Аннотация: The research subject is the detection of the typical age, socio-cultural and individual characteristics of the social situation of development of a modern teenager, on the basis of conceptual regulations of the cultural and historical psychology on the dynamics of a child’s mental development. The methodological and practical value of Vygotsky’s concept of «social situation of development» is substantiated. On the basis of the analysis of researches by domestic psychologists, directed on the identification of the substantial structure of the social situation of development, the author designates objective and subjective components of the social situation of development. There with, the special role of a subjective component of the social situation of the development defining the personality activity degree concerning the environment influences is accented. The results of the theoretical analysis of a social context, and also of subjective aspects of the social situation of development of modern teenagers, are presented. It is noted that the main age-typical characteristics of the social situation of development of a teenager are aspirations to join the outside world of adults and agemates, and behaviour orientation to norms and values of this world. The socio-cultural characteristics of the social situation of development of a modern teenager are caused by the influence of numerous factors, mainly those of negative content. Individual factors of the development of teenagers also quite often have negative psychological content. That is confirmed by the author, from examples of the content analysis of the social situation of development of teenagers without parental support, teenagers with deviant behaviour and teenagers with endowments signs. The conclusion of the need for the optimization of the social situation of development of a modern teenager is drawn.

Ключевые слова: cultural and historical psychology, social situation of development, development source, teenager, age-typical characteristics, socio-cultural changes, teenagers of a «risk group», orphan teenagers, deviant teenagers, endowed teenagers.

Контактная информация: Aron Irina Stanislavovna, 424000, Russia, Ioshkar-Ola, 3 Lenina str.

Библиография:
Vygotsky L.S., 1984. Works in 6 volumes. Мoscow: Pedagogics. V.4. Children’s Psychology, 432p
Д.Л. Кущенко. Становление правосознания в подростковом и юношеском возрасте // Психология и Психотехника. – 2012. – №
– С. 104-107. 3. А.А. Дзицоев. Нравственно-половое воспитание детей и подростков в семье и школе // Психология и Психотехника. – 2010. – № 8. – С. 104-107.
А.С. Поляков. Факторы успешной деятельности учителя при работе с учениками старших классов // Психология и Психотехника. – 2012. – № 3. – С. 104-107.
С.А. Шемшурина. Формирование краеведческой компетенции подростков в дополнительном образовании. // Психология и Психотехника. – 2011. – № 1. – С. 104-107
Попова А.В., Тарасова С.М. Student’s social adaptation in modern cross-cultural conditions // NB: Психология и психотехника. - 2013. - 5. - C. 46 - 60. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0425.2013.5.9461. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_9461.html
Уддин М.. Personal and motivational aspects of students studying in traditional face-to-face system and distance education system // Психология и Психотехника. - 2014. - 2. - C. 192 - 200. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.2.10932.

References (transliteration):
Vygotsky L.S., 1984. Works in 6 volumes. Moscow: Pedagogics. V.4. Children’s Psychology, 432p
D.L. Kushchenko. Stanovlenie pravosoznaniya v podrostkovom i yunosheskom vozraste // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. – 2012. – №
– S. 104-107. 3. A.A. Dzitsoev. Nravstvenno-polovoe vospitanie detey i podrostkov v sem'e i shkole // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. – 2010. – № 8. – S. 104-107.
A.S. Polyakov. Faktory uspeshnoy deyatel'nosti uchitelya pri rabote s uchenikami starshikh klassov // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. – 2012. – № 3. – S. 104-107.
S.A. Shemshurina. Formirovanie kraevedcheskoy kompetentsii podrostkov v dopolnitel'nom obrazovanii. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. – 2011. – № 1. – S. 104-107
Popova A.V., Tarasova S.M. Student’s social adaptation in modern cross-cultural conditions // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 5. - C. 46 - 60. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0425.2013.5.9461. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_9461.html
Uddin M.. Personal and motivational aspects of students studying in traditional face-to-face system and distance education system // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2014. - 2. - C. 192 - 200. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.2.10932.

