SENTENTIA. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Правильная ссылка на статью:
Borisova A.S.
Right to “religious feelings”: legal aspects of protection of believers
// SENTENTIA. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences.
2015. № 2.
С. 122-129.
DOI: 10.7256/1339-3057.2015.2.15594 URL: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=15594
Right to “religious feelings”: legal aspects of protection of believers /
Right to “religious feelings”: legal aspects of protection of believers
Борисова Алена Сергеевна
студент, факультет конституционного и муниципального права, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова
119991, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Ленинские Горы, 1
Borisova Alyona Sergeevna
Student, department of Constitutional and Municipal Law, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Meshcheryakova A. F..
(2021)
Russia: The Path to Secularism or the Clericalization of Society and the State?. Lex Russica
10
.
DOI: 10.17803/1729-5920.2021.179.10.085-099
Аннотация: The subject of this research is the competitive analysis of the approaches of the European Court of Human Rights, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), and Venice Commission towards the notion of “religious feelings” and the necessary level of its protection by the government. A special attention is given to the essence of the concept of religious feelings and whether or not it is possible to give a legal definition to this notion, which is the reason for an assessment of the comparability between Article 148 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on insulting the religious feelings of believers, with the European standards in the area od requirements for legal certainty. The main conclusion is that it is impossible to set a normative definition for “religious feelings”. The author justifies the need for a clear delineation of incitement of hate and intolerance by difference of religion, and insulting the feelings of believers, including blasphemy and sacrilege, as well as the reasonableness of decriminalization of “insult of religious feelings of believers”.
Ключевые слова:
religion, freedom of conscience, freedom of speech, blasphemy, religious feelings, European Court, Venice Commission, criminal responsibility, legal certainty, decriminalization
Abstract:The subject of this research is the competitive analysis of the approaches of the European Court of Human Rights, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), and Venice Commission towards the notion of “religious feelings” and the necessary level of its protection by the government. A special attention is given to the essence of the concept of religious feelings and whether or not it is possible to give a legal definition to this notion, which is the reason for an assessment of the comparability between Article 148 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on insulting the religious feelings of believers, with the European standards in the area od requirements for legal certainty. The main conclusion is that it is impossible to set a normative definition for “religious feelings”. The author justifies the need for a clear delineation of incitement of hate and intolerance by difference of religion, and insulting the feelings of believers, including blasphemy and sacrilege, as well as the reasonableness of decriminalization of “insult of religious feelings of believers”.
Keywords:
criminal responsibility, Venice Commission, European Court, insult of religious feelings, blasphemy, freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, religion, decriminalization, legal certainty
Библиография
1. Суд над Сократом: Сборник исторических свидетельств / Сост. А. В. Кургатников. СПб. : Алетейя, 1997 2. Толковый словарь русского языка / Под ред. Д.Н. Ушакова. М.: Гос. ин-т «Сов. энцикл.»; ОГИЗ; Гос. изд-во иностр. и нац. слов., 1935-1940 3. Большой юридический словарь / Под ред. А. Я. Сухарева. 3-е изд., доп. и перераб. М.: ИНФРА-М, 2007 4. Словарь русских синонимов и сходных по смыслу выражений / Под. ред. Н. Абрамова. М.: Русские словари, 1999 5. Энциклопедия Брокгауза и Ефрона. С.-Пб.: Брокгауз-Ефрон, 1890—1907 6. Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006. PART 3A. URL: http://WWW.LEGISLATION.GOV.UK/UKPGA/2006/1/SCHEDULE (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 7. Defamation Act 2009. Art .36. URL: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2009/en/act/pub/0031/sec0036.html (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 8. Codice Penale. Art. 724. URL: http://www.brocardi.it/codice-penale/libro-terzo/titolo-i/capo-ii/sezione-i/art724.html (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 9. The Venice Commission. Analysis of the Domestic Law concerning Blasphemy, Religious Insults and Inciting Religious Hatred in Albania, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, The Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom. CDL(2008)090add2-e. URL: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL(2008)090add2-e (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 10. The Venice Commission. Report on the relationship between Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Religion: the issue of regulation and prosecution of Blasphemy, Religious Insult and Incitement to Religious Hatred. CDL-AD(2008)026-e. 76th Plenary Session (Venice, 17-18 October 2008). URL: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-STD(2010)047-e (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 11. