Аннотация: Настоящая статья американского аналитика Джона Роузгранта посвящена аналитическому обзору
трудов ведущих теоретиков и практиков психоанализа — Биона, Юнга и Фрейда. Автор ставит целью выяснить
то, что в их трудах общее, а что их резко отличает. В частности, он пишет, что Бион и Юнг одинаково предпочитают романтически/коллективистский подход в терапевтической практике, отвергая классически/ индивидуальный. В то время как Фрейд стремится пользоваться обоими подходами. Сам автор стоит на стороне Биона и
Юнга, которые убеждены, что романтический метод, применяемый в терапии, мог бы дать больше возможности,
чтобы вывести пациента из состояния застоя и помочь ему в его развитии. Фрейд, как и Бакан, настаивают на
важном значении сочетания обоих подходов и для полноты человеческой жизни, и для терапии пациента.
Отдельный раздел статьи автор посвящает архетипам Юнга, который считает, что архетип — это независимый источник энергии, спонтанный, объективно существующий неотличимый от богов. Фрейд и Юнг одинаково
считали, что боги созданы проекциями духа (psyche). Но если Фрейд считал, что боги — это проекция желаний и
страхов, накопленных человеком в течение жизни, то Юнг был убежден, что боги — это сверхличностная сила,
не связанная с личным опытом, а исходящая из духа (psyche).
Перевод: Rosegrant John. Why Bion? Why Jung? For That Matter, Why Freud? // Journal of the American Psychoanalytical
Association. 2012, august. № 60 (4). P. 721-745.
Роузгрант Джон. Бион, Юнг, Фрейд: сходство и различие психоаналитических концепций // Ж-л Американской
психоаналитической Ассоциации. 2012, август. № 60(4). С. 721-745. (С. 721-731 — перевод С.Н. Коняева, с. 731-
745 — перевод М.А. Султановой).
Ключевые слова: психоанализ, Бион, Юнг, Фрейд, терапия, аналитик, пациент, архетипы, свободные ассоциации, коллективное бессознательное.
Контактная информация: Коняев Сергей Николаевич, 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Волхонка, д. 14/1, стр. 5, комн. 406.
Библиография:
1. adorno, T.W., frenkel-brunsvvik, E., levinson, D.J., & sanford, R.N. (1950). The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Norton.
2. auden, W.H. (1939). In memory of Sigmund Freud. In Selected Poems of W.H. Auden. New York: Modern Library,
1958, pp. 54-58.
3. bach, S. (1998). Two ways of being. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 8:657-673.
4. bakan, D. (1966). The Duality of Human Existence: Isolation and Communion
in Western Man. Boston: Beacon Press.
5. bergmann, M. (1993). Reflections on the history of psychoanalysis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
41:929-955.
6. bergmann, M. (1997). The historical roots of psychoanalytic orthodoxy. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 78:69-86.
7. bion, W.R. (1959). Attacks on linking. International Journal of Psychoanalysis
40:308-315.
8. bion, W.R. (1962). Learning from Experience. London: Heinemann.
9. bion, W.R. (1963). Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: Heinemann.
10. bion, W.R. (1965). Transformations. London: Heinemann.
11. bion, W.R. (1970). Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.
12. bleandonu, G. (1994). Wilfred Bion: His Life and Works 1897-1979. New York: Other Press.
13. brown, L.J. (2009). Bion’s ego psychology: Implications for an intersubjective view of psychic structure. Psychoanalytic
Quarterly 78:27-55.
14. casement, A. (2010). Sonu Shamdasani interviewed by Ann Casement. Journal of Analytical Psychology 55:35-49.
15. culbert-koehn, J. (2009). Classical Jung meets Klein and Bion. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 10:443-455.
16. dehing, J. (1994). Containment—an archetype? Meaning of madness in Jung and Bion. Journal of Analytical Psychology
39:419-461.
17. ellenberger, H.R (1970). The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry. New
York: Basic Books.
18. ellman, S.J., ED. (1991). Freud’s Technique Papers: A Contemporary Perspective. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.
19. fairbairn, W.R.D. (1963). Synopsis of an object-relations theory of the personality. International Journal of Psychoanalysis
44:224-225.
20. ferro, A. (2002). Superego transformations through the analyst’s capacity for reverie. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 71:477-501.