Аннотация: 1. The psychoanalysis ideas of the early twentieth century in Russia had been distributed among a wide range of professionals; psychoanalytic concepts of S. Freud and his followers had been used by Russian doctors, teachers and psychologists for the systematic investigation of children in order to study their early mental development and the process of their socialization.2. Understanding of the child\’s mental life in its foundations in the study of Russian psychoanalysts such as M. Wolf, I.D. Ermakov, V.F. Schmidt, S. Spielrein, etc. does not contradict the cultural-historical theory ideas of L.S. Vygotsky. The shift of focus towards the child\’s constitutional development study is balanced by the analysts understanding of the environment creation necessary for their socialization, and practical recommendations for teachers and educators. 3. Many ideas of Russian analysts regarding the child\’s development anticipated the ideas of Western ones, but they were interrupted by the historical conditions of Russia development in the 1920s. 4. Social and cultural conditions in Russia of the 1920s and 1930s prevented psychoanalytic ideas developing further because of the acute demands of reality: the country\’s social situation crisis, the necessity to develop fast effective psychological means of help for a child and a teacher, the lack of the required number of experts in this field, a large number of children and other problems.5. The restoration and interpretation of Russian psychoanalysts\’ ideas in the 1920s in the field of childhood are important for modern researchers. On the basis of this material they understand the uniqueness of the historical development path of domestic psychological knowledge about a child and the introduction of psychoanalytic ideas in the field of child development into the modern psychological knowledge circulation.

Ключевые слова: child’s mental life, psychoanalysis ideas, socialization, teachers, educators, social conditions, cultural conditions, psychoanalytic ideas, child, Russia.

Контактная информация: Paramonova Anzhela Anatolievna, 105082, Russia, Moscow, Bolshoi Drovynoi pereulok, 17/2.

