Аннотация: This article is dedicated to analysis of the phenomenon of power and lust for power in F. Nietzsche philosophical heritage. The German thinker spoke from the perspective of the philosophy of life. He believed that the excessive dedication to rationality has hurt the European humanity. Representative of this direction attempted to understand life from itself. They advocated on the side of feelings and instinct. Nietzsche wanted to make his book “Will to Power” a programmatic work. But he left just a number of notes and aphorisms, which formed in the course of preparation of the book to completion. However, the combination of sparse notes reveals an explicit cognition of such complicated phenomenon as power. All of the existing human knowledge as a whole is the determination of will to power. The article is firs within the Russian philosophical literature to make an attempt of interpretation of Nietzsche’s views upon power in form of a specific field of his heritage. Nietzsche claimed that will to power can be examines as human basic instinct, but at the same time was looking for opportunity to explain the lust for power as a need, feeling, and passion. In philosopher’s interpretation of passion, we can notice strive for differentiation of this phenomenon from instinct. Interpretation of the tyranny of spirit particularized, and as a final accord of this reasoning about power, Nietzsche names it a demon. It is the universal passion that used by the politicians for consolidation of despotism. The article presents a distinct phenomenology of power.  

Ключевые слова: Punishment , Subordination, Domination, Tyranny of spirit, Demonism, Feeling, Passion, Lust for power, Instinct, Power

Библиография:
Arkhipov Yuriy. Predvarenie i naputstvie // Literaturnaya gazeta. 2013. № 29.
Nitsshe F. Volya k vlasti (Opyt pereotsenki vsekh tsennostey) (1884-1888) / Pod red. G. Rachinskogo i Ya. Bermana. M.: TOO «Transport», 1995. 302 s.
Nitsshe F. Utrennyaya zarya. Mysli o moral'nykh predrassudkakh. Sverdlovsk: Volya, 1991. 303 s.
Sineokaya Yu.V. Tri obraza Nitsshe v russkoy kul'ture. M.: IFRAN, 2008. 197 s.
Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti. M.: Respublika, 1994. 446 s.
Yalom Irvin. Kogda Nitsshe plakal. M.: Eksmo, 2010. 492 s

References (transliteration):
Arkhipov Yuriy. Predvarenie i naputstvie // Literaturnaya gazeta. 2013. № 29.
Nitsshe F. Volya k vlasti (Opyt pereotsenki vsekh tsennostey) (1884-1888) / Pod red. G. Rachinskogo i Ya. Bermana. M.: TOO «Transport», 1995. 302 s.
Nitsshe F. Utrennyaya zarya. Mysli o moral'nykh predrassudkakh. Sverdlovsk: Volya, 1991. 303 s.
Sineokaya Yu.V. Tri obraza Nitsshe v russkoy kul'ture. M.: IFRAN, 2008. 197 s.
Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti. M.: Respublika, 1994. 446 s.
Yalom Irvin. Kogda Nitsshe plakal. M.: Eksmo, 2010. 492 s

Аннотация: The traditional to the sector of Professor V. K. Shokhin edition of almanac “Philosophy of Religion” (2014-2015 / edited by V. K. Shokhin. M.: Nauka – Vostochnaya Literatura, 2015. 590 p.) can be considered as precious heritage for the multidiscipline experts. It can be useful for the professionals in the area of philosophy, theology, religious studies, as well as wide audience of readers interested in philosophical-religious topic. Multiple foreign and Russian specialists were attracted to this work. The author uses the principle of historicism, which allows analyzing the spiritual experience of different eras, establish dialogues between the most remarkable representatives of the philosophy of religion. Almanac gives an idea about the status of large-scale research work in the area of philosophical knowledge. The chapter of almanac, which reveals the correlation between philosophy and mystical experience with consideration of the modern approaches and historical contexts, contains undoubtedly scientific novelty. This chapter is the arsenal of the in-depth ideas and revelations associated with mysticism. The publication presents polemics on the issues of historical orientation, as well as debatable topics of the modernity. The chapter dedicated to the translations of classical works can be truly considered priceless.

Ключевые слова: Meditation, Contemplation, God, Faith, Esotericism, Mysticism, Spiritual experience, Theology, Philosophy of religion, Religion

Библиография:
Filosofiya religii: al'manakh. 2014-2015 / Sost. i otv. red. V.K. Shokhin. M.: Nauka – Vostochnaya literatura, 2015. 590 s.
Vasil'ev V.V. Filosofskaya psikhologiya v epokhu Prosveshcheniya. M.: «Kanon+», 2010. 520 s.
Koshelev I.A. Teleologicheskiy argument v angliyskoy naturfilosofii i estestvennoy teologii XVII v.: Diss. … kand. filos. n. M., 2016. 144 s.
Samarina T.S. Khristianskaya teologiya i religiovedenie v fenomenologii religii F. Khaylera: Diss. … kand. filos. n. M., 2016. 175 s.
Filosofiya religii. Khrestomatiya: uchebnoe posobie / Sost. i otv. red. P.S. Gurevich. M.: MPSI; Voronezh: Modek, 2008, 600 s.
Fokin A.R. Formirovanie trinitarnoy doktriny v latinskoy patristike. M.: Obshchetserkovnaya aspirantura i doktorantura im. svyatykh Kirilla i Mefodiya, 2014. 783 s.
Shokhin V.K. Filosofiya religii i ee istoricheskie formy (antichnost' – konets XVIII v). M.: AL'FA-M, 2010. 784 s

References (transliteration):
Filosofiya religii: al'manakh. 2014-2015 / Sost. i otv. red. V.K. Shokhin. M.: Nauka – Vostochnaya literatura, 2015. 590 s.
Vasil'ev V.V. Filosofskaya psikhologiya v epokhu Prosveshcheniya. M.: «Kanon+», 2010. 520 s.
Koshelev I.A. Teleologicheskiy argument v angliyskoy naturfilosofii i estestvennoy teologii XVII v.: Diss. … kand. filos. n. M., 2016. 144 s.
Samarina T.S. Khristianskaya teologiya i religiovedenie v fenomenologii religii F. Khaylera: Diss. … kand. filos. n. M., 2016. 175 s.
Filosofiya religii. Khrestomatiya: uchebnoe posobie / Sost. i otv. red. P.S. Gurevich. M.: MPSI; Voronezh: Modek, 2008, 600 s.
Fokin A.R. Formirovanie trinitarnoy doktriny v latinskoy patristike. M.: Obshchetserkovnaya aspirantura i doktorantura im. svyatykh Kirilla i Mefodiya, 2014. 783 s.
Shokhin V.K. Filosofiya religii i ee istoricheskie formy (antichnost' – konets XVIII v). M.: AL'FA-M, 2010. 784 s

Аннотация: Thus article is dedicated to N. M. Karamzin as a philosopher. Indeed, first and foremost, he was a historian, as well as writer. However, he did not hesitate to refer to him as a philosopher. And in the author’s opinion, he has all the reasons to call himself a philosopher. N. M. Karamzin introduced the word “identity” into the Russian speech. It does not quite seem like a big achievement. In the XVIII – early XIX centuries many humanitarians were fascinated with creation of words. But the word “identity” invented by Karamzin, met the in-depth demands of the Russian, as well as European philosophy. The categorical discourse already contained the words “individual” and “individuality”. And now, it was the time to signify a person as a specific, highest measure, carrier of the high spiritual and social qualities. For the first time in history, Karamzin is characterizes as a philosopher. He did not just introduced a new word into philosophy, but the definition of “identity” reflected a drastic turn not only in Russian, but also European philosophy. After Karamzin, the Russian philosophy has referred to the topic of personality, which led to establishment of the personalist philosophy in Russia.

Ключевые слова: Freedom, Integrity, Spirituality, Socialization, History, Identity, Individuality, Individual, Human, Personality

Библиография:
M.M. Bakhtin kak filosof / Otv. red. L.A. Gogotishvili, P.S. Gurevich. M.: Nauka, 1992. 255 s.
Nikolay Karamzin i istoricheskie sud'by Rossii. K 250-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya / Obshch. red. i sost. A.A. Kara-Murzy, V.L. Sharovoy, A.F. Yakovlevoy. M.: Akvilon, 2016. 384 s.
Kutyrev V.A. Unesennye progressom. Eskhatologiya zhizni v tekhnogennom mire. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2016. 300 s.
Kara-Murza A.A. Shveytsarskie stranstviya Nikolaya Karamzina (1789-1790). M.: Akvilon, 2016. 110 s.
Kant I. Metafizika nravov // Kant I. Sobr. soch.: v 8 t. T. 6. M.: Charo, 1994. S. 224-541.
Kant I. Osnovopolozheniya metafiziki nravov // Kant I. Sobr. soch.: v 8 t. T. 4. M.: Charo, 1994. S. 153-246.
Girenok Fedor. Udovol'stvie myslit' inache. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2008. 235 s.
Gershenzon Mikhail. Izbrannoe. Mudrost' Pushkina. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2015. 656 s.
Gal'tseva Renata, Rodnyanskaya Irina. K portretam russkikh mysliteley. M.: Petroglif, 2012. 758 s.
Bykova M.F. Nikolay Karamzin i evropeyskiy gumanizm // Nikolay Karamzin i istoricheskie sud'by Rossii. K 250-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya / Obshch. red. i sost. A.A. Kara-Murzy, V.L. Sharovoy, A.F. Yakovlevoy. M.: Akvilon, 2016. S. 88-115.
Sukhov A.D. Russkie filosofstvuyushchie istoriki. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2016. 159 s

References (transliteration):
M.M. Bakhtin kak filosof / Otv. red. L.A. Gogotishvili, P.S. Gurevich. M.: Nauka, 1992. 255 s.
Nikolay Karamzin i istoricheskie sud'by Rossii. K 250-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya / Obshch. red. i sost. A.A. Kara-Murzy, V.L. Sharovoy, A.F. Yakovlevoy. M.: Akvilon, 2016. 384 s.
Kutyrev V.A. Unesennye progressom. Eskhatologiya zhizni v tekhnogennom mire. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2016. 300 s.
Kara-Murza A.A. Shveytsarskie stranstviya Nikolaya Karamzina (1789-1790). M.: Akvilon, 2016. 110 s.
Kant I. Metafizika nravov // Kant I. Sobr. soch.: v 8 t. T. 6. M.: Charo, 1994. S. 224-541.
Kant I. Osnovopolozheniya metafiziki nravov // Kant I. Sobr. soch.: v 8 t. T. 4. M.: Charo, 1994. S. 153-246.
Girenok Fedor. Udovol'stvie myslit' inache. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2008. 235 s.
Gershenzon Mikhail. Izbrannoe. Mudrost' Pushkina. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2015. 656 s.
Gal'tseva Renata, Rodnyanskaya Irina. K portretam russkikh mysliteley. M.: Petroglif, 2012. 758 s.
Bykova M.F. Nikolay Karamzin i evropeyskiy gumanizm // Nikolay Karamzin i istoricheskie sud'by Rossii. K 250-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya / Obshch. red. i sost. A.A. Kara-Murzy, V.L. Sharovoy, A.F. Yakovlevoy. M.: Akvilon, 2016. S. 88-115.
Sukhov A.D. Russkie filosofstvuyushchie istoriki. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2016. 159 s

Аннотация: The author attempts to reveal the essence of the anthropological plots developed by Aristotle. Aristotle highlights the notions of “class” and “type”, and according to this pattern as an illustration names a man. He interprets human as the creature of nature that occupies its niche in living nature. At the same time, Aristotle underlines the social qualities of human, and considers him a social creature. That is how the classical scheme of interpretation of human is being formed. Human is perceived as a thing among other things, who deserves a particular niche in the universe. The article determines the main position of classical tradition originated by Aristotle. The author uses the principle of historicism that allows him comparing the classical and nonclassical traditions in understanding of a human. For the first time in Russian literature, the extensive analysis of the anthropological concept of Aristotle is given. The author examines the interpretations of such basic notions as human nature and human essence. The two philosophical paradigms in interpretation of human are being analyzed. It is demonstrated that the anthropology of the essence and substance does not allow characterizing the being of a man, which is based on freedom and responsibility of a man for his being. Aristotle’s concept is subjected to criticism in the modern discussions. However, it is important to consider that in the broad heritage of Aristotle, have been formed the principles of specific contemplation of human, which perhaps lost their meaning in nonclassical understanding of human.

Ключевые слова: Psychics, Universe, Substance, Type, Class, Philosophical anthropology, Social qualities, Essence, Nature, Human

Библиография:
Khor'kov M.L. Uchenie o prirode i sushchnosti cheloveka v filosofii Aristotelya // Filosofskie nauki. 1993. № 1-3. S. 198-202.
Filosofskaya antropologiya Maksa Shelera. Uroki, kritika, perspektivy / Otv. red. izdaniya D.Yu. Dorofeev. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2011. 568 s.
Buber M. Dva obraza very. M.: AST, 1999. 592 s.
Smirnov S.A. Forsayt cheloveka. Opyty po neklassicheskoy filosofii cheloveka. Novosibirsk: Ofset, 2015. 660 s.
Bibikhin V.V. Uznay sebya. SPb.: Nauka, 1998. 577 s.
Aristotel'. O dushe // Aristotel'. Soch.: v 4 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1976. S. 369-450.
Aristotel'. Sobr. soch. T. 4. M.: Mysl', 1984. 1097a8-10, 1169v16-20, 1253a7.
Aristotel'. Kategorii // Aristotel'. Soch.: v 4 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1978. S. 51-90.

References (transliteration):
Khor'kov M.L. Uchenie o prirode i sushchnosti cheloveka v filosofii Aristotelya // Filosofskie nauki. 1993. № 1-3. S. 198-202.
Filosofskaya antropologiya Maksa Shelera. Uroki, kritika, perspektivy / Otv. red. izdaniya D.Yu. Dorofeev. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2011. 568 s.
Buber M. Dva obraza very. M.: AST, 1999. 592 s.
Smirnov S.A. Forsayt cheloveka. Opyty po neklassicheskoy filosofii cheloveka. Novosibirsk: Ofset, 2015. 660 s.
Bibikhin V.V. Uznay sebya. SPb.: Nauka, 1998. 577 s.
Aristotel'. O dushe // Aristotel'. Soch.: v 4 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1976. S. 369-450.
Aristotel'. Sobr. soch. T. 4. M.: Mysl', 1984. 1097a8-10, 1169v16-20, 1253a7.
Aristotel'. Kategorii // Aristotel'. Soch.: v 4 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1978. S. 51-90.

Аннотация: This article analyzes whether or not ideology can be eliminated, as well as the factors that affect it. The criticism of ideology as the “false consciousness” has deep roots. This type of consciousness is characterized as a manipulatory, selfishly implemented by ruling circles into masses. Multiple social thinkers appeal to debunk the ideology, as well as eliminate it from the social practice. At the same time, we can more and more often come across the opinion that such phenomenon cannot be overcome and cut to a minimum. Ideology performs certain functions in society. As demonstrated by the historical experience, a clear cognitive analysis does not change anything in its fate. The author is first in the Russian literature to give the descriptions and analysis of the social functions of ideology. It is noted that the interpretation of the functions of ideology naturally depends on the general interpretation of ideology as a social phenomenon. Due to the fact that in the modern sociology and psychology the understanding of ideology as social life for the most part does not exceed the simple contraposition of the ideological approach to scientific, or what happens even more rare – the value approach, the objective regulations of functioning of ideology on various stages of social development often escape the researchers.