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. Recommendation 1805 (2007). Blasphemy, religious insults and hate speech against persons on grounds of their religion. URL: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=17569&lang=en (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 12. Explanatory memorandum by John Dupraz. Committee on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men. § 10. URL: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=11609&lang=en (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 13. ECtHR. Otto-Preminger-Institut v. Austria. No 13470/87. Judgment of 20 September 1994 14. ECtHR. İ. A. v. Turkey. No 42571/98. Judgment of 13 September 2005 15. ECtHR. Wingrove v. the United Kingdom. No 17419/90. Judgment of 25 November 1996 16. ECtHR. Lingens v. Austria. No 9815/82. Judgment of 8 July 1986 17. ECtHR. Handyside v. the United Kingdom. No 5493/72. Judgment of 7 December 1976 18. ECtHR. Jersild v. Denmark. No 15890/89. Judgment of 23 September 1994 19. ECtHR. Müller and Others v. Switzerland. No 10737/84. Judgment of 24 May 1988 20. ECtHR. Prager and Oberschlick v. Austria. No 15974/90. Judgment of 26 April 1995 21. Индекс запрещенных книг. Сайт Университета Фордхэм. URL: http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/indexlibrorum.asp (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 22. Muslim lawyer sues over Inter's 'Crusaders' kit. URL: http://www.footballshirtculture.com/Fans/muslim-lawyer-sues-over-inter-milan-crusaders-kit.html (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 23. Select Committee on Religious Offences in England and Wales. Written Evidence. Submission from the Buddhist Society. URL: http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld200203/ldselect/ldrelof/95/95w09.htm (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 24. Сергазина К. Защита чувств верующих в России: от «Pussy Riot» до «Тангейзера»: доклад на круглом столе «Светскость государства и реализация прав верующих» в Санкт-Петербургском христианском университете, 20 апреля 2015. URL: http://www.religiopolis.org/documents/8982-zashchita-chuvstv-veruyushchikh-v-rossii-ot-pussyriot-do-tangejzera-doklad-k-sergazinoj-k-s-svetskost-gosudarstva-i-realizatsiya-prav-veruyushchikh-20-04-2015-spb.html (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 25. Болотин И. Православного ежика удаляют из репертуара // Независимая газета, 31.03.2015. http://www.ng.ru/regions/2015-03-31/5_novosibirsk.html (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 26. Гамзаева С. Неоскорбляемые чувства верующих. Россияне теперь могут молиться на заднюю стенку айфона // Независимая газета,17.04.15. http://www.ng.ru/columnist/2015-04-17/6_feelings.html (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 27. Пудовочкин Ю. Закон о защите чувств верующих с точки зрения юриста // Нескучный Сад, 20.06.13. URL: http://www.nsad.ru/articles/zakon-o-zashhite-chuvstv-veruyushhih-s-tochki-zreniya-ateista (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 28. Закон об уголовной ответственности за оскорбление религиозных чувств верующих. Комментарий Юридической службы Московской Патриархии. URL: http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3093568.html (дата обращения:29.05.2015) 29. Общественная Российская Инициатива. Внести изменения в статью 148 «Нарушение права на свободу совести и вероисповеданий» Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации. URL: https://www.roi.ru/18194?login=esia (дата обращения:29.05.2015
References
