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SENTENTIA. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Правильная ссылка на статью:

Kanasz, T. Emotion and Value Perspectives in Sociological Investigation of Happiness

Аннотация: The aim of this paper is to counter the following statement: the criticism of sociology for not involving issues of happiness is not fully justified. In general, both in classical as well as in contemporary sociology happiness has been included into sociological research. However, knowledge on happiness and happiness related phenomena is disseminated into different subfields of sociology (e.g. sociology of health, sociology of everyday life, sociology of culture etc.).Therefore, the main idea of this article is to show different ways of exploring happiness in various fields of sociology. Basically, the concept of happiness can be understood as an emotion (with its various types), a value (or rather a set of values) or an idea of “a good life”. Happiness as an emotion is explored by sociology of emotions, sociology of health, sociology of everyday life. Sociology of culture deals with happiness as a set of values. The topic of happiness as an idea of “a good life” appears in sociology of social change as well as in other fields of sociology related to family, education, politics, culture and media.Happiness can also be accompanied with other notions such as optimism, satisfaction with life, hope, or success. Sociology of happiness and well-being has been developed on the interdisciplinary basis and has not excluded studies of ill-being.The author believes that today, in the rapidly changing world, there is a greater than ever need for reflection on happiness and well-being of individuals.

Ключевые слова:

Sociology, Happiness, Well-being, Values, Emotion, Good Life, Satisfaction with life, Classical Sociology, Contemporary Sociology, An Integrated Approach

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to counter the following statement: the criticism of sociology for not involving issues of happiness is not fully justified. In general, both in classical as well as in contemporary sociology happiness has been included into sociological research. However, knowledge on happiness and happiness related phenomena is disseminated into different subfields of sociology (e.g. sociology of health, sociology of everyday life, sociology of culture etc.).Therefore, the main idea of this article is to show different ways of exploring happiness in various fields of sociology. Basically, the concept of happiness can be understood as an emotion (with its various types), a value (or rather a set of values) or an idea of “a good life”. Happiness as an emotion is explored by sociology of emotions, sociology of health, sociology of everyday life. Sociology of culture deals with happiness as a set of values. The topic of happiness as an idea of “a good life” appears in sociology of social change as well as in other fields of sociology related to family, education, politics, culture and media.Happiness can also be accompanied with other notions such as optimism, satisfaction with life, hope, or success. Sociology of happiness and well-being has been developed on the interdisciplinary basis and has not excluded studies of ill-being.The author believes that today, in the rapidly changing world, there is a greater than ever need for reflection on happiness and well-being of individuals.

Keywords:

Sociology, Happiness, Well-being, Values, Emotion, Good Life, Satisfaction with life, Classical Sociology, Contemporary Sociology, An Integrated Approach


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Библиография
1. Annas, J. ‘Happiness as Achievement’. Daedalus. 2004. Vol. 133. №
2. p. 44-51. 2. Bartram, D. (2011) Elements of a Sociological Contribution to Happiness Studies: Social Context, Unintended Consequences, and Discourses. Department of Sociology, University of Leicester, (22 February 2013).
3. Bauman, Z. ‘Ethics of Individuals’, Canadian Journal of Sociology. 2000. Vol. 25. № 1. p. 83-96.
4. Bauman, Z. ‘Happiness in a Society of Individuals’. Soundings. 1 April, 2008. p. 19-28.
5. Bauman, Z. The Art Of Life. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008.
6. Bentall, R. ‘A Proposal to Classify Happiness as a Psychiatric Disorder’, Journal of Medical Ethics, 1992. Vol. 18. № 20. p. 94-98.
7. British Sociological Association. (2011) BSA Annual Conference 2011: 60 Years of Sociology. (09 May 2012).
8. Calvo, E. (2008/2009) Sociology of Happiness. Syllabus. Department of Sociology. Boston College. (9 May 2012).
9. Comte, A. The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte. Freely Translated and Condensed by Harriet Martineau, 2 vol. London: John Chapman, 1853.
10. Czapiński, J. Psychologia szczęścia. Przegląd badań i zarys teorii cebulowej (Psychology of Happiness. Literature Overview and the ‘Onion Theory’). Warsaw: Akademos, 1992.
11. Dantas, A.R. ‘The Social Construction of Happiness’ in ESA 10th Conference. Social Relations in Turbulent Times. Abstract Book. Geneva: University of Geneva & Swiss Sociological Association, 2011. p. 236.