Ключевые слова: Utopia, Intelligentsia, Destructiveness, Values, Ideas, Deideologization, Social life, Social functions, Ideology, Philosophy

Библиография:
Aron R. Trois Essais sur l’âge industriel. P.: Plon, 1966. 242 p.
Aron R. Opium dlya intelligentsii / Per. s fr. Myunkhen: Tsentr. ob-nie polit. emigrantov iz SSSR (TsOPE), 1960. 234 c.
Fromm E. Begstvo ot svobody. M.: Progress, 1990. 269 s.
Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti. M.: Respublika, 1994. 446 s.
Mangeym K. Diagnoz nashego vremeni. M.: Yurist, 1994. 700 s.
Stark W. Sociology of Knowledge. L.: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1958. 356 p.
Parsons T. The social system. N.Y.: The free press, 1964. 575 p.
Parsons T. O sotsial'nykh sistemakh. M.: Akad. Proekt, 2002. 830 s.
Shlezinger A.M. Ideologiya i amerikanskiy opyt // Amerika. 2004. № 196. S. 14.
Shlezinger A.M. Tsikly amerikanskoy istorii. M.: Progress: Progress-akademiya, 1992. 685 s.
Bell D. Gryadushchee postindustrial'noe obshchestvo: opyt sotsial'nogo prognozirovaniya / Per. s angl. pod red. V.L. Inozemtseva. M.: Academia, 2004. 783 s.
Bodriyyar Zh. Simulyakry i simulyatsii. M.: Izd. dom «Postum», 2015. 240 s.
Zhizhek Sl. Shchekotlivyy sub'ekt: otsutstvuyushchiy tsentr mirovoy ontologii. M.: Izd. dom «DELO», 2014. 528 s.
Letyagin L.I. Filosofiya ideologii. Ekaterinburg: UrGPU, 2014. 281 s.
Problemy yazyka v global'nom mire / Pod red. E.V. Ganinoy, A.N. Chumakova. M.: Prospekt, 2016. 208 s

References (transliteration):
Aron R. Trois Essais sur l’âge industriel. P.: Plon, 1966. 242 p.
Aron R. Opium dlya intelligentsii / Per. s fr. Myunkhen: Tsentr. ob-nie polit. emigrantov iz SSSR (TsOPE), 1960. 234 c.
Fromm E. Begstvo ot svobody. M.: Progress, 1990. 269 s.
Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti. M.: Respublika, 1994. 446 s.
Mangeym K. Diagnoz nashego vremeni. M.: Yurist, 1994. 700 s.
Stark W. Sociology of Knowledge. L.: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1958. 356 p.
Parsons T. The social system. N.Y.: The free press, 1964. 575 p.
Parsons T. O sotsial'nykh sistemakh. M.: Akad. Proekt, 2002. 830 s.
Shlezinger A.M. Ideologiya i amerikanskiy opyt // Amerika. 2004. № 196. S. 14.
Shlezinger A.M. Tsikly amerikanskoy istorii. M.: Progress: Progress-akademiya, 1992. 685 s.
Bell D. Gryadushchee postindustrial'noe obshchestvo: opyt sotsial'nogo prognozirovaniya / Per. s angl. pod red. V.L. Inozemtseva. M.: Academia, 2004. 783 s.
Bodriyyar Zh. Simulyakry i simulyatsii. M.: Izd. dom «Postum», 2015. 240 s.
Zhizhek Sl. Shchekotlivyy sub'ekt: otsutstvuyushchiy tsentr mirovoy ontologii. M.: Izd. dom «DELO», 2014. 528 s.
Letyagin L.I. Filosofiya ideologii. Ekaterinburg: UrGPU, 2014. 281 s.
Problemy yazyka v global'nom mire / Pod red. E.V. Ganinoy, A.N. Chumakova. M.: Prospekt, 2016. 208 s

Аннотация: Multiple authors underline the discord between the thoughts and the feelings, which attributable to the modern man. It is noted that English-American analytical philosophy and continental existential philosophy are extremely disengaged. Moreover, the though and the feeling in the modern consciousness constantly try to rid themselves of each other. We can notice such discord in mundane, routine consciousness. What is the cause of this confrontation? How the mind can reunite with emotions? These questions are covered in the article. The author actively uses the achievements of analytical philosophy and existential experience, as well as applies the method of historicism, which allows demonstrating the dynamics of correlation between the thought and the feeling in different eras. This work contains the analysis of different concepts associated with the problem of though-feeling interrelation. A critical assessment is given to the projects which do not consider the achievements of analytical psychology. The solution to this problem consists in overcoming of these two extremities.  Of course the noticeable discord between the thought and the feeling is needed to be overcome, but at the same time, the abstract reasoning on sentimental upbringing does not take into account difficulties inherent to human psyche. The author suggests an opinion that not all abilities of a specific human can be unequivocally developed.

Ключевые слова: Grief, Envy, Mindset, Suffering, Philosophizing, Deeds, Rationality, Feeling, Reasoning, Philosophical anthropology

Библиография:
Nitsshe F. Mysli o moral'nykh predrassudkakh. Sverdlovsk: Volya, 1991. 303 s.
Epshteyn M.N. Ot znaniya – k tvorchestvu. Kak gumanitarnye nauki mogut izmenit' mir. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2016. 480 s.
Makhlin V.L. Bol'shoe vremya: Podstupy k myshleniyu M.M. Bakhtina. Siedlce: Uniw. przyrodniczo-humanistyczny, 2015. 174 s.
Ol'shanskiy D. Stseny seksual'noy zhizni. Psikhoanaliz i semiotika teatra i kino. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2016. 384 s.
Pomerants G., Mirkina Z. Spor tsivilizatsiy i dialog kul'tur (Lektsii i stat'i nulevykh godov). M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, Universitetskaya kniga, 2014. 504 s.
Yung K.G. Psikhologicheskie tipy / Per. s nem. S. Lorie. SPb.: Azbuka, 2001. 732 s

References (transliteration):
Nitsshe F. Mysli o moral'nykh predrassudkakh. Sverdlovsk: Volya, 1991. 303 s.
Epshteyn M.N. Ot znaniya – k tvorchestvu. Kak gumanitarnye nauki mogut izmenit' mir. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2016. 480 s.
Makhlin V.L. Bol'shoe vremya: Podstupy k myshleniyu M.M. Bakhtina. Siedlce: Uniw. przyrodniczo-humanistyczny, 2015. 174 s.
Ol'shanskiy D. Stseny seksual'noy zhizni. Psikhoanaliz i semiotika teatra i kino. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2016. 384 s.
Pomerants G., Mirkina Z. Spor tsivilizatsiy i dialog kul'tur (Lektsii i stat'i nulevykh godov). M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, Universitetskaya kniga, 2014. 504 s.
Yung K.G. Psikhologicheskie tipy / Per. s nem. S. Lorie. SPb.: Azbuka, 2001. 732 s

Аннотация: This article is dedicated to the role of philosophy as an opposing instance with regards to ideology. This topic has a long history behind it, during the course of which the various outlooks upon this issue have been establishing. The discourse “criticism of ideologies”, having become relevant during the Enlightenment era, reflected the most popular commentary on this subject. The theory of interest, according to which reasoning of a person is defined by its instinctive or conscious interests, was developing within the theory of intentional deception. Over two centuries have passed since that time. A powerful intellectual movement aimed at criticism of ideology, irrevocably assigned to it a status of “false consciousness”.  Basing himself on the fundamental ideas of Solovyev, who presented an extensive program for debunking the ideology at a methodological seminar in the Institute of Philosophy, the author attempts to expand the frameworks of discussion on this topic.  For the first time in Russian philosophy, the author suggests a thought that the “criticism of ideology” as a certain research paradigm aimed at its exposure, outlived itself. A purely cognitive rejection of this phenomenon is not being accompanied by the versatile examination of the social phenomenon itself – ideology. As a result, the perception of ideology as an illusion became just the first level of thoughts on the matter.

Ключевые слова: Openness of history, Truth, Deception, Cynicism, Skepticism, Historicism, Social myth, Ideology, Philosophy, Power

Библиография:
E.A. Grossman Andre Glyuksman o psikhologii vlastiteley mysli // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2010. - 7. - C. 27 - 43.
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M.: «Kanon +» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2012. 336 s.
Ellyul' Zh. Politicheskaya illyuziya / Pod red. V.I. Danilenko. M.: NOTA BENE, 2003. 432 c
Gurevich P.S. Mekhanika politicheskoy mifologii // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. № 7. S. 621-626.
Glucksman A. Cynisme et passion. Paris, 1991. 415 p.
Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla. M.: Dobrosvet; KDU, 2006. 258 s.
Granov V.D., Gurevich P.S., Semchenko A.T. V poiskakh dukhovnoy opory. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1981. 210 s.
Sloterdayk P. Kritika tsinicheskogo razuma / Per. s nem. A.V. Pertseva. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural'skogo universiteta, 2001. 584 s.
Riker P. Mozhet li byt' nauchnoy kontseptsiya ideologii? // Teorii ideologii i ideologicheskoy bor'by: sb. Vyp. 3 / Otv. red. P.S. Gurevich. M., 1980. S. 266-285.
Bodriyyar Zh. Simulyakry i simulyatsii. M.: Izd. dom «Postum», 2015. 240 s.
Solov'ev E.Yu. Prospekt doklada «Filosofiya kak kritika ideologiy» na pervom zasedanii «Obshcheinstitutskogo seminara» Instituta filosofii RAN, 7 iyunya 2016 g. URL: http://iph.ras.ru/uplfile/root/news/archive_events/2016/07_06_2016_soloviev.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 15.06.2016).

References (transliteration):
E.A. Grossman Andre Glyuksman o psikhologii vlastiteley mysli // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2010. - 7. - C. 27 - 43.
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M.: «Kanon +» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2012. 336 s.
Ellyul' Zh. Politicheskaya illyuziya / Pod red. V.I. Danilenko. M.: NOTA BENE, 2003. 432 c
Gurevich P.S. Mekhanika politicheskoy mifologii // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. № 7. S. 621-626.
Glucksman A. Cynisme et passion. Paris, 1991. 415 p.
Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla. M.: Dobrosvet; KDU, 2006. 258 s.
Granov V.D., Gurevich P.S., Semchenko A.T. V poiskakh dukhovnoy opory. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1981. 210 s.
Sloterdayk P. Kritika tsinicheskogo razuma / Per. s nem. A.V. Pertseva. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural'skogo universiteta, 2001. 584 s.
Riker P. Mozhet li byt' nauchnoy kontseptsiya ideologii? // Teorii ideologii i ideologicheskoy bor'by: sb. Vyp. 3 / Otv. red. P.S. Gurevich. M., 1980. S. 266-285.
Bodriyyar Zh. Simulyakry i simulyatsii. M.: Izd. dom «Postum», 2015. 240 s.
Solov'ev E.Yu. Prospekt doklada «Filosofiya kak kritika ideologiy» na pervom zasedanii «Obshcheinstitutskogo seminara» Instituta filosofii RAN, 7 iyunya 2016 g. URL: http://iph.ras.ru/uplfile/root/news/archive_events/2016/07_06_2016_soloviev.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 15.06.2016).

Аннотация: Is there a possibility for a new human ontology? Is it necessary to go back to the basic elements and meanings pertaining to human ontology? How relevant is the question raised by Max Scheler that in all abundance of our knowledge about the world, the least is about ourselves, thus there is a need for development of a new anthropology, a new doctrine on human being? Or there is no such situation or necessity in the new anthropology? This article contains the answers to these questions. The author compares the classical and non-classical versions of philosophical anthropology, and dwells on the historical fate of philosophical anthropology. The article suggests a thought that among other philosophical disciplines, in essence, only the philosophical anthropology has lost its subject – a human. It resulted in a paradoxical situation – this block of knowledge split into multiple “anthropologies”. The author proposes to develop a new anthropological ontology through apprehending the scattered knowledge on human being. The interpretation of the key notions of human, consciousness, and identity is being compared within the classical and non-classical anthropology.

Ключевые слова: Philosophy of life, Quantum paradigm, Subjectivity, Identity, Consciousness, Reason, Human nature, Human, Human ontology, Philosophical anthropology

Библиография:
Grof S. Za predelami mozga. Rozhdenie, smert' i transtsendentsiya v psikhoterapii. M.: AST [i dr.], 2002. 497 s.
Berdyaev N.A. O cheloveke, ego svobode i dukhovnosti: Izbr. tr. M.: MPSI; Flinta, 1999. 310 s.
Girenok F.I. Autografiya yazyka i soznaniya. M.: Moskovskiy gos. industrial'nyy un-t, 2010. 247 s.
Girenok F.I. Udovol'stvie myslit' inache. M.: Fond «Mir»: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2010. 235 s.
Girenok F.I. Figury i skladki. 2-e izd. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2014. 244 s.
Gurevich P.S. Fenomen debiologizatsii cheloveka // Chelovek v edinstve sotsial'nykh i biologicheskikh kachestv / Otv. red. A.A. Guseynov; Red.-sost. G.L. Belkina. M.: LIBROKOM, 2012. S. 75-89.
Zotov A.F. Sovremennaya zapadnaya filosofiya: uchebn. posob. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt; Triksta, 2004. 688 s.
Ivin A.A. Obnazhennost' i otchuzhdenie. Filosofskoe esse o prirode cheloveka. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2015. 320 s.
Podoroga V.A. Antropogrammy. Opyt samokritiki. M.: Logos, 2014. 106 s.
Podoroga V.A. Mimezis. Materialy po analiticheskoy antropologii literatury: v 2 t. T. I. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya [i dr.], 2006. 379 s.
Sotsiokul'turnaya antropologiya. Istoriya. Teoriya. Metodologiya. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Pod red. Yu.M. Reznika. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, Kul'tura; Kirov: Konstanta, 2012. 1000 s.
Fonar' Diogena. Proekt sinergiynoy antropologii v sovremennom gumanitarnom kontekste / Sost., obshch. i nauchn. red. S.S. Khoruzhego. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2010. 927 s.
Chesnov Ya.V. Narodnaya kul'tura. Filosofsko-antropologicheskiy podkhod. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. 496 s.
Chesnov Ya.V. Germenevtika znaniya v narodnoy kul'ture (spetsial'naya teoriya antropotsenoza) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 3(75). S. 413-425