21. ferro, A. (2003). Marcella: The transition from explosive sensoriality to the ability to think. Psychoanalytic Quarterly
72:183-200.
22. ferro, A. (2005). Which reality in the psychoanalytic session? Psychoanalytic Quarterly 74:421-442.
23. ferro, A. (2006). Trauma, reverie, and the field. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 75:1045-1056.
24. ferro, A., & basile, R. (2004). The psychoanalyst as individual: Self-analysis and gradients of functioning. Psychoanalytic
Quarterly 73:659-682.
25. freud, S. (1907). Delusions and dreams in Jensen’s Gradiva. Standard Edition 9:7-95.
26. freud, S. (1911). Formulations on the two principles of mental functioning. Standard Edition 12:218-226.
27. freud, S. (1912). The dynamics of transference. Standard Edition 12: 99-108.
28. freud, S. (1912-1913). Totem and taboo. Standard Edition 13:1-161.
29. freud, S. (1915). Observations on transference-love. Standard Edition 12:159-171. freud, S. (1916-1917). Introductory
lectures on psycho-analysis. Standard Edition 15/16.
30. freud, S. (1927). Civilization and its discontents. Standard Edition 21:64-145.
31. gedo, J.E. (1981). The air trembles, for demi-gods draw near. American Imago 38:61-80.
32. godsil, G. (2005). Reflections on death and mourning in relation to Dickens’ novel Our Mutual Friend. Journal of
Analytical Psychology 50:469-481.
33. hillman, J. (1977). Correspondence. Journal of Analytical Psychology 22:59.
34. horne, M., sowa, A., & isenman, D. (2000). Philosophical assumptions in Freud, Jung, and Bion: Questions of causality.
Journal of Analytical Psychology 45:109-121.
35. jung. C.G. (1911). Symbols of transformation. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 5. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1977.
36. jung, C.G. (1916). Psychoanalysis and neurosis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 4, pp. 243-251. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1961.
37. jung, C.G. (1917). On the psychology of the unconscious. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 7, pp. 1-119.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.
38. jung, C.G. (I934a). Archetypes of the collective unconscious. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part I, pp.
3-41. Princeton: Princeton Univesity Press, 1981.
39. jung, C.G. (1934b). The development of the personality. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 17, pp. 165-186.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
40. jung, C.G. (I934c). The practical use of dream analysis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 16, pp. 133-161.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966.
41. jung, C.G. (I938a). Psychological aspects of the mother archetype. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1,
pp. 75-110. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
42. jung, C.G. (I938b). Psychology and religion: West and east. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 11, pp. 3-105.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.
43. jung, C.G. (1940). The psychology of the child archetype. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1, pp. 151-
181. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
44. jung, C.G. (1944). Psychology and alchemy. In The Collected Works of C.G.Jung. Vol. 12. Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1980.
45. jung, C.G. (1951). Aion: Researches into the phenomenology of the self. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9,
Part II. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
46. jung, C.G. (1952). Synchronicity: An acausal connecting principle. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 8, pp.
417-519. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
47. jung, C.G. (1955). Mandalas. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1, pp. 387-390. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1981.
48. jung, C.G. (1955-1956). Mysterium coniunctionis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 14. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1977.
49. jung, C.G. (1961). Memories, Dreams, Reflections. New York: Random House.
50. jung, C.G. (2009). The Red Book. New York: Norton.
51. kerr, J. (1993). A Most Dangerous Method. New York: Vintage Books.
52. kohut, H. (1984). How Does Analysis Cure? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
53. lombardi, R. (2008). Time, music, and reverie. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 56:1191-1211.
54. McGuiRE, W, ED. (1974). The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C.G. Jung.
Princeton: Princeton University Press.
55. meltzer, D. (1978). The clinical significance of the work of Bion. In The Kleinian Development. Perthshire: Clunie
Press, pp. 270-396.
56. O’SHAUGNESSY, E. (2005). Whose Bion? International Journal of Psychoanalysis 86:1523-1528.
57. potik, D. (2010). Possessive objects and paralyzing moods. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 79:687-715.
58. rosegrant, J. (2001). The psychoanalytic play state. Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis 10:323-343.
59. rosegrant, J. (2005). The therapeutic effects of the free-associative state of consciousness. Psychoanalytic Quarterly
74:737-766.