12. Diener, E. & Biswas-Diener, R. Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
13. Durkheim, É. [1893] The Division of Labor in Society. Translated by Lewis A. Coser. New York: Free Press, 1997.
14. Durkheim, É. [1897] Suicide: the Study in Sociology. Translated by John A. Spaulding & George Simpson. New York: the Free Press of Glenco, 1997.
15. Feldman, F. (2008) Whole Life Satisfactions Concepts of Happiness. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, (15 March 2013).
16. Frank, R.H. Luxury Fever: Money and Happiness in an Era of Excess. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.
17. Glatzer, W. ‘Happiness: Classic Theory in the Light of Current Research’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2000. № 1. p. 501-511.
18. Haller, M. & Hadler, M. ‘How Social Relations and Structures Can Produce Happiness and Unhappiness: An International Comparative Analysis’, Social Indicators Research, 2006. № 75. p. 169-216.
19. Halpern, D. Social capital. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005.
20. Helliwell, J., Layard, R., & Sachs J. (eds.) World Happiness Report. The Earth Institute Columbia University, 2012.
21. Hochschild, A. The Managed Heart: The Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1983.
22. Hommerich, C., & Klien, S. ‘Happiness: Does Culture Matter?’, International Journal of Wellbeing, 2012. Vol. 2. № 4. p. 292-298.
23. Hughes, M.L. ‘Affect, Meaning and Quality of Life’, Social Forces, 2006. Vol. 85. № 2. p. 611-629. [doi: 10.1353/sof.2007.0009].
24. Hyman, L. (2009) ‘A Sociology of Happiness: Reflections and Perceptions. Abstract’, 9th Conference of European Sociological Association. Lisbon 2-5 September, (19 March 2013).
25. Hyman, L., & Patulny, R. ‘’Generalised’ or ‘particularised’ happiness measures? Implications for time diary research into happiness’, International Conference on Policies for Happiness, The University of Siena, Italy, 2007.
26. Illouz, E. ‘Who Will Care for the Caretaker’s Daughter? Towards a Sociology of Happiness in the Era of Reflexive Modernity’, Theory, Culture & Society, 1997. Vol. 14. № 4. p. 31-66.
27. Illouz, E. Saving the Modern Soul: Therapy, Emotions, and the Culture of Self-Help. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.
28. Illouz, E. Cold Intimacies: The Making of Emotional Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007.
29. Inglehart, R., Foa, R., Peterson, Ch., & Welzel, Ch. (2008) ‘Development, Freedom, and Rising Happiness. A Global Perspective (1981-2007)’, Association for Psychological Sciences. Vol. 3. № 4. p. 264-285.
30. James, O. The Selfish Capitalist. London: Vermilion, 2008.
31. Jugureanu, A., & Hughes, J. (October 14, 2010) ‘Lay Theories and the Cultural Contingency of Happiness’, ESA Research Network Sociology of Culture Midterm Conference: Culture and the Making of Worlds, (21 February 2013).
32. Kaufmann, J.-C. The Curious History of Love. Translated by David Macey. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2011.
33. Kemper, Th.D. ‘Social Relations and Emotions: A Structural Approach’ in Kemper Th.D. (ed.). Research Agendas in the Sociology of Emotions. Albany State University: New York Press, 1990. p. 207-237.
34. Kemper, Th.D. () ‘How Many Emotions are There? Wedding the Social and the Autonomic Component’, American Journal of Sociology, 1987. Vol. 93. p. 263-289.
35. Keyes, C. Sociology of Happiness. Syllabus. Emory College of Arts and Sciences. Emory University, 2010.
36. Kosaka, K. ‘Killing Many Innocent People: An Introduction to the Sociology of Wellbeing and Ill-being’ in K. Kosaka. A Sociology of Happiness. Japanese Perspectives. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 2006. p. 1-39.
37. Kosaka, K. (ed.) A Sociology of Happiness. Japanese Perspectives. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 2006.
38. Kroll, Ch. (2011) Towards Sociology of Happiness. The Case of an Age Perspective on the Social Context of Well-Being. Working Paper. London School of Economics. http:// ssrn.com/abstract=1809833 (7 March 2013).
39. Lyubomirsky, S. The How of Happiness: A Scientific Approach to Getting the Life You Want. New York: Penguin Press, 2008.
40. Martineau, H. How to Observe Morals and Manners. London: Charles Knight, 1838.
41. Mills, Ch.W. The Sociological Imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959.
42. Morral, P. Sociology and Health. An Introduction. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2009.
43. Myers, D.G., & Diener, E. Who is happy? Psychological Science, 1995. № 6. p. 10-19.
44. Nettle, D. Happiness. The Science Behind Your Smile. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
45. Neves, C.M. ‘Optimism, Pessimism, and Hope in Durkheim’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2003. № 4. p. 169-183.