References (transliteration):
Grof S. Za predelami mozga. Rozhdenie, smert' i transtsendentsiya v psikhoterapii. M.: AST [i dr.], 2002. 497 s.
Berdyaev N.A. O cheloveke, ego svobode i dukhovnosti: Izbr. tr. M.: MPSI; Flinta, 1999. 310 s.
Girenok F.I. Autografiya yazyka i soznaniya. M.: Moskovskiy gos. industrial'nyy un-t, 2010. 247 s.
Girenok F.I. Udovol'stvie myslit' inache. M.: Fond «Mir»: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2010. 235 s.
Girenok F.I. Figury i skladki. 2-e izd. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2014. 244 s.
Gurevich P.S. Fenomen debiologizatsii cheloveka // Chelovek v edinstve sotsial'nykh i biologicheskikh kachestv / Otv. red. A.A. Guseynov; Red.-sost. G.L. Belkina. M.: LIBROKOM, 2012. S. 75-89.
Zotov A.F. Sovremennaya zapadnaya filosofiya: uchebn. posob. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt; Triksta, 2004. 688 s.
Ivin A.A. Obnazhennost' i otchuzhdenie. Filosofskoe esse o prirode cheloveka. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2015. 320 s.
Podoroga V.A. Antropogrammy. Opyt samokritiki. M.: Logos, 2014. 106 s.
Podoroga V.A. Mimezis. Materialy po analiticheskoy antropologii literatury: v 2 t. T. I. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya [i dr.], 2006. 379 s.
Sotsiokul'turnaya antropologiya. Istoriya. Teoriya. Metodologiya. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Pod red. Yu.M. Reznika. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, Kul'tura; Kirov: Konstanta, 2012. 1000 s.
Fonar' Diogena. Proekt sinergiynoy antropologii v sovremennom gumanitarnom kontekste / Sost., obshch. i nauchn. red. S.S. Khoruzhego. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2010. 927 s.
Chesnov Ya.V. Narodnaya kul'tura. Filosofsko-antropologicheskiy podkhod. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. 496 s.
Chesnov Ya.V. Germenevtika znaniya v narodnoy kul'ture (spetsial'naya teoriya antropotsenoza) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 3(75). S. 413-425

Аннотация: This article is dedicated to the 160th anniversary of Sigmund Freud. On May 6, 1856 the world welcome one of the most renowned and successful researchers of human psychics Sigmund Freud. His name was firmly written into psychology, philosophy, and medicine. Paradoxicality of this consists in the fact that this person was not a physician in natural sense although he received medical education. Moreover, he was not a philosopher, and according to the word of Carl Jung, he did not possess a necessary philosophical competence, and had a rather skeptical attitude towards this area of knowledge. But at the same time, Freud became a founder of an independent philosophical direction – psychoanalysis. None of the philosophical direction of the previous century has passed by this name. Many philosophers rejected his ideas, but most often they continued to expand his discoveries. Freud was not a psychologist, but his name is associated with a radical reformation within the humanitarian knowledge – emergence of one of the five directions of the world psychology. As a clinical psychologist, he introduced into the world practice the principles of healing, which gained universal recognition. The author bases on the principle of historicism, attempting to evaluate Freud’s contribution into the humanitarian cognition, according to the impact of his doctrine upon the modern science and culture. The article attempts to demonstrate the importance of Freud’s heritage for many areas of modern science, as well as to reveal the greatness and limitation of his doctrine, considering the discoveries that gained recognition in the late XX – early XXI century. Quite often we can hear that Freud’s doctrine has outlived itself. In this regard, we should note the approach of J. Lacan, who was trying to preserve the psychoanalytical tradition which was under a threat in the middle of XX century. The author focuses his attention on the main achievements of Freud’s concept/

Ключевые слова: Psychology of the masses, Dreams, Illusion, Personality, Psychosexual development, Psychics, Culture, Unconscious, Psychology, Philosophy

Библиография:
Raykh V. Kharakteroanaliz. Tekhnika i osnovnye polozheniya dlya obuchayushchikhsya i praktikuyushchikh analitikov. M.: Respublika, 1999. 461 s.
Zigmund Freyd – osnovatel' novoy nauchnoy paradigmy: psikhoanaliz v teorii i praktike (K 150-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya Zigmunda Freyda). Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy psikhoanaliticheskoy konferentsii. Moskva, 16-17 dekabrya 2006 g.: v 2 t. / Pod red. A.N. Kharitonova, P.S. Gurevicha i A.V. Litivinova. M.: Russkoe psikhoanaliticheskoe obshchestvo, 2006. T. 1. 421 s. T. 2 503 s.
Psikhologiya telesnosti. Mezhdu dushoy i telom / Red.-sost. V.P. Zinchenko, T.S. Levi. M.: AST, AST Moskva, 2005. 731 s.
Katsura A.V., Mazur I.I., Chumakov A.N. Planetarnoe chelovechestvo na krayu propasti. M.: Prospekt, 2016. 208 s.
Idei U.R. Biona v sovremennoy psikhoanaliticheskoy praktike: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy psikhoanaliticheskoy konferentsii. Moskva, 13-14 dekabrya 2008 g. / Pod red. A.V. Litvinova, A.N. Kharitonova. M.: Izd. proekt «Russkoe psikhoanaliticheskoe obshchestvo», 2008. 420 s.
Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti / Vstup. st. P.S. Gurevicha. M.: Respublika, 1994. 447 s.
Gritsanov A.A. Fantazm // Noveyshiy filosofskiy slovar' Postmodernizm / Gl. nauch. red. i sost. A.A. Gritsanov. Minsk: Sovremennyy literator, 2007. S. 674.
Nitsshe F. Utrennyaya zvezda. Mysli o moral'nykh predrassudkakh. Sverdlovsk: Volya, 1991. 304 s.
Fromm E. Velichie i ogranichennost' teorii Freyda / Otv. red. P.S. Gurevich. M.: OOO «Firma “Izdatel'stvo ACT”», 2000. 448 s.

References (transliteration):
Raykh V. Kharakteroanaliz. Tekhnika i osnovnye polozheniya dlya obuchayushchikhsya i praktikuyushchikh analitikov. M.: Respublika, 1999. 461 s.
Zigmund Freyd – osnovatel' novoy nauchnoy paradigmy: psikhoanaliz v teorii i praktike (K 150-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya Zigmunda Freyda). Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy psikhoanaliticheskoy konferentsii. Moskva, 16-17 dekabrya 2006 g.: v 2 t. / Pod red. A.N. Kharitonova, P.S. Gurevicha i A.V. Litivinova. M.: Russkoe psikhoanaliticheskoe obshchestvo, 2006. T. 1. 421 s. T. 2 503 s.
Psikhologiya telesnosti. Mezhdu dushoy i telom / Red.-sost. V.P. Zinchenko, T.S. Levi. M.: AST, AST Moskva, 2005. 731 s.
Katsura A.V., Mazur I.I., Chumakov A.N. Planetarnoe chelovechestvo na krayu propasti. M.: Prospekt, 2016. 208 s.
Idei U.R. Biona v sovremennoy psikhoanaliticheskoy praktike: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy psikhoanaliticheskoy konferentsii. Moskva, 13-14 dekabrya 2008 g. / Pod red. A.V. Litvinova, A.N. Kharitonova. M.: Izd. proekt «Russkoe psikhoanaliticheskoe obshchestvo», 2008. 420 s.
Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti / Vstup. st. P.S. Gurevicha. M.: Respublika, 1994. 447 s.
Gritsanov A.A. Fantazm // Noveyshiy filosofskiy slovar' Postmodernizm / Gl. nauch. red. i sost. A.A. Gritsanov. Minsk: Sovremennyy literator, 2007. S. 674.
Nitsshe F. Utrennyaya zvezda. Mysli o moral'nykh predrassudkakh. Sverdlovsk: Volya, 1991. 304 s.
Fromm E. Velichie i ogranichennost' teorii Freyda / Otv. red. P.S. Gurevich. M.: OOO «Firma “Izdatel'stvo ACT”», 2000. 448 s.

Аннотация: This article is dedicated to the analysis of the general scientific policy of the journal “Philosophy and Culture” as this is the 100th issue of this journal. The author examines the development of the journal from its very first issues until present, marking the main milestones in its path. Over the years, the publication that is being issued under the authority of Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of sciences became a platform for the philosophical discourse for the scholars from various regions of the country – from Astrakhan to Odessa, from Belgorod to Vladivostok. The council of editors consists from the prominent Russian and foreign researchers. The journal was able to establish the permanent connections with a number of higher education facilities throughout the country – in Barnaul, Perm, Nizhny Novgorod, Vladivostok, and others. The author uses the methods of historical-philosophical research, as well as the abilities of hermeneutic analysis of philosophical texts presented in the articles of the journal. This work is first to examine the difficulties of the philosophical periodicals in Russia. The author underlines the hardships faced by the historical-philosophical process in our country. The attempts to “limit” philosophy have been noticed yet in the Imperial Russia. There have been tragic pages in the history of Russian philosophy after the Bolshevist Revolution. Over the recent years, the officials “pressed” philosophy in the educational system, as well as narrowed down the minimum requirements for the Candidate degree. Special attention in this article is given to the substantiation of the main directions of the journal during these years, as well as the future prospects of its existence.

Ключевые слова: Social crises, Methodology, I, Consciousness, Spiritual-moral pursuit, Spiritual-moral pursuit, Social processes, History, Culture, Philosophy

Библиография:
Losskiy N.O. Istoriya russkoy filosofii. M.: Vyssh. shk., 1991. S. 222.
Gurevich P.S. Opyty predel'no «trezvogo» myshleniya // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2008. № 1. S. 5.
Solov'ev E.Yu. Istoriko-filosofskaya publitsistika (primety i trebovaniya) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 5(77). S. 731-744.
Froydental' G. Otsutstvuyushchiy tsentr filosofii Kassirera: Homo Faber in abstracto // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. № 1(37). S. 23.
Beskova I.A. Tochnye sredstva analiza informatsionnogo intellekta (logika formirovaniya, ogranicheniya i perspektivy) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2008. № 2. S. 94-110.
Knyazeva E.N. Kognitivnaya arkhitektura voploshchennogo razuma kak ponyatie neklassicheskoy epistemologii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. № 2(26). S. 29-40.
Mikeshina L.A. Stanovlenie epistemologii gumanitarnoy nauki // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2015. № 4(88). S. 563-572

References (transliteration):
Losskiy N.O. Istoriya russkoy filosofii. M.: Vyssh. shk., 1991. S. 222.
Gurevich P.S. Opyty predel'no «trezvogo» myshleniya // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2008. № 1. S. 5.
Solov'ev E.Yu. Istoriko-filosofskaya publitsistika (primety i trebovaniya) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 5(77). S. 731-744.
Froydental' G. Otsutstvuyushchiy tsentr filosofii Kassirera: Homo Faber in abstracto // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. № 1(37). S. 23.
Beskova I.A. Tochnye sredstva analiza informatsionnogo intellekta (logika formirovaniya, ogranicheniya i perspektivy) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2008. № 2. S. 94-110.
Knyazeva E.N. Kognitivnaya arkhitektura voploshchennogo razuma kak ponyatie neklassicheskoy epistemologii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. № 2(26). S. 29-40.
Mikeshina L.A. Stanovlenie epistemologii gumanitarnoy nauki // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2015. № 4(88). S. 563-572

Аннотация:   This article presents the analysis of the phenomenon of labor in Hegel’s heritage. It is suggested that the apology of labor takes it roots in the works of Hegel. His doctrine represents a culmination of the German classical philosophy in solution of the question on the relation on the active conscience to the external world, in other words in solution of the question about practice. This concept has formed under the influence of the English political economy of Adam Smith on one hand, and the philosophy of Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling on the other. The key towards understanding Hegel’s views upon practice is his interpretation of labor. The crucial moment of his concept of not only theoretical, but practical self-conscience, consists in the development of the conscious side of human activity. Practical attitude of a human towards the world for Hegel – is the key towards understanding the development of society. The author bases on the history of philosophy. Special attention is given to the theory of anthropogenesis. The initial point of Hegel’s concept about the activity of conscience is a living being, which has yet not become a human, but gradually overcomes its natural being and separates from the vital world. According to Hegel, it has a desire to cognize its essence through other beings, and for this purpose it needs to overcome only the natural existence. This rejection is a condition for transformation of a natural being into social. It means that a human attains its essence through labor, which expresses the liberation from nature and return to it as a result of attaining by human of its essence.  

Ключевые слова: Labor, Self-conscience, Social practice, Natural being, Social life, Nature, Human essence, Activity, Slave and master, Human nature

Библиография:
Filosofiya. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Pod red. d. filos. n. A.A. Ivina. M.: Gardariki, 2004. 1072 s.
Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya: v 4 t. / Rukov. proekta V.S. Stepin, G.Yu. Semigin. M.: Mysl', 2010. URL: http://iph.ras.ru/enc.htm (data obrashcheniya: 03.02.2016).
Kul'turologiya. Entsiklopediya: v 2 t. / Gl. red. i avtor proekta S.Ya. Levit. M.: ROSSPEN, 2007. T. 1. – 1392 s. T. 2. – 1184 s.
Filosofskiy slovar' / Pod red. I.T. Frolova. Izdanie 8-oe, dorab. i dop. M. Respublika, 2009. S. 691.
Kant I. O pedagogike // Kant I. Sobr. soch.: v 8 t. T. 8. M.: ChORO, 1991. S. 399.
Aron R. Etapy razvitiya sotsiologicheskoy mysli / Obshch. red. i predisl. P.S. Gurevicha. M.: Progress-Politika, 1993. S. 115.
Gegel' G.V.F. Soch.: v 14 t. T. 4. M.: Gos. izd-vo, 1959. S. 103-106.
Gegel' G.V.F. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk: v 3 t. T. 1. Nauka logiki. M.: Mysl', 1975. S. 129.
Gegel' G.V.F. Fenomenologiya dukha. M.: Nauka, 2000. S. 103.
Arendt Kh. Vita activa, ili O deyatel'noy zhizni. M.: Aleteyya, 2000. 437 s.
Burkkhardt Ya. Razmyshleniya o vsemirnoy istorii. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2013. 560 s.
Veber A. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2012. 565 s.
Veber M. Izbrannoe: Protestantskaya etika i dukh kapitalizma. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2012. 656 s.
Gerder I.G. Idei k filosofii istorii chelovechestva. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2013. 760 s.
Zimmel' G. Filosofiya truda // Zimmel' G. Izbrannoe. Problemy sotsiologii. M.; SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2015. S. 64-69.
Kassirer E. Opyt o cheloveke // Problema cheloveka v zapadnoy filosofii: perevody / Sost. i poslesl. P.S. Gurevicha. Obshch. red. Yu.N. Popova. M.: Progress, 1988. S. 3-30

References (transliteration):
Filosofiya. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Pod red. d. filos. n. A.A. Ivina. M.: Gardariki, 2004. 1072 s.
Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya: v 4 t. / Rukov. proekta V.S. Stepin, G.Yu. Semigin. M.: Mysl', 2010. URL: http://iph.ras.ru/enc.htm (data obrashcheniya: 03.02.2016).
Kul'turologiya. Entsiklopediya: v 2 t. / Gl. red. i avtor proekta S.Ya. Levit. M.: ROSSPEN, 2007. T. 1. – 1392 s. T. 2. – 1184 s.
Filosofskiy slovar' / Pod red. I.T. Frolova. Izdanie 8-oe, dorab. i dop. M. Respublika, 2009. S. 691.
Kant I. O pedagogike // Kant I. Sobr. soch.: v 8 t. T. 8. M.: ChORO, 1991. S. 399.
Aron R. Etapy razvitiya sotsiologicheskoy mysli / Obshch. red. i predisl. P.S. Gurevicha. M.: Progress-Politika, 1993. S. 115.
Gegel' G.V.F. Soch.: v 14 t. T. 4. M.: Gos. izd-vo, 1959. S. 103-106.
Gegel' G.V.F. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk: v 3 t. T. 1. Nauka logiki. M.: Mysl', 1975. S. 129.
Gegel' G.V.F. Fenomenologiya dukha. M.: Nauka, 2000. S. 103.
Arendt Kh. Vita activa, ili O deyatel'noy zhizni. M.: Aleteyya, 2000. 437 s.
Burkkhardt Ya. Razmyshleniya o vsemirnoy istorii. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2013. 560 s.
Veber A. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2012. 565 s.
Veber M. Izbrannoe: Protestantskaya etika i dukh kapitalizma. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2012. 656 s.
Gerder I.G. Idei k filosofii istorii chelovechestva. M.; SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2013. 760 s.
Zimmel' G. Filosofiya truda // Zimmel' G. Izbrannoe. Problemy sotsiologii. M.; SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2015. S. 64-69.
Kassirer E. Opyt o cheloveke // Problema cheloveka v zapadnoy filosofii: perevody / Sost. i poslesl. P.S. Gurevicha. Obshch. red. Yu.N. Popova. M.: Progress, 1988. S. 3-30

Аннотация: The subject of this research is the transformation of perceptions about labor from Hegel to Baudrillard. The article illustrates that Marxist interpretation of labor was based on the Hegel’s analysis of this phenomenon – that a man finds his essence in labor, which expresses release from nature and return to it. According to Marx, the main characteristic of people is their ability to embodiment (objectification) and realization of themselves in the product of their work; only by the virtue of this act of objectification, individuals find themselves capable of grasping their efforts and acquire self-conscience. Thus, the ability to voluntarily experience your own labor as a process of self-realization, forms a decisive prerequisite for good life. But this prerequisite is being destroyed by the establishment of capitalistic way of production, because wage labor deprives persons of the ability to control their work. Capitalism in such way presents a social form of life that opposes a man to its essence, by depriving him of the hope for a good life. Scientific novelty consists in the fact that the classical interpretation of the works of Hegel and Marx is being compared to the modern and post-modern views upon transformation of the entire social reality. Such outlooks allow looking at our reality from a complete different angle. Particularly, according to the opinion of Baudrillard, labor remains a human need, but in a different sense; it becomes equivalent to leisure.