1. Sud nad Sokratom: Sbornik istoricheskikh svidetel'stv / Sost. A. V. Kurgatnikov. SPb. : Aleteiya, 1997 2. Tolkovyi slovar' russkogo yazyka / Pod red. D.N. Ushakova. M.: Gos. in-t «Sov. entsikl.»; OGIZ; Gos. izd-vo inostr. i nats. slov., 1935-1940 3. Bol'shoi yuridicheskii slovar' / Pod red. A. Ya. Sukhareva. 3-e izd., dop. i pererab. M.: INFRA-M, 2007 4. Slovar' russkikh sinonimov i skhodnykh po smyslu vyrazhenii / Pod. red. N. Abramova. M.: Russkie slovari, 1999 5. Entsiklopediya Brokgauza i Efrona. S.-Pb.: Brokgauz-Efron, 1890—1907 6. Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006. PART 3A. URL: http://WWW.LEGISLATION.GOV.UK/UKPGA/2006/1/SCHEDULE (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 7. Defamation Act 2009. Art .36. URL: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2009/en/act/pub/0031/sec0036.html (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 8. Codice Penale. Art. 724. URL: http://www.brocardi.it/codice-penale/libro-terzo/titolo-i/capo-ii/sezione-i/art724.html (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 9. The Venice Commission. Analysis of the Domestic Law concerning Blasphemy, Religious Insults and Inciting Religious Hatred in Albania, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, The Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom. CDL(2008)090add2-e. URL: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL(2008)090add2-e (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 10. The Venice Commission. Report on the relationship between Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Religion: the issue of regulation and prosecution of Blasphemy, Religious Insult and Incitement to Religious Hatred. CDL-AD(2008)026-e. 76th Plenary Session (Venice, 17-18 October 2008). URL: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-STD(2010)047-e (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 11. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. Recommendation 1805 (2007). Blasphemy, religious insults and hate speech against persons on grounds of their religion. URL: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=17569&lang=en (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 12. Explanatory memorandum by John Dupraz. Committee on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men. § 10. URL: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=11609&lang=en (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 13. ECtHR. Otto-Preminger-Institut v. Austria. No 13470/87. Judgment of 20 September 1994 14. ECtHR. İ. A. v. Turkey. No 42571/98. Judgment of 13 September 2005 15. ECtHR. Wingrove v. the United Kingdom. No 17419/90. Judgment of 25 November 1996 16. ECtHR. Lingens v. Austria. No 9815/82. Judgment of 8 July 1986 17. ECtHR. Handyside v. the United Kingdom. No 5493/72. Judgment of 7 December 1976 18. ECtHR. Jersild v. Denmark. No 15890/89. Judgment of 23 September 1994 19. ECtHR. Müller and Others v. Switzerland. No 10737/84. Judgment of 24 May 1988 20. ECtHR. Prager and Oberschlick v. Austria. No 15974/90. Judgment of 26 April 1995 21. Indeks zapreshchennykh knig. Sait Universiteta Fordkhem. URL: http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/indexlibrorum.asp (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 22. Muslim lawyer sues over Inter's 'Crusaders' kit. URL: http://www.footballshirtculture.com/Fans/muslim-lawyer-sues-over-inter-milan-crusaders-kit.html (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 23. Select Committee on Religious Offences in England and Wales. Written Evidence. Submission from the Buddhist Society. URL: http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld200203/ldselect/ldrelof/95/95w09.htm (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 24. Sergazina K. Zashchita chuvstv veruyushchikh v Rossii: ot «Pussy Riot» do «Tangeizera»: doklad na kruglom stole «Svetskost' gosudarstva i realizatsiya prav veruyushchikh» v Sankt-Peterburgskom khristianskom universitete, 20 aprelya 2015. URL: http://www.religiopolis.org/documents/8982-zashchita-chuvstv-veruyushchikh-v-rossii-ot-pussyriot-do-tangejzera-doklad-k-sergazinoj-k-s-svetskost-gosudarstva-i-realizatsiya-prav-veruyushchikh-20-04-2015-spb.html (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 25. Bolotin I. Pravoslavnogo ezhika udalyayut iz repertuara // Nezavisimaya gazeta, 31.03.2015. http://www.ng.ru/regions/2015-03-31/5_novosibirsk.html (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 26. Gamzaeva S. Neoskorblyaemye chuvstva veruyushchikh. Rossiyane teper' mogut molit'sya na zadnyuyu stenku aifona // Nezavisimaya gazeta,17.04.15. http://www.ng.ru/columnist/2015-04-17/6_feelings.html (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 27. Pudovochkin Yu. Zakon o zashchite chuvstv veruyushchikh s tochki zreniya yurista // Neskuchnyi Sad, 20.06.13. URL: http://www.nsad.ru/articles/zakon-o-zashhite-chuvstv-veruyushhih-s-tochki-zreniya-ateista (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 28. Zakon ob ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti za oskorblenie religioznykh chuvstv veruyushchikh. Kommentarii Yuridicheskoi sluzhby Moskovskoi Patriarkhii. URL: http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3093568.html (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015) 29. Obshchestvennaya Rossiiskaya Initsiativa. Vnesti izmeneniya v stat'yu 148 «Narushenie prava na svobodu sovesti i veroispovedanii» Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossiiskoi Federatsii. URL: https://www.roi.ru/18194?login=esia (data obrashcheniya:29.05.2015
Рус
© 1998 – 2024 Nota Bene. Publishing Technologies. NB-Media Ltd.