46. Plé, B. ‘Auguste Comte on Positivism and Happiness’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2000. № 1. p. 423-445.
47. Putnam, R.D. Bowling Alone: the Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2000.
48. Rancew-Sikora, D., Dowgiałło, B. ‘What can we squeeze out from people’s stores about happy moments?’ in: ESA 10th Conference. Social Relations in Turbulent Times. Abstract Book. Geneva: University of Geneva & Swiss Sociological Association, 2011. p. 236.
49. Scott, J. (2005) ‘Sociology and Its Others: Reflections on Disciplinary Specialisation and Fragmentation’, Sociological Research Online. Vol. 10. Issue 1 (15 March 2013).
50. Seligman, M. Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being. New York: Free Press, 2011.
51. Simmel, G. [1893] ‘The Metropolis and Mental Life’ in The Sociology of George Simmel. Adapted by D. Weinstein from Kurt Wolff (Trans.). New York: Free Press, 1950. p. 409-424.
52. Sorokin, P. (1950) ‘Your Family — the Key to Happiness’, The American Magazine. November. № 21. p. 118-121, (22 February 2013).
53. Sorokin, P. ‘Sotsiologicheski progress i printsip schastya (Sociological Progress and the Principal of Happiness) in A.Yu. Sogomonov (ed.). Chelovek, tsyvilizatsiya, obschestvo (Man, civilisation, society). M.: Moskovski rabochi, 1992. p. 507-512.
54. Sorokin, P. Society, Culture, and Personality. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947.
55. Sorokin, P. (1950a) Altruistic Love. Boston: Bacon Press.
56. Sorokin, P. The Ways and Power of Love. Boston: Bacon Press, 1954.
57. Tatarkiewicz, W. (1962/1976) O szczęściu (Analysis of Happiness). Warsaw: PWN.
58. Thomas, W.I. & Znaniecki, F. (1958) ‘Methodological Note’, in Part I: Primary Group Organization of The Polish Peasant in Europe and America I, New York: Dover Publications, p. 1-86, The Mead Project (4 March 2013).
59. Turner, J.H. On the Origins of Human Emotions: A Sociological Inquiry into the Evolution of Human Affect. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000.
60. Turner, J.H., & Stets, J.E. The Sociology of Emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
61. Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit V., Kitayama Sh. ‘Cultural Constructions of Happiness: Theory and Empirical Evidence’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2004. № 5. p. 223-239.
62. Veenhoven, R. (2006) Sociology’s Blind Eye for Happiness. Paper presented at the 16th World Congress of Sociology 2006, Durban, South Africa (9 May 2012).
63. Veenhoven, R. (2007) Quality-of-life Research in Bryant C.D. & Peck D.L. 21st Century Sociology. A Reference Handbook. Vol. 2. California: SAGE. p. 54-62 (1 March 2013).
64. Veenhoven, R. (2008) ‘Sociological Theories of Subjective Well-Being’ in M. Eid & R. Larsen (eds.) The Science of Subjective Well-Being: A Tribute to Ed Diener. New York: Guilford Publications. p. 44-61, (1 March 2013).
65. Veenhoven, R. Introduction. „Journal of Happiness Studies”, 2000. № 1. p. 419-421.
66. Vowinckel, G. ‘Happiness in Durkheim’s Sociological Policy of Morals’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2000. № 1. p. 447-464.
67. Warr, P. Work, Happiness and Unhappiness. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2007.
68. World Database Of Happiness. Available at: worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl
69. Zingerle, A. ‘Simmel on Happiness’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2000. № 1. p. 465-477
References
1. Annas, J. ‘Happiness as Achievement’. Daedalus. 2004. Vol. 133. №
2. p. 44-51. 2. Bartram, D. (2011) Elements of a Sociological Contribution to Happiness Studies: Social Context, Unintended Consequences, and Discourses. Department of Sociology, University of Leicester, (22 February 2013).
3. Bauman, Z. ‘Ethics of Individuals’, Canadian Journal of Sociology. 2000. Vol. 25. № 1. p. 83-96.
4. Bauman, Z. ‘Happiness in a Society of Individuals’. Soundings. 1 April, 2008. p. 19-28.
5. Bauman, Z. The Art Of Life. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008.
6. Bentall, R. ‘A Proposal to Classify Happiness as a Psychiatric Disorder’, Journal of Medical Ethics, 1992. Vol. 18. № 20. p. 94-98.
