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Саврыга К.П. Украинский кризис и международное право: вооруженный конфликт на востоке Украины и сецессия Крыма.

Аннотация: Международный украинский кризис, который начался в феврале 2014 года, имеет несколько составляющих, в первую очередь это вооруженный конфликт на территории ряда восточных областей Украины и сецессия Республики Крым из состава Украины и ее последующее присоединение к Российской Федерации. В данной статье мы сначала рассмотрим вопрос о возможных международно-правовых квалификациях вооруженного конфликта на территории Донецкой и Луганской областей Украины, а затем рассмотрим вопрос о возможных основаниях выхода Крыма из состава Украины. В завершении, приняв за основу официальную точку зрения Украинского правительства, мы попытаемся выяснить какие методы юридической защиты Украина может получить в рамках текущей системы международного права. Для выполнения данной задачи, автором были рассмотрены судебные решения различных международных судебных инстанций, а также практика государств в отношении признания правительств. В результате автор приходит к выводу, что конфликт на Юго-востоке Украины может иметь международный характер независимо от непосредственного участия военнослужащих Российской Федерации. В отношении сецессии Крыма, автор приходит к выводу, что признание правомерности его независимости в конкретных обстоятельствах зависит от вопроса признания правительства, который является скорее политическим нежели юридическим вопросом. В последней части статьи, приняв за основу самый худший вариант развития событий, автор приходит к выводу, что даже в случае наличия международного вооруженного конфликта и акта агрессии со стороны Российской Федерации современное международное право не предоставляет эффективных средств защиты пострадавшему государству.


Ключевые слова:

Украинский кризис, конфликт на Украине, Крымский кризис, вооруженный конфликт, одностороннее объявление независимости, право на самоопределение, ответственность государства, признание правительства, акт агрессии, международное право

Abstract:  The international Ukrainian crisis, which started in February of 2014, consists of several components; first of all, it is an armed conflict on the territory of a number of eastern regions of Ukraine, and secession of the Republic of Crimea from Ukraine and its subsequent annexation to the Russian Federation. This article examines the questions of possible international legal qualifications of armed conflicts on the territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine, as well as the issue of possible grounds for Crimean secession from Ukraine. And finally, basing on the official point of view of Ukrainian government, we will attempt to determine which methods of legal defense Ukraine can receive within the framework of the current system of international law. As a result, the author concludes that the conflict in the southeast of Ukraine can represent an international character regardless of direct involvement of members of the Russian armed forces. As to the secession of Crimea, the author concludes that acknowledgement of the legality of its independence under the current circumstances depends on acknowledgement of the government, which is more of a political rather than legal issue. Even in the case of confirmed international armed conflict and act of aggression from the Russian Federation, the modern international law does not contain effective means of protection of the victim country.


Keywords:

recognition of government, state responsibility, right to self-determination, unilateral declaration of independence, armed conflict, Crimean crisis, Armed conflict in Ukraine, Ukrainian crisis, act of aggression, international law


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