60. sayers, J. (2004). Transforming at-one-ment: Speilrein, Jung, Bion. Psychoanalysis & History 6:37-55.
61. shamdasani, S. (2004). Jung and the Making of Modern Psychology: The Dream of a Science. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
62. shields, W. (2009). Imaginative literature and Bion’s intersubjective theory of thinking. Psychoanalytic Quarterly
78:559-586.
63. slochower, H. (1981). Freud as Yahweh in Jung’s “Answer to Job.” American Imago 38:3-39.
64. stevens, V (2010). Bion, Klein, and Freud. In When Theories Touch, ed. S.J. Ellman. London: Karnac Books, pp. 521-540.
65. sullivan, B.S. (2009). The Mystery of Analytical Work: Weavings from Jung and Bion. London: Routledge.
66. summers, F. (2011). Psychoanalysis: Romantic, not wild. Psychoanalytic Psychology 28:13-32.
67. williams, S. (2006). Analytic intuition: A meeting place for Jung and Bion.
References (transliteration):
1. adorno, T.W., frenkel-brunsvvik, E., levinson, D.J., & sanford, R.N. (1950). The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Norton.
2. auden, W.H. (1939). In memory of Sigmund Freud. In Selected Poems of W.H. Auden. New York: Modern Library,
1958, pp. 54-58.
3. bach, S. (1998). Two ways of being. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 8:657-673.
4. bakan, D. (1966). The Duality of Human Existence: Isolation and Communion
in Western Man. Boston: Beacon Press.
5. bergmann, M. (1993). Reflections on the history of psychoanalysis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
41:929-955.
6. bergmann, M. (1997). The historical roots of psychoanalytic orthodoxy. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 78:69-86.
7. bion, W.R. (1959). Attacks on linking. International Journal of Psychoanalysis
40:308-315.
8. bion, W.R. (1962). Learning from Experience. London: Heinemann.
9. bion, W.R. (1963). Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: Heinemann.
10. bion, W.R. (1965). Transformations. London: Heinemann.
11. bion, W.R. (1970). Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.
12. bleandonu, G. (1994). Wilfred Bion: His Life and Works 1897-1979. New York: Other Press.
13. brown, L.J. (2009). Bion’s ego psychology: Implications for an intersubjective view of psychic structure. Psychoanalytic
Quarterly 78:27-55.
14. casement, A. (2010). Sonu Shamdasani interviewed by Ann Casement. Journal of Analytical Psychology 55:35-49.
15. culbert-koehn, J. (2009). Classical Jung meets Klein and Bion. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 10:443-455.
16. dehing, J. (1994). Containment—an archetype? Meaning of madness in Jung and Bion. Journal of Analytical Psychology
39:419-461.
17. ellenberger, H.R (1970). The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry. New
York: Basic Books.
18. ellman, S.J., ED. (1991). Freud’s Technique Papers: A Contemporary Perspective. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.
19. fairbairn, W.R.D. (1963). Synopsis of an object-relations theory of the personality. International Journal of Psychoanalysis
44:224-225.
20. ferro, A. (2002). Superego transformations through the analyst’s capacity for reverie. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 71:477-501.
21. ferro, A. (2003). Marcella: The transition from explosive sensoriality to the ability to think. Psychoanalytic Quarterly
72:183-200.
22. ferro, A. (2005). Which reality in the psychoanalytic session? Psychoanalytic Quarterly 74:421-442.
23. ferro, A. (2006). Trauma, reverie, and the field. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 75:1045-1056.
24. ferro, A., & basile, R. (2004). The psychoanalyst as individual: Self-analysis and gradients of functioning. Psychoanalytic
Quarterly 73:659-682.
25. freud, S. (1907). Delusions and dreams in Jensen’s Gradiva. Standard Edition 9:7-95.
26. freud, S. (1911). Formulations on the two principles of mental functioning. Standard Edition 12:218-226.
27. freud, S. (1912). The dynamics of transference. Standard Edition 12: 99-108.
28. freud, S. (1912-1913). Totem and taboo. Standard Edition 13:1-161.
29. freud, S. (1915). Observations on transference-love. Standard Edition 12:159-171. freud, S. (1916-1917). Introductory
lectures on psycho-analysis. Standard Edition 15/16.