Библиография:
Gegel' G.V.F. Soch.: v 14 t. T. 4. Fenomenologiya dukha. M.: Izd-vo sotsial'no-politicheskoy literatury, 1959. 487 s. S. 103 106.
Gegel' G.V.F. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk: v 3 t. Tom 1. Nauka logiki. M.: Mysl', 1975. 452 s. S. 129.
Aristotel'. Metafizika. Kniga A. I.980a.21.
Kassirer E. Opyt o cheloveke. Vvedenie v filosofiyu chelovecheskoy kul'tury // Problema cheloveka v zapadnoy filosofii: Perevody / Sost. i poslesl. P.S. Gurevicha; Obshch. red. Yu.N. Popova. M.: Progress, 1988. S. 3 30.
Bodriyyar Zh. Simulyakry i simulyatsii / Per. s fr. A. Kachalova. M.: Izd. dom «POSTUM», 2015. 240 s. S. 40-42.
Arendt Khanna. Vita activa, ili O deyatel'noy zhizni / Per. s nem. i angl. V.V. Bibikhina. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2000. 437 s.
Zimmel' G. Filosofiya truda // Zimmel' G. Izbrannoe. Problemy sotsiologii. M., SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2015. 416 s. S. 210

References (transliteration):
Gegel' G.V.F. Soch.: v 14 t. T. 4. Fenomenologiya dukha. M.: Izd-vo sotsial'no-politicheskoy literatury, 1959. 487 s. S. 103 106.
Gegel' G.V.F. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk: v 3 t. Tom 1. Nauka logiki. M.: Mysl', 1975. 452 s. S. 129.
Aristotel'. Metafizika. Kniga A. I.980a.21.
Kassirer E. Opyt o cheloveke. Vvedenie v filosofiyu chelovecheskoy kul'tury // Problema cheloveka v zapadnoy filosofii: Perevody / Sost. i poslesl. P.S. Gurevicha; Obshch. red. Yu.N. Popova. M.: Progress, 1988. S. 3 30.
Bodriyyar Zh. Simulyakry i simulyatsii / Per. s fr. A. Kachalova. M.: Izd. dom «POSTUM», 2015. 240 s. S. 40-42.
Arendt Khanna. Vita activa, ili O deyatel'noy zhizni / Per. s nem. i angl. V.V. Bibikhina. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2000. 437 s.
Zimmel' G. Filosofiya truda // Zimmel' G. Izbrannoe. Problemy sotsiologii. M., SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2015. 416 s. S. 210

Аннотация: The subject of this research is the transformation of value ideas under the influence of the quantum paradigm. What do we mean under the quantum paradigm? It is not only the newest concept in physics, and not even the modern scientific image of the world. Quantum consciousness represents a grandiose experiment of the transformation of the social and individual reality based on the patterns of behavior of elementary particles. Probably for the first time in history, physics invades the world of value absolutes, transforms them and readjusts almost our entire consciousness towards the quantum theory. How is that possible? It would seem that there is no link between the quantum thinking and drastic transformation of values in the modern era. Emerged as a peculiar revolution in physics, quantum idea not only signified a new scientific paradigm, but also produced a fundamental effect upon the value system of the current time, as well as future generations. It presented a complicated, nonlinear, uncertain and unstable world, which simultaneously exists in several states. Quantum paradigm broke the traditional perceptions about the Universe, reality, human nature, human as a unique creature, life and death, traditions and innovations, as well as sanctities that determine people’s behavior. Special attention is given to the principles of axiological interpretation. The author is first in the Russian literature to analyze the problem of values as it is posed within the quantum paradigm; he also notes the elimination of sacredness in explanation of human, human nature, sociality, and culture. The author suggest a thought that humanity again faces the “experience of reassessment of values”.   

Ключевые слова: Value, Quantum paradigm, Reconstruction, Reality, Human nature, Axiology, Information, Phantasm, Sociality, Meaning

Библиография:
Nitsshe F. Volya k vlasti: opyt pereotsenki vsekh tsennostey. M.: Kul'turnaya Revolyutsiya, 2005. 878 s.
Grof Stanislav. Za predelami mozga: Rozhdenie, smert' i transtsendentsiya v psikhoterapii. M.: Izd-vo AST [i dr.], 2002. 497 s.
Lagovskiy V. 2045 god: lyudi stanut kak bogi // Komsomol'skaya pravda. 2009. 23 maya. S. 10.
Kashnitskiy Saveliy. Akademik Kaznacheev: Doloy belkovyy shovinizm // Moskovskiy komsomolets. 1999. 30 sentyabrya. S. 6.
Gurevich P.S. Desakralizatsiya mozga // Filosofskaya antropologiya. 2015. T. 1. No 1. S. 6-19. (URL: http://iph.ras.ru/iphjournal_2015_1.htm).
Morton O. Unshackled: A Survey of Biotechnology and Genetics // The Economist. 1995. Web. 25. Vol. 34. Num. P. 3.
Knyazeva E.N. Enaktivizm: novaya forma konstruktivizma v epistemologii. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ; Universitetskaya kn., 2014. 345 s.
Mindell Arnol'd. Kvantovyy um: gran' mezhdu fizikoy i psikhologiey / Per s angl. A. Kiseleva. M.: Belovod'e, 2011. 714 s.
Novoe v naukakh o cheloveke: K 85-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akademika I.T. Frolova / Otv. red. G.L. Belkina; Red.-sost. M.I. Frolova. M.: LENAND, 2015. 432 s.
Frankl Viktor. Psikhoterapiya na praktike. SPb.: Rech', 2000. 250 s.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya / Per. V.V. Bibikhina. M.: Ad Marginem, 1997. 451 s

References (transliteration):
Nitsshe F. Volya k vlasti: opyt pereotsenki vsekh tsennostey. M.: Kul'turnaya Revolyutsiya, 2005. 878 s.
Grof Stanislav. Za predelami mozga: Rozhdenie, smert' i transtsendentsiya v psikhoterapii. M.: Izd-vo AST [i dr.], 2002. 497 s.
Lagovskiy V. 2045 god: lyudi stanut kak bogi // Komsomol'skaya pravda. 2009. 23 maya. S. 10.
Kashnitskiy Saveliy. Akademik Kaznacheev: Doloy belkovyy shovinizm // Moskovskiy komsomolets. 1999. 30 sentyabrya. S. 6.
Gurevich P.S. Desakralizatsiya mozga // Filosofskaya antropologiya. 2015. T. 1. No 1. S. 6-19. (URL: http://iph.ras.ru/iphjournal_2015_1.htm).
Morton O. Unshackled: A Survey of Biotechnology and Genetics // The Economist. 1995. Web. 25. Vol. 34. Num. P. 3.
Knyazeva E.N. Enaktivizm: novaya forma konstruktivizma v epistemologii. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ; Universitetskaya kn., 2014. 345 s.
Mindell Arnol'd. Kvantovyy um: gran' mezhdu fizikoy i psikhologiey / Per s angl. A. Kiseleva. M.: Belovod'e, 2011. 714 s.
Novoe v naukakh o cheloveke: K 85-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akademika I.T. Frolova / Otv. red. G.L. Belkina; Red.-sost. M.I. Frolova. M.: LENAND, 2015. 432 s.
Frankl Viktor. Psikhoterapiya na praktike. SPb.: Rech', 2000. 250 s.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya / Per. V.V. Bibikhina. M.: Ad Marginem, 1997. 451 s

Аннотация: The Philosophy and Culture Journal has been published for eight years by now. The Journal was included in the list of readings recommended by VAK (The Higher Attestation Commission). The Higher Attestation Commission has approved the status of the Journal again this year. During these years the Journal has become popular in almost all regions from Lvov to Vladivostok, from Odessa to Murmansk. The number of the manuscripts in editor's hand is the best proof of that. The editors office does not even have an opportunity to promptly publish all the articles received. The editorial board consists of famous foreign and Russian scientists. To a certain extent, the Journal contents demonstrate what is happening in Russian philosophy. In this article Gurevich analyzes the events referring to the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the leader in this branch of science in Russia. The author bases his research article on modern interpretations of the philosophical process bringing forth a wide scope of researches in different fields, from epistemology to Oriental studies. The author of the article also discusses prospects of Russian philosophy after the Institute of Philosophy has been moved to another building, a new director has been selected, a wide-ranging discussion on further development of philosophy has been held at Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the academic community of the Russian Academy of Sciences has offered to declare the year of 2017 to be the Year of Philosophy. 

Ключевые слова: post modernism, Islamic studies, morals, ethics, intellectual atmosphere, reforms, philosophy, mind, sense logic, civilization

Библиография:
Stepin V.S. Filosofskaya antropologiya i filosofiya kul'tury: Izbrannoe. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2015. 542 s.
Smirnov A.V. Logika smysla. Teoriya i ee prilozhenie k analizu klassicheskoy arabskoy filosofii i kul'tury. M.: Yazyki slavyanskoy kul'tury, 2001. 504 s.
Smirnov A.V. Logiko-smyslovye osnovaniya arabo-musul'manskoy kul'tury: semiotika i izobrazitel'noe iskusstvo. M.: IFRAN, 2005. 254 s.
Al'-Kirmani Khamid ad-Din. Uspokoenie razuma (Rakhat al'-akl') / Per. arabsk., vved. i komment. A.V. Smirnova. M.: Ladomir, 1995. 510 s.
Smirnov A.V. Velikiy sheykh sufizma (opyt paradigmal'nogo analiza filosofii Ibn Arabi). M.: Nauka; Izd. firma «Vostochnaya literatura», 1993. 330 s.
Kto segodnya delaet filosofiyu v Rossii. T. III / Avt.-sost. A.S. Nilogov. M.: Sam Poligrafist, 2015. 736 s.
Guseynov A.A. Velikie proroki i mysliteli. Nravstvennye ucheniya ot Moiseya do nashikh dney. M.: Veche, 2009. 496 s.
Guseynov A.A. Filosofiya i etika. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov k 70-letiyu A.A. Guseynova. M.: Al'fa-M, 2009. 800 s. + 16 s.portr.
Guseynov A.A., Reznik Yu.M. Etika filosofa (v poryadke dialoga). Chast' 2. O prizvanii i otvetstvennosti filosofa (okonchanie) // Lichnost'. Kul'tura. Obshchestvo. 2014. T. XVI. Vyp. 1-2. S. 285-292.
Smirnov A.V. Filosofiya i vyzovy XXI veka // Istoriya filosofii XXI veka: vyzovy XXI veka / Otv. red. N.V. Motroshilova. M.: Kanon+; ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. S. 295-301.
Stepin V.S. Filosofiya i metodologiya nauki: Izbrannoe. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt; Al'ma Mater, 2015. 716 s.
Filosofiya v dialoge kul'tur. Vsemirnyy den' filosofii (Moskva – Sankt-Peterburg 18-19 noyabrya 2009 g.): Materialy. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2010. 1304 s.

References (transliteration):
Stepin V.S. Filosofskaya antropologiya i filosofiya kul'tury: Izbrannoe. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2015. 542 s.
Smirnov A.V. Logika smysla. Teoriya i ee prilozhenie k analizu klassicheskoy arabskoy filosofii i kul'tury. M.: Yazyki slavyanskoy kul'tury, 2001. 504 s.
Smirnov A.V. Logiko-smyslovye osnovaniya arabo-musul'manskoy kul'tury: semiotika i izobrazitel'noe iskusstvo. M.: IFRAN, 2005. 254 s.
Al'-Kirmani Khamid ad-Din. Uspokoenie razuma (Rakhat al'-akl') / Per. arabsk., vved. i komment. A.V. Smirnova. M.: Ladomir, 1995. 510 s.
Smirnov A.V. Velikiy sheykh sufizma (opyt paradigmal'nogo analiza filosofii Ibn Arabi). M.: Nauka; Izd. firma «Vostochnaya literatura», 1993. 330 s.
Kto segodnya delaet filosofiyu v Rossii. T. III / Avt.-sost. A.S. Nilogov. M.: Sam Poligrafist, 2015. 736 s.
Guseynov A.A. Velikie proroki i mysliteli. Nravstvennye ucheniya ot Moiseya do nashikh dney. M.: Veche, 2009. 496 s.
Guseynov A.A. Filosofiya i etika. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov k 70-letiyu A.A. Guseynova. M.: Al'fa-M, 2009. 800 s. + 16 s.portr.
Guseynov A.A., Reznik Yu.M. Etika filosofa (v poryadke dialoga). Chast' 2. O prizvanii i otvetstvennosti filosofa (okonchanie) // Lichnost'. Kul'tura. Obshchestvo. 2014. T. XVI. Vyp. 1-2. S. 285-292.
Smirnov A.V. Filosofiya i vyzovy XXI veka // Istoriya filosofii XXI veka: vyzovy XXI veka / Otv. red. N.V. Motroshilova. M.: Kanon+; ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. S. 295-301.
Stepin V.S. Filosofiya i metodologiya nauki: Izbrannoe. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt; Al'ma Mater, 2015. 716 s.
Filosofiya v dialoge kul'tur. Vsemirnyy den' filosofii (Moskva – Sankt-Peterburg 18-19 noyabrya 2009 g.): Materialy. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2010. 1304 s.

