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Философия и культура
Правильная ссылка на статью:

Тлостанова М.В. Западный антигуманизм или незападный гуманизм другого?

Аннотация: В статье представлен сравнительный анализ западного антигуманизма в его основных проявлениях – реактивном, технократически-апологетическом и критическом, и незападного гуманизма как реитерации важности так и неосуществленных гуманистических принципов в отношении лиминальных субъектов модерности, лишавшихся права считаться людьми. Автор подробно останавливается на пересечениях и расхождениях между западными теориями аффекта и деколониальной геополитикой и телесной политикой знания, ощущения и бытия, показывая, что многие «открытия» аффективного поворота уже давно были представлены в незападном теоретизировании, хотя и оставались неизвестными или нелегитимными в глазах мейнстримовской науки. Особую остроту эта проблема обрела в рамках дискуссии о человеческом, природном и животном, децентрации человека как вида и стирания и расшатывания казалось бы незыблемых модерных границ и иерархий между человеческим и природным. Во второй части статьи речь идет о дальнейшей проблематизации границы между человеком и животным в рамках так называемого «аутистского взгляда», который может выражаться как в форме научного эксперимента, так и в форме перформанса, которая всё же зачастую оказывается более результативной.

Ключевые слова:

Пост(анти)гуманизм, Брайдотти, иной гуманизм, аффективный поворот, телесная политика знания, -бытия-и-восприятия, Сильвия Уинтер, аутистский взгляд, лиминальность, энтогуманизм, другой

Abstract: The article offers a comparative analysis of largely Western post-anthropocentric antihumanism in its main versions – reactive, technocratically apologetic and critical, and the non-Western humanism as a reiteration of the importance of humanist premises that have never been fulfilled in relation to liminal subjects of modernity deprived of their right to be considered human. The author discusses in detail the intersections and divergences between the Western theories of affect and the decolonial geopolitics and body-politics of knowledge, being, perception, demonstrating that many “discoveries” of the affective turn have been long ago represented in the non-Western theorizing remaining unknown or non-legitimate in the eyes of the mainstream scholarship. This problem has become particularly acute in the context of the discussion of the human, natural and animal, the decentration of the human being as a species and the erasing and destabilizing of the seemingly stable modern boundaries and hierarchies between the human and the natural. The second part of the article focuses on the further problematization of the border between humans and animals in the frame of the so called “autistic regard” which may be expressed both in the form of a scientific experiment and in the form of a performance which is often more successful.

Keywords:

Sylvia Wynter, body-politics of knowledge, being and perception, the affective turn, an other humanism, Braidotti, Post(anti)humanism, autistic regard, liminality, ethnohumanism, the other