7. British Sociological Association. (2011) BSA Annual Conference 2011: 60 Years of Sociology. (09 May 2012).
8. Calvo, E. (2008/2009) Sociology of Happiness. Syllabus. Department of Sociology. Boston College. (9 May 2012).
9. Comte, A. The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte. Freely Translated and Condensed by Harriet Martineau, 2 vol. London: John Chapman, 1853.
10. Czapiński, J. Psychologia szczęścia. Przegląd badań i zarys teorii cebulowej (Psychology of Happiness. Literature Overview and the ‘Onion Theory’). Warsaw: Akademos, 1992.
11. Dantas, A.R. ‘The Social Construction of Happiness’ in ESA 10th Conference. Social Relations in Turbulent Times. Abstract Book. Geneva: University of Geneva & Swiss Sociological Association, 2011. p. 236.
12. Diener, E. & Biswas-Diener, R. Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
13. Durkheim, É. [1893] The Division of Labor in Society. Translated by Lewis A. Coser. New York: Free Press, 1997.
14. Durkheim, É. [1897] Suicide: the Study in Sociology. Translated by John A. Spaulding & George Simpson. New York: the Free Press of Glenco, 1997.
15. Feldman, F. (2008) Whole Life Satisfactions Concepts of Happiness. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, (15 March 2013).
16. Frank, R.H. Luxury Fever: Money and Happiness in an Era of Excess. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.
17. Glatzer, W. ‘Happiness: Classic Theory in the Light of Current Research’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2000. № 1. p. 501-511.
18. Haller, M. & Hadler, M. ‘How Social Relations and Structures Can Produce Happiness and Unhappiness: An International Comparative Analysis’, Social Indicators Research, 2006. № 75. p. 169-216.
19. Halpern, D. Social capital. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005.
20. Helliwell, J., Layard, R., & Sachs J. (eds.) World Happiness Report. The Earth Institute Columbia University, 2012.
21. Hochschild, A. The Managed Heart: The Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1983.
22. Hommerich, C., & Klien, S. ‘Happiness: Does Culture Matter?’, International Journal of Wellbeing, 2012. Vol. 2. № 4. p. 292-298.
23. Hughes, M.L. ‘Affect, Meaning and Quality of Life’, Social Forces, 2006. Vol. 85. № 2. p. 611-629. [doi: 10.1353/sof.2007.0009].
24. Hyman, L. (2009) ‘A Sociology of Happiness: Reflections and Perceptions. Abstract’, 9th Conference of European Sociological Association. Lisbon 2-5 September, (19 March 2013).
25. Hyman, L., & Patulny, R. ‘’Generalised’ or ‘particularised’ happiness measures? Implications for time diary research into happiness’, International Conference on Policies for Happiness, The University of Siena, Italy, 2007.
26. Illouz, E. ‘Who Will Care for the Caretaker’s Daughter? Towards a Sociology of Happiness in the Era of Reflexive Modernity’, Theory, Culture & Society, 1997. Vol. 14. № 4. p. 31-66.
27. Illouz, E. Saving the Modern Soul: Therapy, Emotions, and the Culture of Self-Help. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.
28. Illouz, E. Cold Intimacies: The Making of Emotional Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007.
29. Inglehart, R., Foa, R., Peterson, Ch., & Welzel, Ch. (2008) ‘Development, Freedom, and Rising Happiness. A Global Perspective (1981-2007)’, Association for Psychological Sciences. Vol. 3. № 4. p. 264-285.
30. James, O. The Selfish Capitalist. London: Vermilion, 2008.
31. Jugureanu, A., & Hughes, J. (October 14, 2010) ‘Lay Theories and the Cultural Contingency of Happiness’, ESA Research Network Sociology of Culture Midterm Conference: Culture and the Making of Worlds, (21 February 2013).
32. Kaufmann, J.-C. The Curious History of Love. Translated by David Macey. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2011.
33. Kemper, Th.D. ‘Social Relations and Emotions: A Structural Approach’ in Kemper Th.D. (ed.). Research Agendas in the Sociology of Emotions. Albany State University: New York Press, 1990. p. 207-237.
34. Kemper, Th.D. () ‘How Many Emotions are There? Wedding the Social and the Autonomic Component’, American Journal of Sociology, 1987. Vol. 93. p. 263-289.
35. Keyes, C. Sociology of Happiness. Syllabus. Emory College of Arts and Sciences. Emory University, 2010.
36. Kosaka, K. ‘Killing Many Innocent People: An Introduction to the Sociology of Wellbeing and Ill-being’ in K. Kosaka. A Sociology of Happiness. Japanese Perspectives. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 2006. p. 1-39.