30. freud, S. (1927). Civilization and its discontents. Standard Edition 21:64-145.
31. gedo, J.E. (1981). The air trembles, for demi-gods draw near. American Imago 38:61-80.
32. godsil, G. (2005). Reflections on death and mourning in relation to Dickens’ novel Our Mutual Friend. Journal of
Analytical Psychology 50:469-481.
33. hillman, J. (1977). Correspondence. Journal of Analytical Psychology 22:59.
34. horne, M., sowa, A., & isenman, D. (2000). Philosophical assumptions in Freud, Jung, and Bion: Questions of causality.
Journal of Analytical Psychology 45:109-121.
35. jung. C.G. (1911). Symbols of transformation. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 5. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1977.
36. jung, C.G. (1916). Psychoanalysis and neurosis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 4, pp. 243-251. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1961.
37. jung, C.G. (1917). On the psychology of the unconscious. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 7, pp. 1-119.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.
38. jung, C.G. (I934a). Archetypes of the collective unconscious. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part I, pp.
3-41. Princeton: Princeton Univesity Press, 1981.
39. jung, C.G. (1934b). The development of the personality. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 17, pp. 165-186.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
40. jung, C.G. (I934c). The practical use of dream analysis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 16, pp. 133-161.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966.
41. jung, C.G. (I938a). Psychological aspects of the mother archetype. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1,
pp. 75-110. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
42. jung, C.G. (I938b). Psychology and religion: West and east. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 11, pp. 3-105.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.
43. jung, C.G. (1940). The psychology of the child archetype. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1, pp. 151-
181. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
44. jung, C.G. (1944). Psychology and alchemy. In The Collected Works of C.G.Jung. Vol. 12. Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1980.
45. jung, C.G. (1951). Aion: Researches into the phenomenology of the self. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9,
Part II. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
46. jung, C.G. (1952). Synchronicity: An acausal connecting principle. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 8, pp.
417-519. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
47. jung, C.G. (1955). Mandalas. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 9, Part 1, pp. 387-390. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1981.
48. jung, C.G. (1955-1956). Mysterium coniunctionis. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 14. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1977.
49. jung, C.G. (1961). Memories, Dreams, Reflections. New York: Random House.
50. jung, C.G. (2009). The Red Book. New York: Norton.
51. kerr, J. (1993). A Most Dangerous Method. New York: Vintage Books.
52. kohut, H. (1984). How Does Analysis Cure? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
53. lombardi, R. (2008). Time, music, and reverie. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 56:1191-1211.
54. McGuiRE, W, ED. (1974). The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C.G. Jung.
Princeton: Princeton University Press.
55. meltzer, D. (1978). The clinical significance of the work of Bion. In The Kleinian Development. Perthshire: Clunie
Press, pp. 270-396.
56. O’SHAUGNESSY, E. (2005). Whose Bion? International Journal of Psychoanalysis 86:1523-1528.
57. potik, D. (2010). Possessive objects and paralyzing moods. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 79:687-715.
58. rosegrant, J. (2001). The psychoanalytic play state. Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis 10:323-343.
59. rosegrant, J. (2005). The therapeutic effects of the free-associative state of consciousness. Psychoanalytic Quarterly
74:737-766.
60. sayers, J. (2004). Transforming at-one-ment: Speilrein, Jung, Bion. Psychoanalysis & History 6:37-55.
61. shamdasani, S. (2004). Jung and the Making of Modern Psychology: The Dream of a Science. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
62. shields, W. (2009). Imaginative literature and Bion’s intersubjective theory of thinking. Psychoanalytic Quarterly
78:559-586.
63. slochower, H. (1981). Freud as Yahweh in Jung’s “Answer to Job.” American Imago 38:3-39.
64. stevens, V (2010). Bion, Klein, and Freud. In When Theories Touch, ed. S.J. Ellman. London: Karnac Books, pp. 521-540.
65. sullivan, B.S. (2009). The Mystery of Analytical Work: Weavings from Jung and Bion. London: Routledge.
66. summers, F. (2011). Psychoanalysis: Romantic, not wild. Psychoanalytic Psychology 28:13-32.
67. williams, S. (2006). Analytic intuition: A meeting place for Jung and Bion.