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Яник А.А., Попова С.М. Изменения в системе государственного управления наукой в Соединенном Королевстве после референдума о выходе из Европейского союза

Аннотация: Предметом исследования являются текущие изменения в системе государственного управления наукой в Соединенном Королевстве. В статье представлены результаты анализа основных направлений перемен в организации управления научным развитием, стратегических документах и общих представлениях нового британского правительства о принципах и методах государственного менеджмента в этой сфере после референдума о выходе страны из состава Европейского Союза. Современный британский опыт представляет интерес для России с точки зрения оценки эффективности курса на расширение «присутствия» государства в науке, избранной правительством Т. Мэй в качестве инструмента профилактики рисков, связанных с последствиями Брексита. Для решения поставленных задач применялись общелогические методы научного исследования, сравнительно-правовой и сравнительно-исторический анализ, системный и структурно-функциональный подходы. Сделан вывод о негативном влиянии Брексита на международные проекты британских ученых, на перспективы развития глобальной конкурентоспособности британской науки, а также на темпы реализации планов Соединенного Королевства по достижению статуса лидера инноваций (сейчас страна входит во «второй эшелон» стран по уровню инновационного развития). В ситуации масштабных внешних и внутренних перемен эффективность курса на дальнейшую централизацию системы управления развитием науки и инноваций представляется неочевидной.

Ключевые слова:

Инновационная экономика, Инновация, Стратегия развития, Управление наукой, Наука, Европейский Союз, Соединенное Королевство, Исследования и разработки, Политика, Промышленная стратегия

Abstract:   The subject of this research is the current changes in the system of state administration for science in the United Kingdom. The article provided the results of the analysis of the main directions of changed in organization of administration for scientific development, strategic documents, and general ideas of the new British government regarding the principles and methods of state management in this sphere after the referendum on the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. The modern British experience represents interest for Russia from the perspective of the assessment of efficiency of the vector for expansion of the government’s “presence” in science, selected by T. May’s government as a risk prevention took associated with the consequences of Brexit. The conclusion is made about the negative impact of Brexit upon the international projects of British Scholars, prospects of development of the global competitiveness of British science, as well as the rates of implementation of UK’s plans on achieving the status of the leader of innovations (currently the country is in the “second echelon” on the level of innovation development). In situation of the large-scale external and domestic changes, the efficiency of the course towards further centralization of the system of state administration for science and innovations is not quite evident.  

Keywords:

Innovation Economy, Innovation, Development strategy, Science governance, Science, European Union, United Kingdom, Research and development, Policy, Industrial Strategy


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