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Аристов Е.В. Дефиниция и многоаспектность понятия бедности

Аннотация: Предметом исследования является формирование понятия бедность как в научном, так и в нормативном смыслах. Автор рассматривает такие аспекты темы как депривация и аллевиация бедности. Особое внимание уделяется объему понятия бедности в историческом ракурсе, начиная с конца XVII века до наших дней. Автор анализирует мнение зарубежных исследователей по вопросу бедности, виды бедности, существующей у различных индивидов. Рассматриваются отличия крайней бедности от хронической бедности, способы и методы оценки бедности. Методологическую основу статьи составляет диалектический метод и базирующаяся на нем система общенаучных и частнонаучных методов. Для достоверности исследования были использованы логический метод и методы научного анализа и синтеза. Основными выводами проведенного исследования являются разноплановое понимание феномена бедности. Новизна исследования заключается в исследовании таких понятий как "крайняя бедность", "хроническая бедность", "депривация бедности", "аллевиация бедности". Особым вкладом автора в является исследование содержания понятия и онтологии бедности не только с позиций научной юридической литературы, но и также с позиций публичных органов власти и международных организаций.

Ключевые слова:

понятие бедности, онтология бедности, депривация, аллевиация, явление бедности, виды бедности, категории бедности населенич, детская бедность, оценка бедности, крайняя бедность

Abstract: The subject of this research is the formation of the concept of poverty in both, the scientific and normative senses. The author reviews such aspects of the topic as deprivation and alleviation of poverty. A special attention is given to the content of the concept of poverty within historical perspective, beginning with the late until today. The author analyzes the opinions of foreign researches on the issue of poverty, as well as the types of poverty among various individuals. The distinction between the extreme poverty and the chronic poverty, as well as the means and methods of assessment of poverty are being examined. The main conclusion consists in the different aspects of understanding of the phenomenon of poverty. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the research of such definitions as “extreme poverty”, “chronic poverty”, “deprivation of poverty”, and “alleviation of poverty”. Author’s main contribution into this work is the examination of the content and ontology of the concept of poverty not only from the position of scientific and juridical literature, but also from the standpoint of public authorities and international organizations.

Keywords:

Concept of poverty, Ontology of poverty, Deprivation, Alleviation, Phenomenon of poverty, Types of poverty, Categories of poverty, Child poverty, Assessment of poverty, Extreme poverty


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Библиография
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2. Human Rights and Poverty Reduction: A Conceptual Framework / Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. – New York: United Nations, 2004. – 36 p.
3. National action plan for social inclusion 2007–2016 / Government of Ireland – 100 p. – P. 20.
4. Norton S.W., Gwartney J.D. Economic Freedom and World Poverty // Economic Freedom of the World: 2008 Annual Report. – Vancouver: Fraser Institute, 2008. – 204 p. – P. 23–40.
5. Lines T. Making Poverty: A history. – London: Zed Books, 2008. –166 p.
6. What is poverty and social exclusion? / The Social Inclusion Division of Ireland.
7. Poverty Reduction Begins with Children / The United Nations Children’s Fund. – New York: UNICEF, 2000. – 50 p.
8. Loewen G. A Compendium of Poverty Reduction Strategies and Frameworks. – Waterloo: Tamarack – An Institute for Community Engagement, 2009. – 39 p.
9. Sengupta A. Human Rights and Extreme Poverty: An Economist’s Perspective // Freedom from Poverty as a Human Right. Vol. 3 / Ed. by B.A. Andreassen, S.P. Marks, A.K. Sengupta. – Paris: UNESCO, 2010. – 358 p. – P. 293–318.
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