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Саврыга К.П. Война с терроризмом как вооруженный конфликт: de lege lata и de lege ferenda

Аннотация: В современноем мире перед многими государствами встала серьезная угроза тероризма. Террористические организации на сегодняшний день часто предтавляют собой более серьезную силу, нежели несколько десятилетий назад, многие в настоящее время (например Исламское Государство) обладают венными возможностями сравнимыми с некоторыми государствами. Что ставит перед мировым сообществом вопрос о допустимости применения парадигмы вооруженного конфликта к отношениям по борьбе с указанными террористами, так как она дает государству больше возможностей для применения силы в отношении противника, нежели парадигма прав человека. В настоящей статье автор исследует основные источники международного гуманитарного права: договора, протоколы дипломатических конференций и судебные решения для того, что бы определить возможно ли квалифицировать войну с терроризмом как вооруженный конфликт. Также исследуются различные доктринальные подходы, характеризующие войну с терроризмом как третью форму вооруженного конфликта. В конце, автор приходит к выводу, что de lege lata война с терроризмом не может считатья вооруженным конфликтом, так как для международного вооруденного конфликта террористической организации не достает правосубъектности, а для вооруженного конфликта немеждународного характера, насиле, которое совершается террористическими группа как правило не удовлетворяет критеорию интенсивности (однако существуют редкие исключения). Однако, это не препятствует квалификации отдельных эпизодов войны с терроризмом как вооруженных конфликтов. Касаемо вопроса de lege ferenda, автор приходит к выводу об отсутствии оснований для регулирования войны с терроризмом правом вооруженных конфликтов.

Ключевые слова:

терроризм, право вооруженных конфликтов, немеждународный вооруженный конфликт, международный вооруженный конфликт, вооруженный конфликт, международное гуманитарное право, война с терроризмом, международное право, негосударственные акторы, ответственость государства

Abstract: In the modern world many nations face the serious threat of terrorism. Today, the terrorist organizations often represent a more powerful force than few decades ago, and many of them currently (for example the so-called Islamic State or ISIS) possess military capabilities comparable to some countries, which poses before the global community a question of allowance of application of the paradigm of an armed conflict to the relations on the fight with the aforementioned terrorists, as it gives the state greater freedom of using force against the enemy than the paradigm of human rights. The author studies various doctrinal approaches that characterize war on terror as the third form of armed conflict. In the end, the author concludes that the de lege lata war on terror cannot be considered an armed conflict, since for an international armed conflict the terrorist organization lacks corporate personhood, and for non-international military conflict, the violence that is caused by the terrorist organizations usually does not meet the criteria of intensity (even though there are some exceptions).  

Keywords:

international humanitarian law, armed conflict, international armed conflict, non-international armed conflict, law of armed conlfict, terrorism, war on terror, international law, non-state actors, state responsibility


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