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Право и политика
Правильная ссылка на статью:

Салагай О.О. Борьба с инфекционными заболеваниями в Европейском Союзе: правовая ретроспектива и современность

Аннотация: Предметом исследования, изложенного в настоящей работе, является общественные отношения, связанные с защитой населения от инфекционных заболеваний в Европе, включая современные подходы к борьбе с инфекциями в Европейском союзе. Чума, оспа, холера и другие инфекционные заболевания, сопровождая Европу на протяжении всей ее истории, веками уносили миллионы жизней. Это заставляло искать первые, порой интуитивные, способы борьбы с ними, которые затем, приобретая юридическую форму, конвертировались в противоэпидемические меры, многие из которых широко применяются до настоящего времени. Изучению генезиса этих мер в Европе, а также современным правовым аспектам борьбы с инфекционными заболеваниями в Европейском Союзе и посвящена настоящая работа. Методология исследования основывается на применении как общетеоретических методов, включая метод логического обобщения, анализа, так и специально-правовых методов, включая формально-юридический. В данной работе впервые исследуется развитие норм права Европейского Союза, регулирующих борьбу с инфекционными заболеваниями, в исторической ретроспективе, а также описывается актуальное содержание соответствующих нормативных правовых актов ЕС. Многие из данных актов никогда ранее не переводились на русский язык и не анализировались в русскоязычной юридической литературе. Автор анализирует содержание указанных норм и делает выводы относительно действующей в ЕС системы противодействия угрозам биологического происхождения.


Ключевые слова:

биобезопасность, Европейский Союз, европейское право, инфекционные заболевания, санитарно-эпидемиологическое благополучие, эпидемиологический надзор, контроль над заболеваниями, биотерроризм, Всемирная организация здравоохранения, лихорадка Эбола

Abstract: This work focuses on the protection of population from infectious diseases in Europe, including modern approaches to infection control in the European Union. Plague, smallpox, cholera and other infectious diseases followed European history for centuries, killing millions of people. This forced the people to seek out solutions, often intuitive methods of countering the effects of the diseases. Many of these methods later turn mandatory and converted into anti-epidemic measures, some of which are still widely used today. The genesis of these measures in Europe, as well as modern legal aspects of fighting against infectious diseases in the European Union is in the focus of this article. The research methodology is based on the use of general theoretical methods, including logical generalization, analysis, and special legal methods, including formal-legal method. In this article, the author for the first time investigates development of the law of the European Union on regulatory control of communicable diseases in historical retrospective, and describes the actual content of relevant regulations of the EU. Many of the acts cited in this work have never been translated into Russian or analyzed in the Russian legal literature before. The author analyzes the content of these legal norms and draws conclusions about EU's current system for countering threats of biological origin.


Keywords:

bioterrorism, disease control, epidemiologic surveillance, sanitary well-being, infectious disease, European law, European Union, biosecurity, World Health Organization, Ebola virus