Аннотация: This is the review of the encyclopedic dictionary 'Philosphers of Modern Russia' (content by M. Bakhtin published in St. Petersburg in 2015). The above mentioned encylopedic dicionary is not the first attempt to provide insight into philosophers and philosophy from the point of view of the development of the latter throughout the history. In this regard, we can't keep from mentioning Pyotr Alekseev's contribution to publishing editions of this kind. Those editions excelled in strict academic manner and well developed manner of materials selection and evaluation. The encyclopedic dictionary the author is talking now does not withstand competition with the previous editions. The dictionary lacks complete data about the most famous philosophers and the material selection has a random nature as the author says himself. Gurevich bases his research on strong experience in writing encyclopedia obtained during the Soviet times. He follows traditions of the best glossaries our academic literature is so rich with. The reviewer approves of the editor's attempt to provide comprehensive and extensive research which would allow to describe different sides of the historical and philosophical process. Unfortunately, such interesting idea has led to creation of the 'intermediate' kind of dictionary. It is more likely to be the groundwork for a future substantive edition that will provide a better picture of the life of the philosophical society in our country. 

Ключевые слова: ethics, political philosophy, history of philosophy, social philosophy, theory of knowledge, philosophy, aesthetics, science, philosophical anthropology, culture

Библиография:
Filosofy sovremennoy Rossii. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar'. Izd. 3-e, ispr. i dop. / Sost., vstup. st., pril. M.V. Bakhtina. M.: Izd. dom «Maksimum»; SPb.: Izdatel'skiy mir', 2015. 816 s.
Gurevich P.S. Retsenziya na: «Filosofy Rossii nachala XXI stoletiya: Biografii, idei. Trudy: entsiklopedicheskiy slovar'» // Voprosy filosofii. 2010. № 7. S. 171.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskie prostory teorii poznaniya (tematicheskiy obzor) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. № 6(42). S. 170-179.
Knyazeva E.N. Enaktivizm: novaya forma konstruktivizma v epistemologii. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ; Universitetskaya kniga, 2014. 345 s.
Podoroga V.A. O chem sprashivayut, kogda sprashivayut «chto takoe filosofiya»? // Filosofskiy zhurnal. 2009. № 1(2). S. 5-17.
Shokhin V.K. Filosofskiy klassitsizm i sovremennoe sluzhenie dukhu vremeni // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 11(83). S. 1555-1561. (DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2014.11.13105).
Bakhtin M.V. Vstupitel'naya stat'ya // Filosofy sovremennoy Rossii. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar'. Izd. 3-e, ispr. i dop. / Sost., vstup. st., pril. M.V. Bakhtina. M.: Izd. dom «Maksimum»; SPb.: Izdatel'skiy mir', 2015. S. 3-6.
Alekseev P.V. Filosofy Rossii XIX–XX stoletiy. Biografii. Idei. Trudy. Izd-e tret'e, pererab. i dop. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 1999. 944 s.
Antichnaya filosofiya: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Predsed. red. koll. P.P. Gaydenko; Otv. red. M.A. Solopova. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2008. 896 s.
Kto segodnya delaet filosofiyu v Rossii. Tom III / Avt.-sost. A.S. Nilogov. M.: OOO «Sam Poligrafist», 2015. 736 s.
Kul'turologiya. Entsiklopediya: v 2 t. / Gl. red. i avtor proekta S.Ya. Levit. M.: ROSSPEN, 2007. T. 1 – 1302 s., T. 2 – 1184 s.
Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya: v 4 t. / Predsed. nauchno-redakts. soveta akad. RAN V.S. Stepin. M.: Mysl', 2010. T. 1 – 744 s., T. 2 – 634 s., T. 3 – 692 s., T. 4 – 736 s

References (transliteration):
Filosofy sovremennoy Rossii. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar'. Izd. 3-e, ispr. i dop. / Sost., vstup. st., pril. M.V. Bakhtina. M.: Izd. dom «Maksimum»; SPb.: Izdatel'skiy mir', 2015. 816 s.
Gurevich P.S. Retsenziya na: «Filosofy Rossii nachala XXI stoletiya: Biografii, idei. Trudy: entsiklopedicheskiy slovar'» // Voprosy filosofii. 2010. № 7. S. 171.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskie prostory teorii poznaniya (tematicheskiy obzor) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. № 6(42). S. 170-179.
Knyazeva E.N. Enaktivizm: novaya forma konstruktivizma v epistemologii. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ; Universitetskaya kniga, 2014. 345 s.
Podoroga V.A. O chem sprashivayut, kogda sprashivayut «chto takoe filosofiya»? // Filosofskiy zhurnal. 2009. № 1(2). S. 5-17.
Shokhin V.K. Filosofskiy klassitsizm i sovremennoe sluzhenie dukhu vremeni // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 11(83). S. 1555-1561. (DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2014.11.13105).
Bakhtin M.V. Vstupitel'naya stat'ya // Filosofy sovremennoy Rossii. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar'. Izd. 3-e, ispr. i dop. / Sost., vstup. st., pril. M.V. Bakhtina. M.: Izd. dom «Maksimum»; SPb.: Izdatel'skiy mir', 2015. S. 3-6.
Alekseev P.V. Filosofy Rossii XIX–XX stoletiy. Biografii. Idei. Trudy. Izd-e tret'e, pererab. i dop. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 1999. 944 s.
Antichnaya filosofiya: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Predsed. red. koll. P.P. Gaydenko; Otv. red. M.A. Solopova. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2008. 896 s.
Kto segodnya delaet filosofiyu v Rossii. Tom III / Avt.-sost. A.S. Nilogov. M.: OOO «Sam Poligrafist», 2015. 736 s.
Kul'turologiya. Entsiklopediya: v 2 t. / Gl. red. i avtor proekta S.Ya. Levit. M.: ROSSPEN, 2007. T. 1 – 1302 s., T. 2 – 1184 s.
Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya: v 4 t. / Predsed. nauchno-redakts. soveta akad. RAN V.S. Stepin. M.: Mysl', 2010. T. 1 – 744 s., T. 2 – 634 s., T. 3 – 692 s., T. 4 – 736 s

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the choice of a global project. Creation of a global civilization was initiated by the European culture. Therefore, there is an opinion that the Euro-Atlantic civilization is dominating in the modern world.  This is the civilization which values are widely extended and affect the lifestyle of many peoples. However, there is also a so-called spiritual dispute ongoing between civilizations nowadays. American sociologist Samuel Huntington was the first one to mark out that tendency. Yet, the modern realities go beyond the bounds of Huntington's concept. It now becomes apparent that the Euro-Atlantic civilization is forced to meet the challenges of other civilizations and spiritual traditions. The author of the present article bases his research on the findings of today's comparative philosophy of culture. He has also used the achievements of philosophical anthropology which analyzes world processes from the point of view of human anture. In his article Gurevich has analyzed the global policy trends that appeared after Samuel Huntington's researches had been published. Rapid development of China and India has eventually changed the state of play in the world. Chinese civilization has become capable of running a global project of its own. In this regard, the author of the present article analyzes resources and claims of major civilizations for global leadership. The novelty of the author's approach to the problem is caused by the statement that none of modern civilization can actually prove their global projects to be immutable and universal. 

Ключевые слова: culture, civilization, globalism, spiritual dispute of civilizations, global leadership, global projects, dewesternization, nationalism, rationality, sanity

Библиография:
Global'nye problemy i obshchechelovecheskie tsennosti: sbornik / Per. s angl. i fr. Sost. L.I. Vasilenko, V.E. Ermolaeva; Vvod. st. Yu.A. Shreydera. M.: Progress, 1990. 495 s.
Mezhuev V.M. Gumanizm i sovremennaya tsivilizatsiya // Mesto i rol' gumanizma v budushchey tsivilizatsii / Otv. red. G.L. Belkina. M.: Lenand, 2014. S. 35-57.
«Tsivilizatsionnaya model'» mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy i ee implikatsii (Nauchnaya diskussiya v redaktsii «Polisa») // Polis. 1995. № 1. S. 33-57.
Popov Gavriil. Kitayskiy natsionalizm i kitayskie reformy // Moskovskiy komsomolets. № 26900 ot 1 sentyabrya 2015 g.
Khantington S. Stolknovenie tsivilizatsiy. M.: AST: Astrel', 2011. 571 s.
Zhizhek Slavoy. Shchekotlivyy sub'ekt: otsutstvuyushchiy tsentr politicheskoy ontologii / Per. s angl. S. Shchukinoy. M.: Izd. dom «Delo» RANKhiGS, 2014. 528 s.
Danilevskiy N.A. Rossiya i Evropa: vzglyad na kul'turnye i politicheskie otnosheniya Slavyanskogo mira k germano-romanskomu. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 663 s.
Toynbi A.Dzh. Postizhenie istorii / Per. s angl. E.D. Zharkova. M.: Ayris-press, 2010. 637 s

References (transliteration):
Global'nye problemy i obshchechelovecheskie tsennosti: sbornik / Per. s angl. i fr. Sost. L.I. Vasilenko, V.E. Ermolaeva; Vvod. st. Yu.A. Shreydera. M.: Progress, 1990. 495 s.
Mezhuev V.M. Gumanizm i sovremennaya tsivilizatsiya // Mesto i rol' gumanizma v budushchey tsivilizatsii / Otv. red. G.L. Belkina. M.: Lenand, 2014. S. 35-57.
«Tsivilizatsionnaya model'» mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy i ee implikatsii (Nauchnaya diskussiya v redaktsii «Polisa») // Polis. 1995. № 1. S. 33-57.
Popov Gavriil. Kitayskiy natsionalizm i kitayskie reformy // Moskovskiy komsomolets. № 26900 ot 1 sentyabrya 2015 g.
Khantington S. Stolknovenie tsivilizatsiy. M.: AST: Astrel', 2011. 571 s.
Zhizhek Slavoy. Shchekotlivyy sub'ekt: otsutstvuyushchiy tsentr politicheskoy ontologii / Per. s angl. S. Shchukinoy. M.: Izd. dom «Delo» RANKhiGS, 2014. 528 s.
Danilevskiy N.A. Rossiya i Evropa: vzglyad na kul'turnye i politicheskie otnosheniya Slavyanskogo mira k germano-romanskomu. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. 663 s.
Toynbi A.Dzh. Postizhenie istorii / Per. s angl. E.D. Zharkova. M.: Ayris-press, 2010. 637 s

Аннотация: The author of the article raises a question about the relevance of philosophy of labour as a special branch of current knowledge. This question comes to mind as a result of the devaluation of both the term 'labour' and obliged and important nature of labour. Consumer society cherishes the idea of the kind of society when humans withdraw themselves from labour activity and delegates all labour functions to machines. Such desacralization of labour creates numerous philosophical issues covered by the author of the present article. Within the framework of this branch of knowledge, it appears necessary to raise a question about the role of labour in human life in general as well as particular relation between labour and human nature. Gurevich bases his research on philosophical and anthropological research methods that view human nature as having the two meanings, general content of human existence and particular everyday human life. The author assumes that without understanding human nature, it is impossible to develop a universal comprehension of the phenomenon of labour. According to the author, labour is just another side of human existence just like love, game and death. There are the things human existence is impossible without. In addition, Gurevich also discusses the role of labour in human development. Gurevich also carries out a critical analysis of Georg Simmel's theory. The author also outlines a range of questions to be analyzed in the future. 

Ключевые слова: labour, philosophy, nature, human nature, human existence, society, life, values, equality, justice

Библиография:
Marks K., Engel's F. Soch. T. 23.
Marks K., Engel's F. Soch., T. 46. Ch. I.
Zimmel' G. Filosofiya truda // Zimmel' Georg. Izbrannoe. Problemy sotsiologii. M., SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2015. S.
Burkkhardt Yakob. Razmyshleniya o vsemirnoy istorii. 2-e izd. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2013. 560 s.
Veber Al'fred. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2012. 565 s.
Veber Maks. Izbrannoe: Protestantskaya etika i dukh kapitalizma. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2012. 656 s.
Gerder Iogann Gotfrid. Idei k filosofii istorii chelovechestva. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2013. 760 s

References (transliteration):
Marks K., Engel's F. Soch. T. 23.
Marks K., Engel's F. Soch., T. 46. Ch. I.
Zimmel' G. Filosofiya truda // Zimmel' Georg. Izbrannoe. Problemy sotsiologii. M., SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2015. S.
Burkkhardt Yakob. Razmyshleniya o vsemirnoy istorii. 2-e izd. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2013. 560 s.
Veber Al'fred. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2012. 565 s.
Veber Maks. Izbrannoe: Protestantskaya etika i dukh kapitalizma. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2012. 656 s.
Gerder Iogann Gotfrid. Idei k filosofii istorii chelovechestva. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2013. 760 s

Аннотация: The present article is devoted to critical analysis of the sociobiological concept of human. It is emphasized that this approach synthesizes social Darwinism, genetic determinism and ethologism. Sociobiologists advocate the expansion of the scope of biological researches that try to explain human nature. The main objective of sociobiological disputes is to answer the question to what degree the behavior of human is determined by genetic factors, or how cultural development corresponds to human genetics. Such research trend is called genetic-cultural coevolution. Some researchers are convinced that the behavior of human is entirely determined by sociocultural prerequisites. Others, on the contrary, consider that genetic factors play the dominating role in behavior of not only animals but also humans. In his article Gurevich has used theoretical achievements of philosophical anthropology that proves uniqueness of human as a living being of a special kind. The author also describes approaches to the subject of the research from the position of sociobiologists who depreciate or eliminate the role of cultural factors in human behvior and destination. In his article the author also critisizes sociobiology taking into account the latest developments of biology and philosophy of culture. It is shown that representatives of sociobiology assumed the role of orthodox evolutionists. As well as Charles Darwin, sociobiologists try to explain social behavior of animals from the point of view of the theory of natural selection. At the same time, the author has noted that there are no bases to accept achievements of population genetics without critics. Gurevich raises a question whether modern humans are capable of changing the nature of evolution. It is proved that one should not consider evolution only as a mean of species conservation. Evolution allows to mark out only conservative features, i.e. to inherit and keep only checked and selected features in the course of development.

