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Политика и Общество
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Нелаева Г.А. Участие эпистемического сообщества в решении проблемы изнасилований в вооруженных конфликтах: деятельность медицинских неправительственных организаций

Аннотация: Термин «эпистемические сообщества» нередко используется в научной литературе при анализе деятельности экспертов и их влияния на политические процессы. Предметом исследования являются эпистемические сообщества медиков (в первую очередь, гинекологов), занимающихся работой с жертвами изнасилований в вооруженных конфликтах на примере немецкой организации из Кёльна (медика мондиале). Важным представляется не только анализ деятельности экспертов-медиков, но и степень их влияния на международные уголовные процессы, занимающиеся рассмотрением изнасилований (в частности, процессы в Международном трибунале по бывшей Югославии). Путем анализа речей участников международных медицинских НПО, отчетов организации медика мондиале, уставных документов организации делается попытка проследить принципы организации и степень участия в международных уголовных процессах. Несмотря на то, что существует значительное количество исследований эпистемических сообществ (в частности, применительно к международным экологическим процессам или интеграции в рамках Европейского союза), анализ эпистемических сообществ применительно к проблеме изнасилований как международных преступлений отсутствует. В статье делается вывод о том, что несмотря на то, что вклад экспертов-медиков в борьбу с таким явлением как изнасилования нельзя недооценивать, большее вовлечение в политику и более тесное сотрудничество с юридическими экспертными сетями могло бы стать важным шагом на пути преодоления безнаказанности за совершение подобных преступлений.


Ключевые слова:

эпистемические сообщества, изнасилования, , медика мондиале, международные трибуналы, международное право, международные неправительственные организации, преступления сексуального характера, международное уголовное правосудие, МТБЮ, эксперты

Abstract:       The term of “epistemic community” is often used in the scientific literature in analyzing the work of experts and their influence upon the political processes. The subject of this research is the epistemic communities of the healthcare workers (first and foremost gynecologists) involved into the work with the victims of rape during the armed conflicts, based on the example of the German organization from Cologne (medica mondiale). The importance of this topic consists not only in the analysis of the work of the expert medical workers, but also the level of their influence on the international criminal processes that deal with sexual violence (particularly, processes in the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia). Despite the fact that there is a significant amount of researches on the epistemic communities (for example,  with regards to the international environmental processes or integration within the framework of the European Union), the analysis of epistemic communities pertaining to the problem of sexual assaults as international crimes is absent. The author concludes that although the expert healthcare workers make a significant contribution into the fight of such phenomenon as sexual violations, their closer cooperation with the legal expert networks could become an important step in overcoming the impunity for commission of such crimes.       International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia


Keywords:

epistemicheskie soobshchestva, iznasilovaniya, , medika mondiale, mezhdunarodnye tribunaly, mezhdunarodnoe pravo, mezhdunarodnoe ugolovnoe pravosudie, MTBYu, eksperty


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Библиография
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