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Саврыга К.П. Правомерность целевых убийств в международном праве: международное гуманитарное право и права человека

Аннотация: В настоящей статье рассматривается одна из наиболее спорных государственных практик, используемых в настоящее время для войны с терроризмом, а именно целевое убийство. Автором рассматривается соответствие указного явления международному гуманитарному право и международному праву прав человека в связи с целевыми убийствами во время военных конфликтов и полицейских и иных операций соответственно. Рассматривая в первой части работы право военных конфликтов, автор анализирует правовой статус различных участников и общие ограничения, предъявляемые к применению силы во время военного конфликта. Во второй части исследования, рассматривая пределы защиты права на жизнь, автор выводит требования, которые должны быть соблюдены при лишении жизни. Для достижения указанной цели проводится анализх многочисленных решений международных судов и трибуналов, имевших дело с правом на жизнь. Автор приходит к выводу о соответствии практики целевых убийств нормам международного права, однако в то же время данная практика является субъектом ограничения со стороны ряда принципов международного права военных конфликтов, таких как пропорциональность, военная необходимость, осторожность, а также в части регулирования использования методов и способов ведения войны и международного права прав человека, в части защиты права на жизнь и запрета на ее умышленное или произвольное лишение. Автор отрицает существование иных оснований легализации целевых убийств, нежели те, что изложены в нормах международного гуманитарного права и права прав человека.


Ключевые слова:

борьба с терроризмом, лишение жизни, права человека, право прав человека, международное гуманитарное право, международное право, целевые убийства, право на жизнь, право вооруженных конфликтов, комбатанты

Abstract: This article examines one of the most controversial state practices currently used in the war against terrorism, namely the targeted killing. The author assesses the correspondence of this phenomenon with international humanitarian law and international law of human rights pertaining to targeted killings during military conflicts and law enforcement operations. In the first part of the research, the author reviews the law of military conflicts and analyzes the legal status of various parties and the general limitations with regards to use of force during a military conflict. In the second part of the research, in analyzing the limits of the protection of the right to life, the author underlines the requirements that should be met before taking a life. The author comes to the conclusion that the practice of targeted killing corresponds with the norms of international law, but at the same time this practice remains subject to limitations from a number of principles in international law on armed conflicts such as proportionality, military necessity, caution, as well as the regulation of the use of methods and means of warfare and international law on human rights, particularly the protection of the right to life and prohibition of intentional or willful taking of life. The author rejects the existence of any other grounds for legalization of targeted killings other than those expressed within the norms of international humanitarian law and law on human rights.

Keywords:

law of armed conflicts, right to life, targeted killing, international law, international humanitarian law, law on human rights, human rights, taking of life, war on terror, combatants


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