Ключевые слова: destructiveness, tradition, culture, animal world, sociobiology, human, animal, language, gestures, communication

Библиография:
Gurevich P.S. Dostatochno li vy ozvereli? // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2012. № 2(50). S. 4-5.
Gurevich P.S. Est' li bessoznatel'noe u zhivotnykh? // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2015. № 3(78). S. 231-234.
Midgley M. Beast and Man: The Roots of Human Nature. Routledge, 1978.
Gauze G.F., Karpinskaya R.S. Egoizm ili al'truizm? // Voprosy filosofii. 1978. № 8. S. 145-150.
Ignat'ev V.N. Sotsiobiologiya cheloveka. Teoriya genno-kul'turnoy koevolyutsii // Voprosy filosofii. 1982. № 9. S. 134-141.
Karpinskaya R.S., Nikol'skiy S.A. Kriticheskiy analiz sotsiobiologii. M.: Znanie, 1985. 64 s.
Midgley M. The Solitary Self: Darwin and the Selfish Gene. Acumen, 2010.
Wilson E.O. Sociobiology: the new synthesis. Cambridge (Mass.); London: Belknap press of Harvard univ. press, 2002. 697 s.
Novozhenov Yu.I. Globalizm i sotsiobiologiya. Ekaterinburg: Bank kul'turnoy informatsii, 2009. 241 s.
Novozhenov Yu.I. Tainstvennoe libido: Sotsiobiologicheskiy analiz chelovecheskoy seksual'nosti. Ekaterinburg: Bank kul'turnoy informatsii, 1999. 767 s.
Sapunov V.B. Esse o sotsiobiologii. SPb.: Kopi-Park, 2008. 155 s

References (transliteration):
Gurevich P.S. Dostatochno li vy ozvereli? // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2012. № 2(50). S. 4-5.
Gurevich P.S. Est' li bessoznatel'noe u zhivotnykh? // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2015. № 3(78). S. 231-234.
Midgley M. Beast and Man: The Roots of Human Nature. Routledge, 1978.
Gauze G.F., Karpinskaya R.S. Egoizm ili al'truizm? // Voprosy filosofii. 1978. № 8. S. 145-150.
Ignat'ev V.N. Sotsiobiologiya cheloveka. Teoriya genno-kul'turnoy koevolyutsii // Voprosy filosofii. 1982. № 9. S. 134-141.
Karpinskaya R.S., Nikol'skiy S.A. Kriticheskiy analiz sotsiobiologii. M.: Znanie, 1985. 64 s.
Midgley M. The Solitary Self: Darwin and the Selfish Gene. Acumen, 2010.
Wilson E.O. Sociobiology: the new synthesis. Cambridge (Mass.); London: Belknap press of Harvard univ. press, 2002. 697 s.
Novozhenov Yu.I. Globalizm i sotsiobiologiya. Ekaterinburg: Bank kul'turnoy informatsii, 2009. 241 s.
Novozhenov Yu.I. Tainstvennoe libido: Sotsiobiologicheskiy analiz chelovecheskoy seksual'nosti. Ekaterinburg: Bank kul'turnoy informatsii, 1999. 767 s.
Sapunov V.B. Esse o sotsiobiologii. SPb.: Kopi-Park, 2008. 155 s

Аннотация: The article is devoted to a very complex anthropological and social phenomenon - identity. The author of the article studies the need for self-identity as the core and deep need which is rather difficult to be satisfied. However, Gurevich states that most of the previous concepts of identity turn to be unacceptable. For example, the belief of the modern period that both a stone and human want to be what they are predetermined to be seems to be rather disputable. Nowadays human often denies his identity, gets dissolved in social anonymity and gravitates towards the zero self-identity. In his article Gurevich shows that identification is a difficult, contradictory and paradoxical process. In his research the author has ued the methods of philosophical anthropology as the science that has already developed certain principles of the analysis of particular social and anthropological issues. The author also relies on the historicity principle focusing on the fundamental changes in the interpretation of this phenomenon. The novelty of the article is caused by the fact that therein the author provides a synopsis of the problems associated with the identity phenomenon. The author emphasizes that identity is a purely human need and formed by human relations to a great extent. In this regard, identity is not a substance that starts to disappear as many authors write about. In this article Gurevich analyzes identity as the individual phenomenon first of all. However, he also demonstrates that aspiration for self-identity is typical not only for individuals but also for countries, cultures and civilizations. Special attention is paid to the 'divided consciousness' of human and identification paradoxes. 

Ключевые слова: individuation, sociality, need, self-identity, civilization, culture, identity, image, identification, divided consciousness

Библиография:
Gurevich P.S. Desakralizatsiya mozga // Filosofskaya antropologiya / Philosophical Anthropology. 2015. № 1(01). S. 6-19.
Podoroga V.A. Kairos, kriticheskiy moment. Aktual'noe proizvedenie iskusstva na marshe. M.: GRUNDRISSE, 2013. 180 s.
Khabermas Yu. Raskolotyy Zapad / Per. s nem. O.I. Velichko i E.L. Petrenko. M.: Ves' Mir, 2008. 186 s.
Aleksandr Mindadze o mutatsiyakh, pod'eme i psikhozakh. Otrezvit golod, a ne TV // Argumenty i fakty. 2015. № 26. S. 39.
Avtonomova N.S. Filosofskiy yazyk Zhaka Derrida. M.: ROSSPEN, 2011. 509 s.
Burlakova N.S., Oleshkevich V.I. Psikhologicheskaya kontseptsiya identichnosti E. Eriksona v zerkale lichnoy istorii avtora. (Opyt issledovaniya prirody kliniko-psikhologicheskogo znaniya). M.: IPTs Maska, 2011. 305 s.
Batay Zh. Proklyataya chast'. Sakral'naya sotsiologiya / Sost. S.N. Zenkin. M.: Ladomir, 2006. 742 s.
Voprosy sotsial'noy teorii: Nauchnyy al'manakh. 2010. Tom IV. Chelovek v poiskakh identichnosti / Pod red. Yu.M. Reznika i M.V. Tlostanovoy. M.: Assotsiatsiya «Mezhdistsiplinarnoe obshchestvo sotsial'noy teorii», 2010. 528 s.
Girenok F.I. Udovol'stvie myslit' inache. M.: Fond «Mir»: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2010. 235 s.
Girenok F.I. Autografiya yazyka i soznaniya. M.: MGIU, 2010. 247 s.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskoe tolkovanie cheloveka. M.-SPb: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2012. 472 s.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskaya interpretatsiya cheloveka. K 80-letiyu professora Pavla Semenovicha Gurevicha. SPb.: Petroglif, 2013. 428 s.
Kozolupenko D.P. Mifopoeticheskoe vospriyatie. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2009. 432 s.
Samokhvalova V.I. K ponimaniyu cheloveka i ego chelovecheskoy identichnosti // Polignozis. 2009. № 2(35). S. 89–102.
Podoroga V.A. Antropogrammy. Opyt samokritiki. M.: Logos, 2014. 106 s.
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M.: «Kanon +» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2012. 336 s.
Erikson E. Identichnost': yunost' i krizis. M.: Progress, 1996. 340 s

References (transliteration):
Gurevich P.S. Desakralizatsiya mozga // Filosofskaya antropologiya / Philosophical Anthropology. 2015. № 1(01). S. 6-19.
Podoroga V.A. Kairos, kriticheskiy moment. Aktual'noe proizvedenie iskusstva na marshe. M.: GRUNDRISSE, 2013. 180 s.
Khabermas Yu. Raskolotyy Zapad / Per. s nem. O.I. Velichko i E.L. Petrenko. M.: Ves' Mir, 2008. 186 s.
Aleksandr Mindadze o mutatsiyakh, pod'eme i psikhozakh. Otrezvit golod, a ne TV // Argumenty i fakty. 2015. № 26. S. 39.
Avtonomova N.S. Filosofskiy yazyk Zhaka Derrida. M.: ROSSPEN, 2011. 509 s.
Burlakova N.S., Oleshkevich V.I. Psikhologicheskaya kontseptsiya identichnosti E. Eriksona v zerkale lichnoy istorii avtora. (Opyt issledovaniya prirody kliniko-psikhologicheskogo znaniya). M.: IPTs Maska, 2011. 305 s.
Batay Zh. Proklyataya chast'. Sakral'naya sotsiologiya / Sost. S.N. Zenkin. M.: Ladomir, 2006. 742 s.
Voprosy sotsial'noy teorii: Nauchnyy al'manakh. 2010. Tom IV. Chelovek v poiskakh identichnosti / Pod red. Yu.M. Reznika i M.V. Tlostanovoy. M.: Assotsiatsiya «Mezhdistsiplinarnoe obshchestvo sotsial'noy teorii», 2010. 528 s.
Girenok F.I. Udovol'stvie myslit' inache. M.: Fond «Mir»: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2010. 235 s.
Girenok F.I. Autografiya yazyka i soznaniya. M.: MGIU, 2010. 247 s.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskoe tolkovanie cheloveka. M.-SPb: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2012. 472 s.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskaya interpretatsiya cheloveka. K 80-letiyu professora Pavla Semenovicha Gurevicha. SPb.: Petroglif, 2013. 428 s.
Kozolupenko D.P. Mifopoeticheskoe vospriyatie. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2009. 432 s.
Samokhvalova V.I. K ponimaniyu cheloveka i ego chelovecheskoy identichnosti // Polignozis. 2009. № 2(35). S. 89–102.
Podoroga V.A. Antropogrammy. Opyt samokritiki. M.: Logos, 2014. 106 s.
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M.: «Kanon +» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2012. 336 s.
Erikson E. Identichnost': yunost' i krizis. M.: Progress, 1996. 340 s

Аннотация: The subject of the research is the human identity in the situation of changing views on human nature. In the vocabulary of philosophical anthropology the terms 'human nature' and 'identity' have been reviewed and changed most of all over the past decades. Not too long ago 'human nature' was understood as a set of stable and permanent features, general dispositions and characteristics that express peculiarities of human as a living creature and that attribute to Homo sapiens at all times disregarding biological evolution and historical process. Today there are many debates on who a living creature is and what distinguishes a living creature from a cyborg. Moreover, the term 'human nature' loses its universal and abstract meaning. When a certain part of human population starts to become 'post-humans', general characteristics of human should become unstable, too. This raises a question about what part of humanity can be described through human nature. However, even more difficulties appeared when the term 'identity' was interpreted. In his article Gurevich has used the methodology of philosophical anthropology. Today's philosophical anthropology is not only a branch of philosophy or a certain philosophical discipline but a special way of thinking that can't be explained by the means of formal or dialectic logic. The initial point of anthopological philosophy has always been human in a concrete historical, social, existential or psychological situation. In his article Gurevich shows that modern transhumanism does not view human as an animal any more but at the same time human is not viewed as a social creature either. All the previous philosophical concepts of human are not 'legal' any more. We witness human stop being an animal. Transhumanists are not satisfied with the biological form of life any more. They prove that anthropomorphism is just one of the variants of intelligent life, thus other variants of intelligent life are also possible. However, human is not a social creature any more either. Quantum thinking creates new forms of coexistence and allows to distinguish an intelligent being from the social world. However, this is not the whole story. A new intelligent being becomes a Messiah who is intended to put the Universe in order and to achieve his destination which will allow to win the competition with other nonearthly creatures. All the previous definitions of identity become demolished. 

Ключевые слова: philosophy, mind, human nature, identity, life, post-human, being, existence, quantum thinking, sociality, spirit

Библиография:
Derrida Zh. Pis'mo i razlichie / Per. s fr. D.Yu. Kralechkina. SPb.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2007. 494 s.
Girenok F.I. Udovol'stvie myslit' inache. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2008. 235 s.
Girenok F.I. Autografiya yazyka i soznaniya. M.: MGIU, 2010. 247 s.
Buber M. Problema cheloveka: Spetsializir. inform. po obshcheakad. progr. «Chelovek, nauka, obshchestvo: kompleks. issled.»: K XIX Vsemir. filos. kongr.: per. / Avt. vstup. st. P.S. Gurevich. M.: INION, 1992. 146 s.
Boroday Yu.M. Erotika. Smert'. Tabu: tragediya chelovecheskogo soznaniya. M.: Gnozis; Russkoe fenomenologicheskoe obshchestvo, 1996. 416 s.
Bodriyyar Zh. Zabyt' Fuko / Per. s fr. D. Kalugina. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2000. 89 s.
Berdyaev N.A. O naznachenii cheloveka. M.: AST [i dr.], 2010. 478 s.
Berdyaev N.A. Filosofiya svobodnogo dukha. M.: Respublika, 1994. 480 s.
Sheler M. Izbrannye proizvedeniya / Pod red. A.V. Denezhkina. M.: Gnozis, 1994. 490 s.
Antonovich M.A. Edinstvo fizicheskogo i nravstvennogo kosmosa // Fenomen cheloveka: Antologiya / Sost., vstup. st. P.S. Gurevicha. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1993. 349 s.
Porshnev B.F. O nachale chelovecheskoy istorii: problemy paleopsikhologii. M.: Triksta; Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2013. 542 s.
Chernyak L. Organicheskoe kak analogiya razumnogo: Teleologiya u Kanta // Voprosy filosofii. 1997. № 1. S. 120-137.
Nazaretyan A.P. Antropologiya nasiliya i kul'tura samoorganizatsii: ocherki po evolyutsionno-istoricheskoy psikhologii. M.: Izd-vo LKI, 2007. 252 s.
Frankl V. Osnovy logoterapii. Psikhoterapiya i religiya. SPb.: Rech', 2000. 285 s.
Frankl V. Psikhoterapiya na praktike. SPb: Yuventa, 1999. 256 s.
Freyd Z. Osnovnoy instinkt / Sost., avt. predisl. i otv. red. P.S. Gurevich. M.-Nazran': Olimp; AST, 1997. 654 s

References (transliteration):
Derrida Zh. Pis'mo i razlichie / Per. s fr. D.Yu. Kralechkina. SPb.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2007. 494 s.
Girenok F.I. Udovol'stvie myslit' inache. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2008. 235 s.
Girenok F.I. Autografiya yazyka i soznaniya. M.: MGIU, 2010. 247 s.
Buber M. Problema cheloveka: Spetsializir. inform. po obshcheakad. progr. «Chelovek, nauka, obshchestvo: kompleks. issled.»: K XIX Vsemir. filos. kongr.: per. / Avt. vstup. st. P.S. Gurevich. M.: INION, 1992. 146 s.
Boroday Yu.M. Erotika. Smert'. Tabu: tragediya chelovecheskogo soznaniya. M.: Gnozis; Russkoe fenomenologicheskoe obshchestvo, 1996. 416 s.
Bodriyyar Zh. Zabyt' Fuko / Per. s fr. D. Kalugina. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2000. 89 s.
Berdyaev N.A. O naznachenii cheloveka. M.: AST [i dr.], 2010. 478 s.
Berdyaev N.A. Filosofiya svobodnogo dukha. M.: Respublika, 1994. 480 s.
Sheler M. Izbrannye proizvedeniya / Pod red. A.V. Denezhkina. M.: Gnozis, 1994. 490 s.
Antonovich M.A. Edinstvo fizicheskogo i nravstvennogo kosmosa // Fenomen cheloveka: Antologiya / Sost., vstup. st. P.S. Gurevicha. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1993. 349 s.
Porshnev B.F. O nachale chelovecheskoy istorii: problemy paleopsikhologii. M.: Triksta; Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2013. 542 s.
Chernyak L. Organicheskoe kak analogiya razumnogo: Teleologiya u Kanta // Voprosy filosofii. 1997. № 1. S. 120-137.
Nazaretyan A.P. Antropologiya nasiliya i kul'tura samoorganizatsii: ocherki po evolyutsionno-istoricheskoy psikhologii. M.: Izd-vo LKI, 2007. 252 s.
Frankl V. Osnovy logoterapii. Psikhoterapiya i religiya. SPb.: Rech', 2000. 285 s.
Frankl V. Psikhoterapiya na praktike. SPb: Yuventa, 1999. 256 s.
Freyd Z. Osnovnoy instinkt / Sost., avt. predisl. i otv. red. P.S. Gurevich. M.-Nazran': Olimp; AST, 1997. 654 s

Аннотация: Language experts are now discussing whether it is possible to invent a universal language for all nations. Many of them believe that one of the today's widely spoken languages like English or other language could become such a mean of universal communication. There have been attempts to create a universal 'artificial' language but none of these has been a success. Meanwhile, scientists are growing more and more confident that the language of symbols would be just right for the universal communication. It is already the code and set of passwords for politicians, people of art, advertising and business representatives. In this article Gurevich discusses the opportunity of creating the symbolic code that would be clear and understandable for all the humans. Gurevich analyzes the achievements of contemporary philosophy of culture. The author also bases his article on aesthetic researches and introduces the theory of communication for the purposes of the analysis. For the first time in social philosophy the author raises the question about creating a unified code of symbols for the universal communication in the process of global reconstruction of the world. In fact, such a language is already being created. Enormous numbers of people have entered the visionary worlds where symbol reigns. However, symbols do not have the features of national culture such as writing and alphabet. Taking this into account, it is necessary to admit that creation of a universal symbolic code is the topic that requires intense philosophical analysis. 