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Библиография
1. Maldonado-Torres N. Introduction. Worlds and Knowledges Otherwise, Volume 1, Dossier 3, Fall 2006. (http://www.jhfc.duke.edu/wko/dossiers/1.3/1.3introarchive.php).
2. Wynter, Sylvia. “Human Being as Noun? or Being Human as Praxis – Towards the Autopoetic Turn/Overturn: A Manifesto,” 2007. (http://otl2.wikispaces.com/file/view/The+Autopoetic+Turn.pdf).
3. Braidotti R. The Posthuman. Malden: Polity Press, 2013.
4. Agamben, G. Homo Sacer. Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Trans. by Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
5. Lugones, María. “Toward a Decolonial Feminism,” Hypatia. Special Issue: Feminist Legacies/Feminist Futures, Vol. 25, Issue 4 (2010): 742-759.
6. Nishitani, Osamu. “Anthropos and Humanitas: Two Western Concepts of Human Being.” In Translation, Biopolitics, Colonial Difference. Edited by Naoki Sakai and John Solomon. 259-273. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2006.
7. Mignolo, Walter. ”I am where I Think: Remapping the Order of Knowing”, In The Creolization of Theory. Edited by Francoise Lionnet and Shu-mei Shih, 159-192, Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2011.
8. Maldonado-Torres, Nelson. “On the Colonaility of Being,” Cultural Studies Vol. 21, No. 2–3 (2007): 240-270.
9. Wynter, Sylvia. “Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation – An Argument,” The New Centennial Review, 3:3 (2003): 257-337.
10. Ferry, Luc, Alain Renault and Franklin Philip. From the Rights of Man to the Republican Idea. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
11. Tlostanova, Madina and Walter Mignolo. Learning to Unlearn: Decolonial Reflections from Eurasia and the Americas. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2012.
12. Shinkle, Eugenie. “Uneasy Bodies: Affect, Embodied Perception and Contemporary Fashion Photography,” In Carnal Aesthetics. Transgressive Imagery and Feminist Politics. edited by Bettina Papenburg and Martha Zarzycka, 73-88. London, N.Y.: I.B. Tauris 2013.
13. Wynter, Sylvia. ‘Towards the Sociogenic Principle: Fanon, The Puzzle of Conscious Experience, of “Identity” and What it’s Like to be “Black”’ In National Identity and Socio-Political Change: Latin America Between Marginalisation and Integration. Edited by Mercedes Duran-Cogan and Antonio Gomez-Moriana, 30-66. New York: Garland, 2000. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.
14. Gordon, Lewis. “Problematic People and Epistemic Decolonization: Toward the Postcolonial in Africana Political Thought,” In Postcolonialism and Political Theory. Edited by Nalini Persram, 121-142. N.Y.: Lexington Books, 2007.
15. Fanon, Franz. Black Skin, White Masks. N.Y.: Grove Press, 1967.
16. Du Bois, William B. The Souls of Black Folk. A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1903.
17. Henry, Padget. Caliban’s Reason. Introducing Afro-Caribbean Philosophy. N.Y.: Routledge, 2001.
18. Moraga, Cherrry and Gloria Anzaldua, eds. This Bridge Called my Back. Writings by Radical Women of Color N.Y.: Kitchen Table. Women of Color Press, 1981.
19. Anzaldúa, Gloria. Borderlands/ La Frontera. The New Mestiza. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books, 1989.
20. Gordon, Lewis. “What does it mean to be a problem”, In Existentia Africana. Understanding Africana Existential Thought, 62-95. N.Y.&Lodon: Routledge, 2000.
21. Albán Achinte, Adolfo. “Artistas Indígenas y Afrocolombianos: Entre las Memorias y las Cosmovisiones. Estéticas de la Re-Existencia”. In Arte y Estética en la Encrucijada Descolonial, 83-112. Buenos Aires: Del Siglo, 2009.
22. Mignolo, Walter. “Geopolitics of Sensing and Knowing. On (De)Coloniality, Border Thinking, and Epistemic Disobedience,” EIPCP, 09.2011, http://eipcp.net/transversal/0112/mignolo/en
23. Dussel, Enrique. The Underside of Modernity: Apel, Ricoeur, Rorty, Taylor, and the Philosophy of Liberation. Atlantic Highlands: Humanity Books, 1996.
24. Koivunen, Anu. “Force of affects, weight of histories in Love is a Treasure”, In Carnal Aesthetics. Transgressive Imagery and Feminist Politics. Edited by Bettina Papenburg and Martha Zarzycka, 89-101. London, N.Y.: I.B. Tauris, 2013.
25. Masumi, Brian. Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2002.
26. Gallese, Vittorio. “The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: the quest for a common mechanism.” Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 358-431, 29 March (2003): 517-528.
27. Karkov, Nikolay. “From Humanism to Post-humanism and Back: Notes on the Geopolitics of Knowledge”, Personality. Culture. Society. Vol. 15, Issues 3-4 (2013): 52-70.
28. Shiva, Vandana. Earth Democracy. Justice, Sustainability and Peace. N.Y., Boston: South End Press, 2005.
29. Manning, Erin. “Another regard”, In Carnal Aesthetics. Transgressive Imagery and Feminist Politics. edited by Bettina Papenburg, Martha Zarzycka, 55-72. London, N.Y.: I.B. Tauris, 2013.
30. Mignolo, Walter. The Darker Side of the Renaissance. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1995.
31. Lugones, Maria. “Playfulness, “World”-traveling and Loving Perception”, In: Pilgrimages/Peregrinajes. Theorizing Coalition against Multiple Oppression. 77-100. Lanham, Boulder, New York, Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc., 2003
