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LEX RUSSICA (РУССКИЙ ЗАКОН)
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С.Т. Сулейманова Назначение наказания в уголовном праве Канады

Аннотация: В статье анализируется современное состояние уголовного законодательства Канады, регламентирующего назначение наказания. Анализ норм УК Канады позволяет классифицировать принципы назначения наказания на две группы: 1) основной (фундаментальный), которым является принцип пропорциональности (соразмерности) наказания; 2) дополнительные. В результате сравнительного анализа выявлено сходство общих начал назначения наказания в Канаде и России, а также их отличительные черты. Установлено, что в отличие от УК РФ перечень обстоятельств, отягчающих наказание, предусмотренный УК Канады, не является исчерпывающим. В статье исследуются особенности назначения наказания юридическим лицам, специфика судимости в канадском уголовном праве. Автор предлагает заимствовать данный опыт с целью достижения справедливости при назначении наказания.

Ключевые слова:

юриспруденция, преступление, наказание, назначение наказания, Канада, уголовный кодекс, приговор, принципы, принцип пропорциональности, смягчающие обстоятельства, отягчающие обстоятельства.

Abstract: The article includes analysis of the modern situation in the criminal legislation of Canada regulating imposition of punishment. The analysis of the norms of the Criminal Code of Canada allows to divide the principles for the imposition of punishment into two groups: 1) basic (fundamental) principle, which is the principle of proportionality of punishment and 2) additional principles. As a results of analysis, the author finds similarities in the sphere of imposition of punishment in Russia and in Canada, as well as some differences. It is established that unlike in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the Criminal Code of Canada does not provide for a limited list of aggravating circumstances. The article includes analysis of imposition of punishment to legal entities and specific features of criminal record in the Canadian criminal law. The author offers to use this experience in order to achieve fairness in imposition of punishments.

Keywords:

jurisprudence, crime, punishment, assigning punishment, Canada, criminal code, sentence, principles, proportionality principle, alleviating circumstances, aggravating circumstances.


