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Право и политика
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Н. Л. Бальзамова Правовой статус граждан третьих стран, обращающихся для получения убежища на территории Европейского Союза

Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются вопросы о правовом положении беженцев в ЕС. Основной акцент сделан на исследовании нормативной базы, устанавливающей минимальные стандарты для предоставления статуса беженца. Создание Единой европейской системы предоставления убежища является залогом дальнейшего развития законодательства ЕС о беженцах, а также его эффективного функционирования. Рассмотрен статус лиц, пользующихся временной защитой, а также вопрос о минимальных стандартах предоставления такой защиты, в случае массового притока перемещенных лиц, а также о мерах по разделению нагрузки между государствами-членами. Особо выделяются критерии определения государства-члена, ответственного за рассмотрение ходатайства о предоставлении убежища, а также установление разумных сроков каждой стадии рассмотрения ходатайства и недопустимость злоупотреблений при рассмотрении ходатайства.

Ключевые слова:

юриспруденция, граждане третьих стран, беженец, предоставление статуса беженца, единая европейская система предоставления убежища, условия предоставления статуса беженца в ЕС, предоставление временной защиты, статус беженца, убежище, временная защита.

Abstract: The legal status of asylum-seekers in EU is analyzed in this article. Much attention is paid to the legal basis laying down minimum standards for the reception of asylum seekers. The conditions of establishment and functioning of the Common European Asylum System are analyzed. Signifi cant attention is paid to the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State, which is responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national. The article also concerns minimum standards on procedures in Member States for granting and withdrawing refugee status and minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass infl ux of displaced persons.

Keywords:

third-country national; Refugee; asylum; asylum-seeker; common European asylum system; conditions fo


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Библиография
1. Geneva Convention relating to the status of Refugees (adopted 28 July 1951) (Refugee Convention)
2. Международное публичное право: учеб. / Л.П. Ануфриева, К.А. Бекяшев, Е.Г. Моисеев, В.В. Устинов [и др.];
3. отв. ред. К.А. Бекяшев. – 5-е изд., перераб. и доп. – М.: Проспект, 2009. – 1008 с.
4. Council Directive 2003/9/EC of 27 January 2003 laying down minimum standards for the reception of asylum seekers
5. // OJ L 31, p. 18, 6.2.2003
6. Council Regulation (EC) No 343/2003 of 18 February 2003 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the
7. Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country
8. national // OJ L 50, p. 1, 25.2.2003
9. EU External Relations and systems of Governance. The CFSP, Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and Migration. Paul
10. James Cardwell. Routledge/ London 2010
11. European Council, “Presidency Conclusions” (Tampere, 1999)
12. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economical and Social
13. Committee and the Committee of Regions “Policy plan on asylum. An integrated approach to protection across the
14. EU”, Brussels, 17.6.2008, COM(2008) 360 fi nal
15. Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a
16. mass infl ux of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving
17. such persons and bearing the consequences thereof // OJ L 212, 7.8.2001
18. Council Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004 on minimum standards for the qualifi cation and status of third country
19. nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and the content of
20. the protection granted // OJ L 304, p.12, 30.9.2004
21. Council Directive 2005/85/EC of 1 December 2005 on minimum standards on procedures in Member States for granting
22. and withdrawing refugee status // OJ L 326, p. 13, 13.12.2005
23. Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in event of mass
24. infl ux of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such
25. persons and bearing the consequences thereof // OJ L 212, p.12, 7.8.2001
26. Council Directive 2003/86/EC of 22 September 2003 on the right to family reunifi cation // OJ L 251, p. 12, 3.10.2003
27. Green paper on the future Common European Asylum System, Brussels, 6.6.2007 // COM(2007) 301 fi nal
28. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social
29. Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 17 June 2008 – Policy Plan on Asylum: An integrated approach to
30. protection across the EU // COM(2008) 360 fi nal – Not published in the Offi cial Journal
31. European Pact on Immigration and Asylum, Brussels, 24 September 2008 (07.10)
32. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social
33. Committee and the Committee of the Regions Delivering an area of freedom, security and justice for Europe’s citizens
34. Action Plan Implementing the Stockholm Programme, Brussels, 20.4.2010 // COM(2010) 171 fi nal
References
1. Geneva Convention relating to the status of Refugees (adopted 28 July 1951) (Refugee Convention)
2. Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe pravo: ucheb. / L.P. Anufrieva, K.A. Bekyashev, E.G. Moiseev, V.V. Ustinov [i dr.];
3. otv. red. K.A. Bekyashev. – 5-e izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: Prospekt, 2009. – 1008 s.
4. Council Directive 2003/9/EC of 27 January 2003 laying down minimum standards for the reception of asylum seekers
5. // OJ L 31, p. 18, 6.2.2003
6. Council Regulation (EC) No 343/2003 of 18 February 2003 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the
7. Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country
8. national // OJ L 50, p. 1, 25.2.2003
9. EU External Relations and systems of Governance. The CFSP, Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and Migration. Paul
10. James Cardwell. Routledge/ London 2010
11. European Council, “Presidency Conclusions” (Tampere, 1999)
12. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economical and Social
13. Committee and the Committee of Regions “Policy plan on asylum. An integrated approach to protection across the
14. EU”, Brussels, 17.6.2008, COM(2008) 360 fi nal
15. Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a
16. mass infl ux of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving
17. such persons and bearing the consequences thereof // OJ L 212, 7.8.2001
18. Council Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004 on minimum standards for the qualifi cation and status of third country
19. nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and the content of
20. the protection granted // OJ L 304, p.12, 30.9.2004
21. Council Directive 2005/85/EC of 1 December 2005 on minimum standards on procedures in Member States for granting
22. and withdrawing refugee status // OJ L 326, p. 13, 13.12.2005
23. Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in event of mass
24. infl ux of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such
25. persons and bearing the consequences thereof // OJ L 212, p.12, 7.8.2001
26. Council Directive 2003/86/EC of 22 September 2003 on the right to family reunifi cation // OJ L 251, p. 12, 3.10.2003
27. Green paper on the future Common European Asylum System, Brussels, 6.6.2007 // COM(2007) 301 fi nal
28. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social
29. Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 17 June 2008 – Policy Plan on Asylum: An integrated approach to
30. protection across the EU // COM(2008) 360 fi nal – Not published in the Offi cial Journal
31. European Pact on Immigration and Asylum, Brussels, 24 September 2008 (07.10)
32. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social
33. Committee and the Committee of the Regions Delivering an area of freedom, security and justice for Europe’s citizens
34. Action Plan Implementing the Stockholm Programme, Brussels, 20.4.2010 // COM(2010) 171 fi nal
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