References
1. Maldonado-Torres N. Introduction. Worlds and Knowledges Otherwise, Volume 1, Dossier 3, Fall 2006. (http://www.jhfc.duke.edu/wko/dossiers/1.3/1.3introarchive.php).
2. Wynter, Sylvia. “Human Being as Noun? or Being Human as Praxis – Towards the Autopoetic Turn/Overturn: A Manifesto,” 2007. (http://otl2.wikispaces.com/file/view/The+Autopoetic+Turn.pdf).
3. Braidotti R. The Posthuman. Malden: Polity Press, 2013.
4. Agamben, G. Homo Sacer. Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Trans. by Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
5. Lugones, María. “Toward a Decolonial Feminism,” Hypatia. Special Issue: Feminist Legacies/Feminist Futures, Vol. 25, Issue 4 (2010): 742-759.
6. Nishitani, Osamu. “Anthropos and Humanitas: Two Western Concepts of Human Being.” In Translation, Biopolitics, Colonial Difference. Edited by Naoki Sakai and John Solomon. 259-273. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2006.
7. Mignolo, Walter. ”I am where I Think: Remapping the Order of Knowing”, In The Creolization of Theory. Edited by Francoise Lionnet and Shu-mei Shih, 159-192, Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2011.
8. Maldonado-Torres, Nelson. “On the Colonaility of Being,” Cultural Studies Vol. 21, No. 2–3 (2007): 240-270.
9. Wynter, Sylvia. “Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation – An Argument,” The New Centennial Review, 3:3 (2003): 257-337.
10. Ferry, Luc, Alain Renault and Franklin Philip. From the Rights of Man to the Republican Idea. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
11. Tlostanova, Madina and Walter Mignolo. Learning to Unlearn: Decolonial Reflections from Eurasia and the Americas. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2012.
12. Shinkle, Eugenie. “Uneasy Bodies: Affect, Embodied Perception and Contemporary Fashion Photography,” In Carnal Aesthetics. Transgressive Imagery and Feminist Politics. edited by Bettina Papenburg and Martha Zarzycka, 73-88. London, N.Y.: I.B. Tauris 2013.
13. Wynter, Sylvia. ‘Towards the Sociogenic Principle: Fanon, The Puzzle of Conscious Experience, of “Identity” and What it’s Like to be “Black”’ In National Identity and Socio-Political Change: Latin America Between Marginalisation and Integration. Edited by Mercedes Duran-Cogan and Antonio Gomez-Moriana, 30-66. New York: Garland, 2000. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.
14. Gordon, Lewis. “Problematic People and Epistemic Decolonization: Toward the Postcolonial in Africana Political Thought,” In Postcolonialism and Political Theory. Edited by Nalini Persram, 121-142. N.Y.: Lexington Books, 2007.
15. Fanon, Franz. Black Skin, White Masks. N.Y.: Grove Press, 1967.
16. Du Bois, William B. The Souls of Black Folk. A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1903.
17. Henry, Padget. Caliban’s Reason. Introducing Afro-Caribbean Philosophy. N.Y.: Routledge, 2001.
18. Moraga, Cherrry and Gloria Anzaldua, eds. This Bridge Called my Back. Writings by Radical Women of Color N.Y.: Kitchen Table. Women of Color Press, 1981.
19. Anzaldúa, Gloria. Borderlands/ La Frontera. The New Mestiza. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books, 1989.
20. Gordon, Lewis. “What does it mean to be a problem”, In Existentia Africana. Understanding Africana Existential Thought, 62-95. N.Y.&Lodon: Routledge, 2000.
21. Albán Achinte, Adolfo. “Artistas Indígenas y Afrocolombianos: Entre las Memorias y las Cosmovisiones. Estéticas de la Re-Existencia”. In Arte y Estética en la Encrucijada Descolonial, 83-112. Buenos Aires: Del Siglo, 2009.
22. Mignolo, Walter. “Geopolitics of Sensing and Knowing. On (De)Coloniality, Border Thinking, and Epistemic Disobedience,” EIPCP, 09.2011, http://eipcp.net/transversal/0112/mignolo/en
23. Dussel, Enrique. The Underside of Modernity: Apel, Ricoeur, Rorty, Taylor, and the Philosophy of Liberation. Atlantic Highlands: Humanity Books, 1996.
24. Koivunen, Anu. “Force of affects, weight of histories in Love is a Treasure”, In Carnal Aesthetics. Transgressive Imagery and Feminist Politics. Edited by Bettina Papenburg and Martha Zarzycka, 89-101. London, N.Y.: I.B. Tauris, 2013.
25. Masumi, Brian. Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2002.
26. Gallese, Vittorio. “The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: the quest for a common mechanism.” Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 358-431, 29 March (2003): 517-528.
27. Karkov, Nikolay. “From Humanism to Post-humanism and Back: Notes on the Geopolitics of Knowledge”, Personality. Culture. Society. Vol. 15, Issues 3-4 (2013): 52-70.
28. Shiva, Vandana. Earth Democracy. Justice, Sustainability and Peace. N.Y., Boston: South End Press, 2005.
29. Manning, Erin. “Another regard”, In Carnal Aesthetics. Transgressive Imagery and Feminist Politics. edited by Bettina Papenburg, Martha Zarzycka, 55-72. London, N.Y.: I.B. Tauris, 2013.
30. Mignolo, Walter. The Darker Side of the Renaissance. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1995.
31. Lugones, Maria. “Playfulness, “World”-traveling and Loving Perception”, In: Pilgrimages/Peregrinajes. Theorizing Coalition against Multiple Oppression. 77-100. Lanham, Boulder, New York, Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc., 2003
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