Библиография:
1. Angelini, A. Psychoanalysis in Russia. From predecessors to the 1930s / Translated from Italian. – Moscow:
ARIO, 2002. – 340p.
2. Belkin, A.I., Litvinov, A.V. The history of psychoanalysis in Soviet Russia. // Russian Psychoanalytic Journal. –
1992. – № 2. – P. 9–33
3. Child analysis and therapy / Edited by Jules Glenn. –London, Karnak, 1978. – 812p.
4. Child analysis today / Edited by Luis Rodriguez de la Sierra/ –London, N.Y.: Karnak, 2004. – 116p.
5. Ermakov, I.D. Child’s organic knowledge experience / under the scientific editorship of S.F. Sirotkin. – Izhevsk,
2009. – 488p.
6. Ermakov, I.D. Archive materials about the Experimental home «International Solidarity.» (The personal archive
of Davydova M.P.)
7. Ellenberger, G.F. The discovery of the unconscious. Part.II. The therapeutic systems of late XIX-early XX century.
– St. Petersburg.: Publishing House «Janus», 2004. – 668p.
8. Freud, S. Psychoanalysis of a child phobia (The analysis of a phobia in a five-year old boy). – M., 1913–150p.
9. Freud, S. Essays on the psychology of sexuality. / Transl. by Prof. M.V. Wolf and introd. by I.D. Ermakov. – M.:
MC «System» at MC VLKSM, 1990. – 112p.
10. Geissmann, C.& Geissmann,, P. A history of child psychoanalysis. – London, New York, 1998. – 491p.
11. Handbook of child psychoanalysis: Research, theory and practice / Wolman, B.B. (Ed.) – Van Nostrand Remhold
Company: New York, 1996. – 644p.
12. Heinz, P. Works of Sigmund Freud. Introduction to Freud’s work. [Text]. // Encyclopedia of depth psychology.
V.I Sigmund Freud: Life, work, heritage. / Transl. from Germ. – M.: Cogito-Center, 2001. – P. 17–31.
13. Leibin, V.M. The fortune of psychoanalysis in Russia. [Text]. // Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis in Russia:
S. Freud works on psychoanalysis. – Voronezh: MODEK, 2000. – 386p.
14. Leibin, V.M. Psychoanalysis, Jung, Russia. [Text]. // Russian Psychoanalytic journal– 1992. – № 2. – P. 45–53.
15. Ovcharenko, V.I. The history of Russian psychoanalysis and problems of its periodization // Archetype. Philosophic
Psychoanalytic journal. – 1996. – № 3–4. – P.145–150.
16. Ovcharenko ,V.I. The first century of Russian psychoanalysis // Psychoanalytic reporter. – 2003. – № 11. – P. 39–59;
17. Ovcharenko, V.I. Destiny of Sabina Spielrein // Russian Psychoanalytic Journal. –1992.–№ 2. – P. 64–70.
18. Ovcharenko, V.I. The history of Russian psychoanalysis and problems of its periodization // Archetype. Philosophic
Psychoanalytic journal. – 1996. – № 3–4. – P.145–150.
19. Ovcharenko, V.I., Leybin V.M. Anthology of Russian psychoanalysis in 2 volumes-M., MPSI, Flinta, 1999. – p.
844, p. 864.
20. Paramonova, A.A. Idei russkikh psikhoanalitikov 1920–kh godov o razvitii rebenka v kontekste vzglyadov
sovremennogo detskogo psikhoanaliza // Ezhegodnik detskogo psikhoanaliza i psikhoanaliticheskoy pedagogiki.
– Izhevsk: ERGO. – 2009. – S. 90–101.
21. Paramonova, A.A. Otkrytie detstva v Rossii: Razvitie nauchnogo znaniya o rebenke v istorii otechestvennoy
psikhologii kontsa XIX – nachala XX vv. Izhevsk: ERGO, 2010. – 172 s.
22. Paramonova, A.A. Detskiy psikhoanaliz v Rossii: vchera, segodnya, zavtra. Bibliografiya nauchnykh istochnikov
po detskomu psikhoanalizu, izdannykh v 1900–2012 godakh. – M.: MGUTU, 2012. – 106 s.
23. Paramonova, A.A. Osnovnye problemy detskogo psikhoanaliza // Prikladnaya yuridicheskaya psikhologiya. –
2012. –№ 3. – S. 35–54.
24. Paramonova, A.A. Scientific contribution of Sigmund Freud in the development of children’s psychoanalysis
// Psychology and psychotechnics. – 2012. –№ 9. – S. 16–26.
25. Paramonova, A.A. Development of the theory and techniques of child psychoanalysis in the works of Hermine
Hg-Helmut (1871–1924) // Psychology and psychotechnics. – 2013. –№ 7. – S. 676–684.
26. Paramonova, A.A. The development of child psychoanalysis in works of Vera Fyodorovna Schmidt (1889–
1937) // Applied Sciences in Europe: tendencies of contemporary development, proceedings of the 3rd International
scientific conference. ORT Publishing. – Stuttgart, 2013. –P.34–40.
27. Psychological and psychoanalytical library under the ed. of the Prof. I.D. Ermakov 1922–1925.: bibliography. –
Izhevsk: ERGO, 2010. – 88p.
28. Richenbeher, S. Sabina Spielrein: Almost violent love for science (biography) / Richenbeher; [Translation
from Germ.]. – Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2007. – 386p.
29. Tyson, F., Tyson, L. Psychoanalytic theories of development. – Ekaterinburg: Business Book, 1998. – 462p.
30. Schmidt, V.F. Psychoanalytic education in the Soviet Union. The report about the solidarity international experimental
home in Moscow / Translation f. Germ of Paramonova A.A. // Psychoanalytic Journal. – 2009. –
Ed.20. – № 1. – P. 180–199.
31. Schmidt, V.F. Psychoanalytic and pedagogical works in 4–v.V.1: Mother’s Diary. / Under the scientific ed. S.F.
Sirotkin. – Izhevsk: ERGO,2009. – 346p.
32. Schmidt ,V.F. The meaning of breastfeeding and the finger sucking for the mental development of the child
// Yearbook of child psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic pedagogy / Man. Ed. S.F. Sirotkin. – Izhevsk: ERGO,
2008. – P. 134–146.
33. Schmidt, V.F. About one child’s Wissenstrieb development / Yearbook of child psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic
pedagogy / Man. Ed. S.F. Sirotkin. – Izhevsk: ERGO, 2008. – P. 146–174;
34. Spielrein S.N. Psychoanalytic summa/ Transl. from Germ., Eng., French. / Under the scientific. Ed. of S.F. Sirotkin,
E.S. Morozova. – Izhevsk: ERGO, 2008. – P. 478.
35. Spitz R., Kobliner G. First year of life: Psychoanalytic study of normal and abnormal development of object
relations / Translation from English. – Moscow: GERRUS, 2000. – 360p.
36. Storck, J. Mental development of a young child from a psychoanalytic point of view // Encyclopedia of depth
psychology. V. II. New directions in psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis of Society. Psychoanalytic movement. Psychoanalysis
in Eastern Europe. / Translation from Germ. – M.: «Cogito Center,» MGM, 2001. – P.134–199.
37. Wolf, M.V. Psychology of children’s whims. – Odessa, 1929. – 39p.
38. Wolf, M.V. Fantasy and reality in the psyche of a child. – Odessa. 1926. – 42p.

