Abgarjan D. —
Споры о незамедлительном освобождении задержанных судов и экипажей в практике Международного трибунала по морскому праву
// Международное право. – 2014. – № 3.
– С. 201 - 226.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2014.3.11602
URL: https://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_11602.html
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Аннотация: В статье анализируются различные вопросы толкования Конвенции ООН по морскому праву 1982г., которые вставали перед Международным трибуналом по морскому праву в ходе рассмотрения дел о незамедлительном освобождении задержанных судов и их экипажей. Основная часть исследуемого вопроса изучается на базе судебной практики Международного трибунала по морскому праву. Выявляются основные тенденции судебной практики Международного трибунала по морскому праву, нововведения и правотворчество этого судебного органа в отношении вопросов незамедлительного освобождения задержанных судов и их экипажей. Рассмотрены вопросы: конфискации (рыболовецкого судна в деле о незаконной ловле в исключительной экономической зоне); залога и прочего материального обеспечения; оснований для задержания иностранных судов в исключительной экономической зоне; процессуальные вопросы, касающиеся приемлемости иска Международным трибуналом по морскому праву (а именно: наличие реальной связи между судном и защищающим государством; необходимость исчерпания местных средств правовой защиты; наличие достаточных доказательств).
Abstract: The article contains analysis of various issues regarding interpretation of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982, which were faced by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) in the course of dealing with the cases on immediate release of seized vessels and their crews. The main part of the problem is dealt with based upon the judicial practice of the International Tribunal for the Law of the sea. The author uncovers the main tendencies in the judicial practice of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, novelties and norm-making of this judicial body on the issues of immediate release of the seized vessels and their crews. The author studies the issues of confiscation (of a fishing boat in cases on unlawful fishing in an exclusive economic zone), bails and material guarantees, grounds for the seizure of foreign vessels in an exclusive economic zone, procedural issues regarding admissibility of claims for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (namely, presence of a real connection between a vessel and a protecting state, the need to exhaust the local legal remedies, presence of sufficient evidence).
Abgarjan D. —
Relations between parties to a dispute and ITLOS
// Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations. – 2014. – № 2.
– С. 287 - 293.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2014.2.11623
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Аннотация: ITLOS case study shows that it strongly contributed to the development of the international law of the sea. Author considers such cases that allowed ITLOS to contribute to the provisions regarding preservation and protection of the marine environment, delimitation of the maritime boundary and responsibilities of the States.
The author affirms that Tribunal contributed to progressive development of the law of the See. In its practical activity ITLOS has already made much for the development of the international law of the sea, especially in determination of those institutes and concepts, which were not clearly enough provided for in the Convention. The most demonstrative in this respect is the realization of the competence of prompt release of vessels which is quite new for judicial procedure. In realizing this competence ITLOS had to interpret and concretize many articles of the Convention, especially as to the grounds for detention of foreign vessels in the EEZ and other areas of national jurisdiction; cleared up such an important rule of national law as the amount of financial security for a release of a ship: the rule is borne by international law and being common for many national systems became actually a general principle of law.
Abgarjan D. —
Elaboration by ITLOS of the Law of the Sea Rules in different spheres of the Ocean Activity
// Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations. – 2014. – № 1.
– С. 96 - 106.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2014.1.11622
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Аннотация: Ways and methods used by ITLOS in the process of interpretation of the law of sea are discussed in the article. ITLOS elaborated a number of rules, in particular, those concerning grounds for detention of foreign vessels in the EEZ, correlation between municipal law and international law, bond or other financial security, question of confiscation, connection between the ship and the flag state. The ITLOS case law is analyzed. Author studies such cases as Juno Trader” “Saiga” “Hoshinmaru” and others. Particular topics that are subject of the study are: Grounds for detention of foreign vessels in the exclusive economic zone; bond or other financial security as well as the question of confiscation (of the haul in fisheries cases for exemple); and finally the questions of the connection between the ship and the flag state.