37. Kosaka, K. (ed.) A Sociology of Happiness. Japanese Perspectives. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 2006.
38. Kroll, Ch. (2011) Towards Sociology of Happiness. The Case of an Age Perspective on the Social Context of Well-Being. Working Paper. London School of Economics. http:// ssrn.com/abstract=1809833 (7 March 2013).
39. Lyubomirsky, S. The How of Happiness: A Scientific Approach to Getting the Life You Want. New York: Penguin Press, 2008.
40. Martineau, H. How to Observe Morals and Manners. London: Charles Knight, 1838.
41. Mills, Ch.W. The Sociological Imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959.
42. Morral, P. Sociology and Health. An Introduction. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2009.
43. Myers, D.G., & Diener, E. Who is happy? Psychological Science, 1995. № 6. p. 10-19.
44. Nettle, D. Happiness. The Science Behind Your Smile. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
45. Neves, C.M. ‘Optimism, Pessimism, and Hope in Durkheim’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2003. № 4. p. 169-183.
46. Plé, B. ‘Auguste Comte on Positivism and Happiness’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2000. № 1. p. 423-445.
47. Putnam, R.D. Bowling Alone: the Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2000.
48. Rancew-Sikora, D., Dowgiałło, B. ‘What can we squeeze out from people’s stores about happy moments?’ in: ESA 10th Conference. Social Relations in Turbulent Times. Abstract Book. Geneva: University of Geneva & Swiss Sociological Association, 2011. p. 236.
49. Scott, J. (2005) ‘Sociology and Its Others: Reflections on Disciplinary Specialisation and Fragmentation’, Sociological Research Online. Vol. 10. Issue 1 (15 March 2013).
50. Seligman, M. Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being. New York: Free Press, 2011.
51. Simmel, G. [1893] ‘The Metropolis and Mental Life’ in The Sociology of George Simmel. Adapted by D. Weinstein from Kurt Wolff (Trans.). New York: Free Press, 1950. p. 409-424.
52. Sorokin, P. (1950) ‘Your Family — the Key to Happiness’, The American Magazine. November. № 21. p. 118-121, (22 February 2013).
53. Sorokin, P. ‘Sotsiologicheski progress i printsip schastya (Sociological Progress and the Principal of Happiness) in A.Yu. Sogomonov (ed.). Chelovek, tsyvilizatsiya, obschestvo (Man, civilisation, society). M.: Moskovski rabochi, 1992. p. 507-512.
54. Sorokin, P. Society, Culture, and Personality. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947.
55. Sorokin, P. (1950a) Altruistic Love. Boston: Bacon Press.
56. Sorokin, P. The Ways and Power of Love. Boston: Bacon Press, 1954.
57. Tatarkiewicz, W. (1962/1976) O szczęściu (Analysis of Happiness). Warsaw: PWN.
58. Thomas, W.I. & Znaniecki, F. (1958) ‘Methodological Note’, in Part I: Primary Group Organization of The Polish Peasant in Europe and America I, New York: Dover Publications, p. 1-86, The Mead Project (4 March 2013).
59. Turner, J.H. On the Origins of Human Emotions: A Sociological Inquiry into the Evolution of Human Affect. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000.
60. Turner, J.H., & Stets, J.E. The Sociology of Emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
61. Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit V., Kitayama Sh. ‘Cultural Constructions of Happiness: Theory and Empirical Evidence’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2004. № 5. p. 223-239.
62. Veenhoven, R. (2006) Sociology’s Blind Eye for Happiness. Paper presented at the 16th World Congress of Sociology 2006, Durban, South Africa (9 May 2012).
63. Veenhoven, R. (2007) Quality-of-life Research in Bryant C.D. & Peck D.L. 21st Century Sociology. A Reference Handbook. Vol. 2. California: SAGE. p. 54-62 (1 March 2013).
64. Veenhoven, R. (2008) ‘Sociological Theories of Subjective Well-Being’ in M. Eid & R. Larsen (eds.) The Science of Subjective Well-Being: A Tribute to Ed Diener. New York: Guilford Publications. p. 44-61, (1 March 2013).
65. Veenhoven, R. Introduction. „Journal of Happiness Studies”, 2000. № 1. p. 419-421.
66. Vowinckel, G. ‘Happiness in Durkheim’s Sociological Policy of Morals’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2000. № 1. p. 447-464.
67. Warr, P. Work, Happiness and Unhappiness. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2007.
68. World Database Of Happiness. Available at: worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl
69. Zingerle, A. ‘Simmel on Happiness’, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2000. № 1. p. 465-477
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