References (transliteration):
1. Angelini, A. Psychoanalysis in Russia. From predecessors to the 1930s / Translated from Italian. – Moscow:
ARIO, 2002. – 340p.
2. Belkin, A.I., Litvinov, A.V. The history of psychoanalysis in Soviet Russia. // Russian Psychoanalytic Journal. –
1992. – № 2. – P. 9–33
3. Child analysis and therapy / Edited by Jules Glenn. –London, Karnak, 1978. – 812p.
4. Child analysis today / Edited by Luis Rodriguez de la Sierra/ –London, N.Y.: Karnak, 2004. – 116p.
5. Ermakov, I.D. Child’s organic knowledge experience / under the scientific editorship of S.F. Sirotkin. – Izhevsk,
2009. – 488p.
6. Ermakov, I.D. Archive materials about the Experimental home «International Solidarity.» (The personal archive
of Davydova M.P.)
7. Ellenberger, G.F. The discovery of the unconscious. Part.II. The therapeutic systems of late XIX-early XX century.
– St. Petersburg.: Publishing House «Janus», 2004. – 668p.
8. Freud, S. Psychoanalysis of a child phobia (The analysis of a phobia in a five-year old boy). – M., 1913–150p.
9. Freud, S. Essays on the psychology of sexuality. / Transl. by Prof. M.V. Wolf and introd. by I.D. Ermakov. – M.:
MC «System» at MC VLKSM, 1990. – 112p.
10. Geissmann, C.& Geissmann,, P. A history of child psychoanalysis. – London, New York, 1998. – 491p.
11. Handbook of child psychoanalysis: Research, theory and practice / Wolman, B.B. (Ed.) – Van Nostrand Remhold
Company: New York, 1996. – 644p.
12. Heinz, P. Works of Sigmund Freud. Introduction to Freud’s work. [Text]. // Encyclopedia of depth psychology.
V.I Sigmund Freud: Life, work, heritage. / Transl. from Germ. – M.: Cogito-Center, 2001. – P. 17–31.
13. Leibin, V.M. The fortune of psychoanalysis in Russia. [Text]. // Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis in Russia:
S. Freud works on psychoanalysis. – Voronezh: MODEK, 2000. – 386p.
14. Leibin, V.M. Psychoanalysis, Jung, Russia. [Text]. // Russian Psychoanalytic journal– 1992. – № 2. – P. 45–53.
15. Ovcharenko, V.I. The history of Russian psychoanalysis and problems of its periodization // Archetype. Philosophic
Psychoanalytic journal. – 1996. – № 3–4. – P.145–150.
16. Ovcharenko ,V.I. The first century of Russian psychoanalysis // Psychoanalytic reporter. – 2003. – № 11. – P. 39–59;
17. Ovcharenko, V.I. Destiny of Sabina Spielrein // Russian Psychoanalytic Journal. –1992.–№ 2. – P. 64–70.
18. Ovcharenko, V.I. The history of Russian psychoanalysis and problems of its periodization // Archetype. Philosophic
Psychoanalytic journal. – 1996. – № 3–4. – P.145–150.
19. Ovcharenko, V.I., Leybin V.M. Anthology of Russian psychoanalysis in 2 volumes-M., MPSI, Flinta, 1999. – p.
844, p. 864.
20. Paramonova, A.A. Idei russkikh psikhoanalitikov 1920–kh godov o razvitii rebenka v kontekste vzglyadov
sovremennogo detskogo psikhoanaliza // Ezhegodnik detskogo psikhoanaliza i psikhoanaliticheskoy pedagogiki.
– Izhevsk: ERGO. – 2009. – S. 90–101.
21. Paramonova, A.A. Otkrytie detstva v Rossii: Razvitie nauchnogo znaniya o rebenke v istorii otechestvennoy
psikhologii kontsa XIX – nachala XX vv. Izhevsk: ERGO, 2010. – 172 s.