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Библиография
1. Roberts J.V., Cole D.P. Making sense of sentencing. — Toronto, 1999.
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14. Thorburn M. Proportionate sentencing and the Rule of Law // Principles and Values in criminal law and criminal justice. Essays in Honour of Andrew Ashworth/ ed. by L. Zender and J.V. Roberts. — Oxford, 2012.
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16. R.v. Malmo-Levine [2003] 3 S.C.R. 571, R.v.Proulx(2000) 1 S.C.R.61, 140 C.C.C.(3d) 449, R.v. Nasogalvak [2010] 1 SCR 206.
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19. Manson A. The search for principles of mitigation: integrating cultural demands // Mitigating and aggravating at sentencing / ed. J.V. Roberts. — Cambridge, 2011.
20. Hermida J. Canada // Blanpain R., Colucci M. Criminal law. — NY, 2008. Davidson R.H. Sanctions and alternatives // URL: http://www.isrcl.org/Papers/Davidson.pdf
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24. Turpel–Lafond M.E. Sentencing within a Restorative Justice Paradigm: Procedural Implications of R.V. Gladue / Justice as healing: Indigenous Ways / ed. McCaslim W.D. — Saskatoon, 2005; R.v. Gladue, [1999] 1 S.C.R. 688, 23 C.R. (5th) 197.
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26. Roberts J.V., Jackson M. Boats Against the Current: A Note on the effects of imprisonment // Law and Human Behavior. — 1991. — № 15.
27. Stuart D., Delisle R.J., Coughlan S. Learning Canadian Criminal Law 11th Edition — Toronto, 2009.
28. Канада // URL: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD.C.CAN.19-20_ru.pdf.
29. Newhouse D., Peters E. Non Strangers in these Parts Urban Aboriginal peoples // URL: http:// www.horizons.gc.ca/doclib/AboriginalBook_e.pdf
30. Adult correctional statistics in Canada 2010/2011. Aboriginal people continue to be overrepresented in custody // URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2012001/article/11715-eng.htm#a7; Royal Commission on Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. Report of the Royal 1. Commission Aboriginal Deaths in Custody // URL: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes/ rciadic/national/vol1.
31. Kenney J.S. Canadian victims of crime: critical insights. — Toronto, 2010.
32. R. v. Lewis, 2012 ONCJ 413.
33. Shahidullan S.M. Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: Global and Local Perspectives. — Burlington, 2012.
34. Харук А.Л. Уголовно-правовые проблемы борьбы с преступлениями, связанными с легали-зацией денежных средств, совершаемыми в целях финансирования терроризма // Россий-ский следователь. — 2011. — № 1.
35. Canada’s Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act // URL: http://www.international. gc.ca/ court-cour/ war-crimes
References
1. Roberts J.V., Cole D.P. Making sense of sentencing. — Toronto, 1999.
2. Shahidullan S.M. Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: Global and Local Perspectives. — Burlington, 2012.
3. Roberts J.V., Cole D.P. Making sense of sentencing. — Toronto, 1999.
4. House of Commons Debates. — 1995. — 15 June. — № 210.
5. Shahidullan S.M. Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: Global and Local Perspectives. — Burlington, 2012.
6. Canada Mandatory Minimum Sentences: Ontario Judge Strikes Down Backbone Of Tory Crime Agenda // URL: http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/07/06/canada-mandatory-minimumsentences_ n_1655290.html; Backgrounder: The Safe Streets and Communities Act Four Components Coming Into Force // URL: http://www.justice. gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/nr-cp/2012/ doc_32759.html. Mallea P. Will Stephen Harper’s Billions on the Touch on Crime Agenda Make our Street any Safer? Fear monger. — Toronto, 2011.
7. Mallea P. Will Stephen Harper’s Billions on the Touch on Crime Agenda Make our Street any Safer? Fear monger. — Toronto, 2011.
8. Adult criminal court statistics in Canada, 2010/2011.
9. World prison population list (fourth and ninth edition) // URL: http://www.prisonstudies.org/ images/news_events/wppl9.pdf.
10. Dvenadtsatyy Kongress OON po preduprezhdeniyu prestupnosti i ugolovnomu pravosudiyu (Sal'vador, Braziliya, 12–19 aprelya 2010 g.). Seminar-praktikum po strategiyam i opti-mal'nym vilam praktiki po preduprezhdeniyu perepolnennosti ispravitel'nykh uchrezhde-niy. A/CONF.231/16. 25 January 2010.
11. Roach K. Canada // The handbook of comparative criminal law/ ed. by K.J. Keller, M.D. Dubber. — Stanford, 2011.
12. R.v. Arcand, 2010 ABCA 363.
13. Roach K. Canada // The handbook of comparative criminal law/ ed. by K.J. Keller, M.D. Dubber. — Stanford, 2011; Thorburn M. Proportionate sentencing and the Rule of Law // Principles and Values in criminal law and criminal justice. Essays in Honour of Andrew Ashworth/ ed. by L. Zender and J.V. Roberts. — Oxford, 2012; Manson A. The search for principles of mitigation: integrating cultural demands // Mitigating and aggravating at sentencing / ed. J.V. Roberts. — Cambridge, 2011.
14. Thorburn M. Proportionate sentencing and the Rule of Law // Principles and Values in criminal law and criminal justice. Essays in Honour of Andrew Ashworth/ ed. by L. Zender and J.V. Roberts. — Oxford, 2012.
15. R.v. Arcand 2010 ABCA 363.
16. R.v. Malmo-Levine [2003] 3 S.C.R. 571, R.v.Proulx(2000) 1 S.C.R.61, 140 C.C.C.(3d) 449, R.v. Nasogalvak [2010] 1 SCR 206.
17. R.v. Nasogaluak, [2010] 1 SCR 206.
18. Davidson R.H. Sanctions and alternatives // URL: http://www.isrcl.org/Papers/Davidson.pdf; Mallea P. Will Stephen Harper’s Billions on the Touch on Crime Agenda Make our Street any Safer? Fear monger. — Toronto, 2011.
19. Manson A. The search for principles of mitigation: integrating cultural demands // Mitigating and aggravating at sentencing / ed. J.V. Roberts. — Cambridge, 2011.
20. Hermida J. Canada // Blanpain R., Colucci M. Criminal law. — NY, 2008. Davidson R.H. Sanctions and alternatives // URL: http://www.isrcl.org/Papers/Davidson.pdf
21. R.v. Jamieson, 2012 ONSC 1114.
22. R.v. Stone [1999] 2 S.C.R. 290 24 C.R. (5th) 1.
23. R.v. Camphaug (1986), 28 C.C.C. (3d) 125 (B.C.C.A).
24. Turpel–Lafond M.E. Sentencing within a Restorative Justice Paradigm: Procedural Implications of R.V. Gladue / Justice as healing: Indigenous Ways / ed. McCaslim W.D. — Saskatoon, 2005; R.v. Gladue, [1999] 1 S.C.R. 688, 23 C.R. (5th) 197.
25. Mosher C.J. Discrimination and Denial Systemic Racism in Ontario’s legal and criminal Justice systems, 1892–1961. — Toronto, 1998.
26. Roberts J.V., Jackson M. Boats Against the Current: A Note on the effects of imprisonment // Law and Human Behavior. — 1991. — № 15.
27. Stuart D., Delisle R.J., Coughlan S. Learning Canadian Criminal Law 11th Edition — Toronto, 2009.
28. Kanada // URL: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD.C.CAN.19-20_ru.pdf.
29. Newhouse D., Peters E. Non Strangers in these Parts Urban Aboriginal peoples // URL: http:// www.horizons.gc.ca/doclib/AboriginalBook_e.pdf
30. Adult correctional statistics in Canada 2010/2011. Aboriginal people continue to be overrepresented in custody // URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2012001/article/11715-eng.htm#a7; Royal Commission on Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. Report of the Royal 1. Commission Aboriginal Deaths in Custody // URL: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes/ rciadic/national/vol1.
31. Kenney J.S. Canadian victims of crime: critical insights. — Toronto, 2010.
32. R. v. Lewis, 2012 ONCJ 413.
33. Shahidullan S.M. Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: Global and Local Perspectives. — Burlington, 2012.
34. Kharuk A.L. Ugolovno-pravovye problemy bor'by s prestupleniyami, svyazannymi s legali-zatsiey denezhnykh sredstv, sovershaemymi v tselyakh finansirovaniya terrorizma // Rossiy-skiy sledovatel'. — 2011. — № 1.
35. Canada’s Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act // URL: http://www.international. gc.ca/ court-cour/ war-crimes
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