Ключевые слова: symbol, language, global studies, writing, civilizational differences, culture, mentality, multimedia, politics, communication

Библиография:
Gumbol'dt Vil'gel'm fon. Yazyk i filosofiya kul'tury / Sost., obshch. red. i vstup. stat'i A.V. Gulysh, G.V. Ramishvili. M.: Progress, 1985. 451 s.
Spirova E.M. Simvol i politika // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 3(57). S. 19-27.
Dyatlov A.A. Internet kak sredstvo sblizheniya lyudey i dialoga kul'tur // Dialog kul'tur v usloviyakh globalizatsii. XI Mezhdunarodnye Likhachevskie nauchnye chteniya 12-13 maya 2011 g. T. 1. Doklady. SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGUP, 2011. 592 s. S. 499-501.
Luzhkov Yuriy. «Zheltyy drakon» gotovitsya k pryzhku na sever…» // Argumenty nedeli. 2014. № 49. S. 2.
Kobzev Artem. Velikiy kitayskiy put' // Literaturnaya gazeta. 2011. № 34. S. 9.
Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla / Per. s fr. L. Lyubarskoy i E. Markovskoy. 2-oe izd. M.: Dobrosvet: Izd-vo «KDU», 2006. 257 s.
Smirnov A.V. Filosofiya i vyzovy XXI veka // Istoriya filosofii: vyzovy XXI veka / Otv. red. N.V. Motroshilova. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. 368 s.
B'yukenen Patrik Dzh. Smert' Zapada / Per. s angl. A. Bashkirova. M.: AST, 2007. 444 s.
Vopros natsional'noy identichnosti v kontekste globalizatsii: sbornik nauchnykh statey / Otv. red. A.N. Chumakov. M.: Prospekt, 2014. 144 s.
Rossiya v arkhitekture global'nogo mira. Tsivilizatsionnoe izmerenie / Otv. red. A.V. Smirnov. M.: Yazyki slavyanskoy kul'tury, 2015. 520 s.
Spirova E.M. Simvolicheskaya kommunikatsiya v epokhu globalizma // Transformatsiya kul'tury v global'nom informatsionnom obshchestve: sbornik nauchnykh statey / Otv. red. A.V. Kostina. M.: Izd-vo MosGU, 2009. 496 s. S. 196-208

References (transliteration):
Gumbol'dt Vil'gel'm fon. Yazyk i filosofiya kul'tury / Sost., obshch. red. i vstup. stat'i A.V. Gulysh, G.V. Ramishvili. M.: Progress, 1985. 451 s.
Spirova E.M. Simvol i politika // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 3(57). S. 19-27.
Dyatlov A.A. Internet kak sredstvo sblizheniya lyudey i dialoga kul'tur // Dialog kul'tur v usloviyakh globalizatsii. XI Mezhdunarodnye Likhachevskie nauchnye chteniya 12-13 maya 2011 g. T. 1. Doklady. SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGUP, 2011. 592 s. S. 499-501.
Luzhkov Yuriy. «Zheltyy drakon» gotovitsya k pryzhku na sever…» // Argumenty nedeli. 2014. № 49. S. 2.
Kobzev Artem. Velikiy kitayskiy put' // Literaturnaya gazeta. 2011. № 34. S. 9.
Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla / Per. s fr. L. Lyubarskoy i E. Markovskoy. 2-oe izd. M.: Dobrosvet: Izd-vo «KDU», 2006. 257 s.
Smirnov A.V. Filosofiya i vyzovy XXI veka // Istoriya filosofii: vyzovy XXI veka / Otv. red. N.V. Motroshilova. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. 368 s.
B'yukenen Patrik Dzh. Smert' Zapada / Per. s angl. A. Bashkirova. M.: AST, 2007. 444 s.
Vopros natsional'noy identichnosti v kontekste globalizatsii: sbornik nauchnykh statey / Otv. red. A.N. Chumakov. M.: Prospekt, 2014. 144 s.
Rossiya v arkhitekture global'nogo mira. Tsivilizatsionnoe izmerenie / Otv. red. A.V. Smirnov. M.: Yazyki slavyanskoy kul'tury, 2015. 520 s.
Spirova E.M. Simvolicheskaya kommunikatsiya v epokhu globalizma // Transformatsiya kul'tury v global'nom informatsionnom obshchestve: sbornik nauchnykh statey / Otv. red. A.V. Kostina. M.: Izd-vo MosGU, 2009. 496 s. S. 196-208

Аннотация: The problems of the philosophical understanding of human have always been the priority in Paul Ricoeur's researches. In the present article Gurevich tries to describe the logic of the philosophical and anthropological views of that French researcher. Special attenion is paid to the problem of human subjectivity. Paul Ricoeur developed a whole framework of concepts to describe the connection between human and his inner world. Ricoeur's philosophy is related to Husserl's phenomenology, especially that of the period of Lebenswelt. Ricoeur's philosophy was also influenced by Heidegger's existentialism, Freud's psychoanalysis and Jean Nabor's 'reflective' philosophy. Paul Ricoeur noted that he tried to avoid following monistic or dualistic ontology but to focus on the semantics of the discourse between representatives of neurosciences and philosophers who declared themselves to be inheritants of the French reflective philosophy (from Maine de Biran and Ravaisson to Jean Nabor) and at the same time phenomenology (from Husserl to Sartre and Merleau-Ponty) and hermeneutics (from Schleiermacher to Dilthey, Heidegger and Gadamer). In his article Gurevich focuses on the anthropological theme in Paul Ricoeur's phenomenology. The French philosopher managed to find that very element in Husserl's philosophy that brought together phenomenology and existentialism. That allowed Ricoeur to reconstruct phenomenological concepts. In particular, Husserl interpreted the external aim (intention) as a cognitive act. That could be compared to the phenomenological way of thinking. However, Ricoeur believed intention to be an act of will which allowed him to bring together the elements of philosophical and anthropological ways of thinking and interpret a number of categories and concepts in philosophical anthropology. 

Ключевые слова: situation in life, being, existence, philosophy, phenomenology, hermeneutics, existentialism, intention, culture, human, passion

Библиография:
Bourgeois P.L. Extention of Ricoeur s hermeneutic. The Hague, Nijhoff, 1975. 154 p.
Antichnaya filosofiya: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Predsed. red. koll. P.P. Gaydenko; Otv. red. M.A. Solopova. M., 2008. 896 s.
Gadamer G.G. Aktual'nost' prekrasnogo. M.: Iskusstvo, 1991. 367 s.
Mikhaylov A.A. Sovremennaya filosofskaya germenevtika: Kritich. analiz. Minsk: Universitetskoe, 1984. 191 s.
Riker P. Germenevtika i psikhoanaliz. Religiya i vera. M.: Iskusstvo, 1996. 270 s.
Khaydegger M. Kassel'skie doklady // Shpet G., Khaydegger M. Dva teksta o Dil'tee. M., 1995.
Shpet G.G. Germenevtika i ee problemy // Kontekst: Literaturno-teoreticheskie issledovaniya. M.: Nauka, 1989; M.: Nauka, 1990; M.: Nauka, 1991 (tri vypuska)

References (transliteration):
Bourgeois P.L. Extention of Ricoeur s hermeneutic. The Hague, Nijhoff, 1975. 154 p.
Antichnaya filosofiya: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Predsed. red. koll. P.P. Gaydenko; Otv. red. M.A. Solopova. M., 2008. 896 s.
Gadamer G.G. Aktual'nost' prekrasnogo. M.: Iskusstvo, 1991. 367 s.
Mikhaylov A.A. Sovremennaya filosofskaya germenevtika: Kritich. analiz. Minsk: Universitetskoe, 1984. 191 s.
Riker P. Germenevtika i psikhoanaliz. Religiya i vera. M.: Iskusstvo, 1996. 270 s.
Khaydegger M. Kassel'skie doklady // Shpet G., Khaydegger M. Dva teksta o Dil'tee. M., 1995.
Shpet G.G. Germenevtika i ee problemy // Kontekst: Literaturno-teoreticheskie issledovaniya. M.: Nauka, 1989; M.: Nauka, 1990; M.: Nauka, 1991 (tri vypuska)

Аннотация: Constructing man is a paranoid desire of out time. It appears that a human being can be modelled. Like in a song, «I made you from what there was». But post-modernists do not remove from the agenda the problem of human wholeness. The main point is different: if man is not «disintegrated», the collected image of man will display its well-known conventionality, stereotyped nature. And this is no good. Human fragments should acquire some plasticity, readiness for unexpected combinations. A character that for many centuries was described as individuality makes way for a «dividual», an autonomous fragmentary entity. In this article, the author continues critical analysis of human typology developed by E.Spranger as an expression of some human value or another. The German scholar believed that transformation of education would discover this potential. But the value orientation that engenders this character has proven to be more essential.The author uses methods and principles of philosophical anthropology. He takes into account many attempts at creating classifications of human characters. He analyzes psychological conceptions, too. In particular, the characterology of E. Spranger is compared with the typology of social characters offered by E. Fromm.Spranger’s characterology becomes a subject of critical analysis for the first type in Russian literature. The author points to the arbitrariness of the principle from which the German philosopher proceeds when he describes various spiritual attitudes underlying some way of life or another. As a rule, one of such attitudes prevails in activities of a particular individual. Singling out fundamental values, to which a human being is oriented in his behaviour and which finally predetermine him, Spranger does not take into account that in each of these spheres there can often be found individuals with directly opposite psychic properties and specific traits. In the article, his principle is characterized as abstract. The article shows that analysis of market orientation by E. Fromm gives a more detailed understanding of the economic man.

Ключевые слова: personality, culture, calculation, exchange of goods, utility, labour, market orientation, economic man, spirituality, depersonalization

Библиография:
Shpranger Eduard. Formy zhizni: Gumanitarnaya psikhologiya i etika lichnosti / Per. A.K. Sudakova. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. 400 s.
Gurevich P.S. Rynochnaya orientatsiya // Gurevich P.S. Sovremennyy gumanitarnyy slovar'-spravochnik. M.: AST, Olimp, 1999. 528 s. S. 359.
Antichnaya filosofiya: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Predsed. red. koll. P.P. Gaydenko; Otv. red. M.A. Solopova. M., 2008. 896 s.
Betell Tom. Sobstvennost' i protsvetanie / Per. s angl. B. Pinsker. M.: IRISEN, 2008. 474 s.
Delez Zhil', Gvattari Feliks. Anti-Edip. Kapitalizm i shizofreniya / Per. s fr. D. Kralechkina. Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya, 2007. 670 s.
Kerimova T.V. Chelovek riska: sotsial'no-filosofskie problemy. M.: OLMA Media Grupp, 2009. 204 s.
Fromm E. Psikhoanaliz i etika. M.: Nazran': AST, 1998. 566 s

References (transliteration):
Shpranger Eduard. Formy zhizni: Gumanitarnaya psikhologiya i etika lichnosti / Per. A.K. Sudakova. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. 400 s.
Gurevich P.S. Rynochnaya orientatsiya // Gurevich P.S. Sovremennyy gumanitarnyy slovar'-spravochnik. M.: AST, Olimp, 1999. 528 s. S. 359.
Antichnaya filosofiya: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Predsed. red. koll. P.P. Gaydenko; Otv. red. M.A. Solopova. M., 2008. 896 s.
Betell Tom. Sobstvennost' i protsvetanie / Per. s angl. B. Pinsker. M.: IRISEN, 2008. 474 s.
Delez Zhil', Gvattari Feliks. Anti-Edip. Kapitalizm i shizofreniya / Per. s fr. D. Kralechkina. Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya, 2007. 670 s.
Kerimova T.V. Chelovek riska: sotsial'no-filosofskie problemy. M.: OLMA Media Grupp, 2009. 204 s.
Fromm E. Psikhoanaliz i etika. M.: Nazran': AST, 1998. 566 s

Аннотация: The subject of study is classification of characters by the German philosopher and psychologist Eduard Spranger. People have long time ago noticed that the human has many faces. Socrates and Don Quixote, Falstaff and Maria Theresa, Sancho Panza and marquis de Sade, Alexander of Macedon and Harun who “ran faster than a fallow deer”, Marcus Aurelius and Dantes. Philosophers and historians sought similar and different traits in human beings. We see an individual as he conveys himself: as he moves, loves and feels, as his way of life is, as his needs, goals and longings, his ideals are and how he shapes them, what values drive him, what and how he does, realizes, creates. There are many approaches to dividing individuals as carriers of a character or type. The article offers a critical analysis of Spranger’s conception.The author uses methods and principles of philosophical anthropology. He takes into account many attempts at creating classifications of human characters. He analyzes psychological conceptions, too. In particular, the characterology of E.Spranger is compared with the typology of C.G.Jung.The characterology of Spranger becomes a subject of critical analysis for the first type in Russian literature. The author points to the arbitrariness of the principle from which the German philosopher proceeds when he describes various spiritual attitudes underlying some way of life or another. As a rule, one of such attitudes prevails in activities of a particular individual. Singling out fundamental values to which a human being is oriented in his behaviour and which finally predetermine him, Spranger does not take into account that in each of these spheres there can often be found individuals with directly opposite psychic properties and specific traits. In the article his principle is characterized as abstract.

Ключевые слова: forms of life, spiritual sphere, psyche, typology, character, personality, man, behaviour, mind, affects

Библиография:
(Post)fenomenologiya: novaya fenomenologiya vo Frantsii i za ee predelami / Sost. S.A. Sholokhova, A.V. Yampol'skaya. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt: Gaudeamus, 2014. 288 s.
Yung Karl-Gustav. Simvolicheskaya zhizn' / Per. s angl. i predisl. V.V. Zelenskogo. M.: Cogito centre, 2010. 324 s
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M.: «Kanon + ROOI» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2012. 336 s.
Gumanitarnoe znanie i vyzovy vremeni / Otv. red. i sost. toma S.Ya. Levit. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ; Universitetskaya kniga, 2014. 480 s.
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz lichnosti. M.: Institut obshchegumanitarnykh issledovaniy, 2011. 400 s.
Shpranger Eduard. Formy zhizni: Gumanitarnaya psikhologiya i etika lichnosti / Per. A.K. Sudakova. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. 400 s.

References (transliteration):
(Post)fenomenologiya: novaya fenomenologiya vo Frantsii i za ee predelami / Sost. S.A. Sholokhova, A.V. Yampol'skaya. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt: Gaudeamus, 2014. 288 s.
Yung Karl-Gustav. Simvolicheskaya zhizn' / Per. s angl. i predisl. V.V. Zelenskogo. M.: Cogito centre, 2010. 324 s
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M.: «Kanon + ROOI» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2012. 336 s.
Gumanitarnoe znanie i vyzovy vremeni / Otv. red. i sost. toma S.Ya. Levit. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ; Universitetskaya kniga, 2014. 480 s.
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz lichnosti. M.: Institut obshchegumanitarnykh issledovaniy, 2011. 400 s.
Shpranger Eduard. Formy zhizni: Gumanitarnaya psikhologiya i etika lichnosti / Per. A.K. Sudakova. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. 400 s.