22. Paramonova, A.A. Detskiy psikhoanaliz v Rossii: vchera, segodnya, zavtra. Bibliografiya nauchnykh istochnikov
po detskomu psikhoanalizu, izdannykh v 1900–2012 godakh. – M.: MGUTU, 2012. – 106 s.
23. Paramonova, A.A. Osnovnye problemy detskogo psikhoanaliza // Prikladnaya yuridicheskaya psikhologiya. –
2012. –№ 3. – S. 35–54.
24. Paramonova, A.A. Scientific contribution of Sigmund Freud in the development of children’s psychoanalysis
// Psychology and psychotechnics. – 2012. –№ 9. – S. 16–26.
25. Paramonova, A.A. Development of the theory and techniques of child psychoanalysis in the works of Hermine
Hg-Helmut (1871–1924) // Psychology and psychotechnics. – 2013. –№ 7. – S. 676–684.
26. Paramonova, A.A. The development of child psychoanalysis in works of Vera Fyodorovna Schmidt (1889–
1937) // Applied Sciences in Europe: tendencies of contemporary development, proceedings of the 3rd International
scientific conference. ORT Publishing. – Stuttgart, 2013. –P.34–40.
27. Psychological and psychoanalytical library under the ed. of the Prof. I.D. Ermakov 1922–1925.: bibliography. –
Izhevsk: ERGO, 2010. – 88p.
28. Richenbeher, S. Sabina Spielrein: Almost violent love for science (biography) / Richenbeher; [Translation
from Germ.]. – Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2007. – 386p.
29. Tyson, F., Tyson, L. Psychoanalytic theories of development. – Ekaterinburg: Business Book, 1998. – 462p.
30. Schmidt, V.F. Psychoanalytic education in the Soviet Union. The report about the solidarity international experimental
home in Moscow / Translation f. Germ of Paramonova A.A. // Psychoanalytic Journal. – 2009. –
Ed.20. – № 1. – P. 180–199.
31. Schmidt, V.F. Psychoanalytic and pedagogical works in 4–v.V.1: Mother’s Diary. / Under the scientific ed. S.F.
Sirotkin. – Izhevsk: ERGO,2009. – 346p.
32. Schmidt ,V.F. The meaning of breastfeeding and the finger sucking for the mental development of the child
// Yearbook of child psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic pedagogy / Man. Ed. S.F. Sirotkin. – Izhevsk: ERGO,
2008. – P. 134–146.
33. Schmidt, V.F. About one child’s Wissenstrieb development / Yearbook of child psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic
pedagogy / Man. Ed. S.F. Sirotkin. – Izhevsk: ERGO, 2008. – P. 146–174;
34. Spielrein S.N. Psychoanalytic summa/ Transl. from Germ., Eng., French. / Under the scientific. Ed. of S.F. Sirotkin,
E.S. Morozova. – Izhevsk: ERGO, 2008. – P. 478.
35. Spitz R., Kobliner G. First year of life: Psychoanalytic study of normal and abnormal development of object
relations / Translation from English. – Moscow: GERRUS, 2000. – 360p.
36. Storck, J. Mental development of a young child from a psychoanalytic point of view // Encyclopedia of depth
psychology. V. II. New directions in psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis of Society. Psychoanalytic movement. Psychoanalysis
in Eastern Europe. / Translation from Germ. – M.: «Cogito Center,» MGM, 2001. – P.134–199.
37. Wolf, M.V. Psychology of children’s whims. – Odessa, 1929. – 39p.
38. Wolf, M.V. Fantasy and reality in the psyche of a child. – Odessa. 1926. – 42p.