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Библиография
1. Resolution of the Council and the Ministers for health of the Member States meeting within the Council of 13 November 1992 on the monitoring and surveillance of communicable diseases. OJ C 326, 11.12.1992, p. 1–2
2. Lee K. Historical Dictionary of the World Health Organization. The Scarecrow Press. London, 1998, 333 р.
3. Regulation (EC) № 851/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 establishing a European centre for disease prevention and control. OJ 30.04.2004 L 142/1
4. Guglielmetti P. et al. The Early Warning and Response System for communicable diseases in the EU: an overview from 1999 to 2005 Euro Surveill. 2006;11(12):pii=666. Доступ: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=666
5. Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 1082/2013/EU on serious cross-border threats to health and repealing Decision No 2119/98/EC. OJ 05.11.2013 L 293/1
6. Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 1998 setting up a network for the epidemiological surveillance and control of communicable diseases in the Community. OJ L 268/1; 03.10.1998
7. Council Resolution of 12 November 1996 on a strategy towards blood safety and self-sufficiency in the European Community.OJ C 374, 11.12.1996, p. 1–1
8. Commission Decision of 30 April 2009 2009/363/ЕС amending Decision 2002/253/EC laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. OJ L 110/58 01.05.2009
9. Commission Decision of 28 April 2008 2008/426/ЕС amending Decision 2002/253/EC laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. OJ L 159/46 18.06.2008
10. Commission Decision 2009/539/EC of 10 July 2009 amending Decision 2000/96/EC on communicable diseases to be progressively covered by the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. OJ L 180/20; 11.07.2009
11. Commission Decision of 10 July 2009 2009/540/ЕС amending Decision 2002/253/EC as regards case definitions for reporting Influenza A(H1N1) to the Community network. OJ L180/24 11.07.2009
12. Commission Decision of 19 March 2002 2002/253/ЕС laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
13. Commission Decision 2000/96/EC of 22 December 1999 on the communicable diseases to be progressively covered by the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. OJ L 28/50; 03.02.2000
14. Commission decision 2008/721/EC of 5 August 2008 setting up an advisory structure of Scientific Committees and experts in the field of consumer safety, public health and the environment and repealing Decision 2004/210/EC. OJ 10/09/2008 L 241|21
15. Сильченко Н.П. Международно-правовые механизмы обеспечения права на охрану здоровья в контексте эпидемий, представляющих глобальную угрозу: Автореф. дис. ... канд. юр. наук. М., 2012-38 с.
16. Bravata D.M. Systematic review: surveillance systems for early detection of bioterrorism-related diseases.Ann Intern Med. 2004 Jun 1;140(11):910-22.
17. Commission Decision 2000/57/EC of 22 December 1999 on the early warning and response system for the prevention and control of communicable diseases under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. OJ L 21/32; 26.01.2000
References
1. Resolution of the Council and the Ministers for health of the Member States meeting within the Council of 13 November 1992 on the monitoring and surveillance of communicable diseases. OJ C 326, 11.12.1992, p. 1–2
2. Lee K. Historical Dictionary of the World Health Organization. The Scarecrow Press. London, 1998, 333 r.
3. Regulation (EC) № 851/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 establishing a European centre for disease prevention and control. OJ 30.04.2004 L 142/1
4. Guglielmetti P. et al. The Early Warning and Response System for communicable diseases in the EU: an overview from 1999 to 2005 Euro Surveill. 2006;11(12):pii=666. Dostup: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=666
5. Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 1082/2013/EU on serious cross-border threats to health and repealing Decision No 2119/98/EC. OJ 05.11.2013 L 293/1
6. Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 1998 setting up a network for the epidemiological surveillance and control of communicable diseases in the Community. OJ L 268/1; 03.10.1998
7. Council Resolution of 12 November 1996 on a strategy towards blood safety and self-sufficiency in the European Community.OJ C 374, 11.12.1996, p. 1–1
8. Commission Decision of 30 April 2009 2009/363/ES amending Decision 2002/253/EC laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. OJ L 110/58 01.05.2009
9. Commission Decision of 28 April 2008 2008/426/ES amending Decision 2002/253/EC laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. OJ L 159/46 18.06.2008
10. Commission Decision 2009/539/EC of 10 July 2009 amending Decision 2000/96/EC on communicable diseases to be progressively covered by the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. OJ L 180/20; 11.07.2009
11. Commission Decision of 10 July 2009 2009/540/ES amending Decision 2002/253/EC as regards case definitions for reporting Influenza A(H1N1) to the Community network. OJ L180/24 11.07.2009
12. Commission Decision of 19 March 2002 2002/253/ES laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
13. Commission Decision 2000/96/EC of 22 December 1999 on the communicable diseases to be progressively covered by the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. OJ L 28/50; 03.02.2000
14. Commission decision 2008/721/EC of 5 August 2008 setting up an advisory structure of Scientific Committees and experts in the field of consumer safety, public health and the environment and repealing Decision 2004/210/EC. OJ 10/09/2008 L 241|21
15. Sil'chenko N.P. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye mekhanizmy obespecheniya prava na okhranu zdorov'ya v kontekste epidemiy, predstavlyayushchikh global'nuyu ugrozu: Avtoref. dis. ... kand. yur. nauk. M., 2012-38 s.
16. Bravata D.M. Systematic review: surveillance systems for early detection of bioterrorism-related diseases.Ann Intern Med. 2004 Jun 1;140(11):910-22.
17. Commission Decision 2000/57/EC of 22 December 1999 on the early warning and response system for the prevention and control of communicable diseases under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. OJ L 21/32; 26.01.2000