Аннотация: Language is a social phenomenon sui generis. The article shows that language as a whole is not differentiated ideologically and therefore is capable of expressing social consciousness in full scope. The problem of the interrelation between language and ideology is not confined only to the ideological relatedness of the linguistic sign. It also embraces a wide circle of problems associated with the choice of a language of communication, the attitude of society to different foreign languages, their evaluation, linguistic contexts. Linguistic purism is also ideologically conditioned. But the problem raised in the article presupposes first of all analysis of the very phenomenon of ideology. It appears now fully armed with theoretical earnestness, appealing to Marxism, psychoanalysis, postmodernism, synergetics. The article uses the method of text interpretation and standard methods of scientific research, including the method of comparative analysis, partially – methodological attitudes of hermeneutic and post-structuralist approaches to the study of texts. The novelty of the approach in the article is conditioned by modern interpretation of ideology, which was analyzed by K. Marx in his time. Now philosophy offers very deep thoughts about this phenomenon in works of such authors as Paul Ricoeur, Jean Baudrillard, Jurgen Habermas, Slavoj Žižek and other philosophers. The author turns to the work of the French philosopher O. Reboul to characterize various functions of ideology. The specificity of the article is that the author’s approach permits to analyze language from the perspective of power and love of power, to specify forms of ideological discourse.

Ключевые слова: language, ideology, mythology, function, speech, text, deideologization, meta-language, truth, meaning.

Библиография:
Levy B.H. Le barbarie a visage humain. P., 1977.
Le testament de Dien. Paris, 1979.
Questions de principe. Paris, 1983.
Reboul O. Langage et ideologie. P., 1980.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Egorova I.V. «Nuzhna li nam ideologiya?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 1(55). S. 99-120.
Spirova E.M. «Protez dukhovnosti». O knige T. Adorno «O nemetskoy ideologii» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 2(56). S. 152-155.
Jakobson R. Essiss de linguistique generale. P., 1970. (Sm. russkiy perevod v kn.: Strukturalizm: za i protiv. M., 1979).
Austin J.L. How to do things with words. N.J., 1968.
Adorno T. Zhargon podlinnosti. O nemetskoy ideologii. M., 2014.
Gurevich P.S. Perevoploshchenie teksta v ideologiyu // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. № 4(64). S. 423-428
F.I. Girenok Arkheologiya yazyka i myshleniya // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2011. - 3. - C. 62 - 66.

References (transliteration):
Levy B.H. Le barbarie a visage humain. P., 1977.
Le testament de Dien. Paris, 1979.
Questions de principe. Paris, 1983.
Reboul O. Langage et ideologie. P., 1980.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Egorova I.V. «Nuzhna li nam ideologiya?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 1(55). S. 99-120.
Spirova E.M. «Protez dukhovnosti». O knige T. Adorno «O nemetskoy ideologii» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 2(56). S. 152-155.
Jakobson R. Essiss de linguistique generale. P., 1970. (Sm. russkiy perevod v kn.: Strukturalizm: za i protiv. M., 1979).
Austin J.L. How to do things with words. N.J., 1968.
Adorno T. Zhargon podlinnosti. O nemetskoy ideologii. M., 2014.
Gurevich P.S. Perevoploshchenie teksta v ideologiyu // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. № 4(64). S. 423-428
F.I. Girenok Arkheologiya yazyka i myshleniya // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2011. - 3. - C. 62 - 66.

Аннотация: The modern society cannot exist without an all-round social expertise. The social organism in itself has a very complex structure. However, never before there has been such an intensive social dynamics as the modern world is having today. The humankind is going through a radical transformation. Globalization processes have reshaped the political world map. The previous ideology is being destroyed and new spiritual movements are being created. Considering today’s competition between countries, only those states can win where leaders understand the need for changes and respond to challenges of the age. The present article is devoted to the analysis of social issues that have been discussed by the journalist of Vestnik Analitiki over one decade and a half. In his research Gurevich has used the method of historicism which allows to compare expert evaluations of famous social philosophers regarding social dynamics of the modern world. The article also contains the results of opinion surveys, brain storms and private researches of particular issues. The novelty of the article is caused by the necessity to summarize the results of the expert activity of the journal ‘Vestnik Analitiki’ for a significant period of time. Unfortunately, the journal does not exist anymore. We have to say farewell to the expertise even though it still remains an essential need of the modern society, but the author of the present article tries at least save the results of diligent researches. Pavel Gurevich deliberately uses the original text of expertise and at the same time analyzes them and provides an overview of the entire period of social expert evaluations in general.

Ключевые слова: society, reform, social stratification, ideology, civilization, spirituality, humanism, power, management, history.

Библиография:
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Simvolicheskoe pole kul'tury / Sost. L.A. Mostova. SPb., 2011. 384 s.
Burkhardt Yakob. Razmyshleniya o vsemirnoy istorii. M., SPb., 2013. 560 s.
Veber Al'fred. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M., SPb., 2012, 565 s.
Gerder Iogann Gotfrid. Idei k filosofii istorii chelovechestva. M., SPb., 2013. 760 s.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Otrazheniya kul'tury / Sost. L.A. Mostova. M., 2011. 422 s.
Gurevich Aron. Istoriya istorika. M., SPb., 2012. 285 s.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Egorova I.V. «Nuzhna li nam ideologiya?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 1(55). S. 99-120.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Egorova I.V. «Sotsial'nye illyuzii» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 3(57). S. 107-130.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Egorova I.V. «Chemu uchit istoriya?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 2(56). S. 100-121.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Saenko G.V. «Reforma kak sotsial'nyy fenomen» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2013. № 3(53). S. 105-127.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Saenko G.V. «Sotsial'naya demagogiya» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2013. № 4(54). S. 87-105.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Saenko G.V. «Sotsial'noe rassloenie: formirovanie novoy soslovnosti» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2013. № 1(51). S. 87-118.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Saenko G.V. «Chto takoe sotsial'noe gosudarstvo?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2013. № 2(52). S. 103-125.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Spirova E.M «Dukhovnost' i sovremennyy spor tsivilizatsiy» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 4(58). (v pechati).
Gurevich P.S., Guseynov A.A., Lukov V.A. «Vozhdizm v sovremennom mire» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2010. № 3(41). S. 116-140.
Gurevich P.S., Guseynov A.A., Lukov V.A. «Chto oznachaet krakh mul'tikul'turalizma?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2011. № 3(45). S. 79-102.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Vostrebovan li segodnya gumanizm?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2012. № 4(50). S. 87-105.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A. i dr. «Iz'yany i resursy sotsial'nogo upravleniya» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2008. № 3(33). S. 179-192.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Politicheskaya mifologiya» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2012. № 2(48). S. 89-112.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Problema intellektualizatsii natsii» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2010. № 4(42). S. 110-131.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Rol' lichnosti v istorii» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2012. № 1(47). S. 101-124.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Fenomen sotsial'nykh potryaseniy» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2011. № 2(44). S. 124-146.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Formula vlasti» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2012. № 3(49). S. 114-133.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Chto takoe «ideal'noe gosudarstvo», ili v kakom obshchestve vy khoteli by zhit'?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2011. № 4(46). S. 106-129.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Chto takoe stabil'noe obshchestvo?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2011. № 1(43). S. 95-122.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Kantor V.K. «Imidzh Rossii v sovremennom mire» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2010. № 1(39). S. 108-132.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Korolev S.A. «Vlast' i real'nost'» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2010. № 2(40). S. 89-111.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Rozin V.M. «Dialog obshchestva i gosudarstva» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2009. № 3(37). S. 122-141.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Tolstykh V.I., Dolgov O.V. «Preobrazhenie morali v sovremennom obshchestve» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2009. № 2(36). S. 122-146.
Gurevich P.S., Spirova E.M. i dr. «Kakim byt' otechestvennomu obrazovaniyu?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2007. № 1(27). S. 201-217.
Zimmel' Georg. Izbrannoe: Sozertsanie zhizni. M., SPb., 2014. 392 s.
Meynike Fridrikh. Vozniknovenie istorizma. M., SPb., 2013. 480 s.
Rossiya v dialoge kul'tur / Otv. red. A.A. Guseynov, A.V. Smirnov, B.O. Nikolaichev. M., 2010. 432 s.
Samariy Velikovskiy. V skreshchen'e luchey. Ocherki frantsuzskoy poezii XIX-XX vekov. M., SPb., 2011. 415 s.
Utkin A.I. XXI vek. M., 2011. 352 s.
Chelovek: obraz i sushchnost'. Gumanitarnye aspekty. Chelovek i gumanitarnoe znanie. Ezhegodnik. M., 2014. 336 s

References (transliteration):
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Simvolicheskoe pole kul'tury / Sost. L.A. Mostova. SPb., 2011. 384 s.
Burkhardt Yakob. Razmyshleniya o vsemirnoy istorii. M., SPb., 2013. 560 s.
Veber Al'fred. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M., SPb., 2012, 565 s.
Gerder Iogann Gotfrid. Idei k filosofii istorii chelovechestva. M., SPb., 2013. 760 s.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Otrazheniya kul'tury / Sost. L.A. Mostova. M., 2011. 422 s.
Gurevich Aron. Istoriya istorika. M., SPb., 2012. 285 s.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Egorova I.V. «Nuzhna li nam ideologiya?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 1(55). S. 99-120.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Egorova I.V. «Sotsial'nye illyuzii» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 3(57). S. 107-130.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Egorova I.V. «Chemu uchit istoriya?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 2(56). S. 100-121.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Saenko G.V. «Reforma kak sotsial'nyy fenomen» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2013. № 3(53). S. 105-127.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Saenko G.V. «Sotsial'naya demagogiya» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2013. № 4(54). S. 87-105.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Saenko G.V. «Sotsial'noe rassloenie: formirovanie novoy soslovnosti» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2013. № 1(51). S. 87-118.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Saenko G.V. «Chto takoe sotsial'noe gosudarstvo?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2013. № 2(52). S. 103-125.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Spirova E.M «Dukhovnost' i sovremennyy spor tsivilizatsiy» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 4(58). (v pechati).
Gurevich P.S., Guseynov A.A., Lukov V.A. «Vozhdizm v sovremennom mire» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2010. № 3(41). S. 116-140.
Gurevich P.S., Guseynov A.A., Lukov V.A. «Chto oznachaet krakh mul'tikul'turalizma?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2011. № 3(45). S. 79-102.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Vostrebovan li segodnya gumanizm?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2012. № 4(50). S. 87-105.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A. i dr. «Iz'yany i resursy sotsial'nogo upravleniya» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2008. № 3(33). S. 179-192.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Politicheskaya mifologiya» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2012. № 2(48). S. 89-112.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Problema intellektualizatsii natsii» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2010. № 4(42). S. 110-131.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Rol' lichnosti v istorii» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2012. № 1(47). S. 101-124.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Fenomen sotsial'nykh potryaseniy» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2011. № 2(44). S. 124-146.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Formula vlasti» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2012. № 3(49). S. 114-133.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Chto takoe «ideal'noe gosudarstvo», ili v kakom obshchestve vy khoteli by zhit'?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2011. № 4(46). S. 106-129.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Bueva L.P. «Chto takoe stabil'noe obshchestvo?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2011. № 1(43). S. 95-122.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Kantor V.K. «Imidzh Rossii v sovremennom mire» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2010. № 1(39). S. 108-132.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Korolev S.A. «Vlast' i real'nost'» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2010. № 2(40). S. 89-111.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Rozin V.M. «Dialog obshchestva i gosudarstva» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2009. № 3(37). S. 122-141.
Gurevich P.S., Lukov V.A., Tolstykh V.I., Dolgov O.V. «Preobrazhenie morali v sovremennom obshchestve» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2009. № 2(36). S. 122-146.
Gurevich P.S., Spirova E.M. i dr. «Kakim byt' otechestvennomu obrazovaniyu?» v rubrike «Kruglyy stol» // Vestnik analitiki. 2007. № 1(27). S. 201-217.
Zimmel' Georg. Izbrannoe: Sozertsanie zhizni. M., SPb., 2014. 392 s.
Meynike Fridrikh. Vozniknovenie istorizma. M., SPb., 2013. 480 s.
Rossiya v dialoge kul'tur / Otv. red. A.A. Guseynov, A.V. Smirnov, B.O. Nikolaichev. M., 2010. 432 s.
Samariy Velikovskiy. V skreshchen'e luchey. Ocherki frantsuzskoy poezii XIX-XX vekov. M., SPb., 2011. 415 s.
Utkin A.I. XXI vek. M., 2011. 352 s.
Chelovek: obraz i sushchnost'. Gumanitarnye aspekty. Chelovek i gumanitarnoe znanie. Ezhegodnik. M., 2014. 336 s

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the philosophical expertise of the term ‘hatred’. The author of the article analyzes hatred not only as an individual feeling but also as a social phenomenon. The author worries about the growth of hatred in the global community and Russian environment and tries to show that this dangerous symptom may lead to catastrophic consequences. In his research Pavel Gurevich analyzes historical disasters caused by fierce hatred. Hatred is viewed as a trigger of social convulsions. The author also thinks about how to decrease the degree of mutual intolerance so that hatred does not leave the burnt field of reason, the fur of ill affects and the boomerang effect. Methods used by the author in this article relate to the phenomenology of social thinking. The author bases himself on particular expressions of philosophers about hatred which creates a complete Gestalt picture of hatred as an emotional state. The author also uses the basic provision of psychoanalysis about ambivalent nature of human feelings and following Shakespeare describes hatred in love and tenderness as a disguise of hatred. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that neither philosophical no ethic vocabularies do not have a section devoted to this emotional state. The author proves hatred to be the irremovable feature of human nature. Based on Seneca, Friedrich Nietzsche, Erich Fromm, Jean-Paul Sartre and examples from the world and Russian history, the author describes different sides of this phenomenon, ist social, psychological and anthropological roots.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, psychology, rage, hatred, phenomenology, emotional ambivalence, hostility, malevolence, frenzy, history.

Библиография:
Benua Alen de. Karl Shmitt segodnya. «Spravedlivaya voyna», terrorizm, chrezvychaynoe polozhenie. M., 2013.
Glyuksmann A. Filosofiya nenavisti. M., 2006.
Nitsshe F. Genealogiya morali. SPb., 2013.
Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti. M., 1994

References (transliteration):
Benua Alen de. Karl Shmitt segodnya. «Spravedlivaya voyna», terrorizm, chrezvychaynoe polozhenie. M., 2013.
Glyuksmann A. Filosofiya nenavisti. M., 2006.
Nitsshe F. Genealogiya morali. SPb., 2013.
Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti. M., 1994

Аннотация: According to the author of the article, the main terms of the theory of civilization should be better studied analytically. In our academic literature this concept has replaced Marx’s division of history into historical periods according to the principle of social formation. However, social philosophers still haven’t reached an agreement on a single issue regarding the historical process of civilization development. For a long time civilization was understood as a transfer from savagery and barbarism to a human lifestyle. However, this opposition of barbarism to civilization raises many questions. One of them is, what barbarism is and why it managed to survive for so many years and still shows itself as the other side of civilization. Researchers haven’t clarified yet what this opposition means but start to compare different civilizations. The author bases his article o the methods of historical analysis and uses approaches of the comparative studies. When analyzing the problems under research, he appeals to the main achievements of social philosophy. He also uses the principles of philosophical understanding of human. The novelty of the article is in raising a whole number of polemic issues. The author carries out a critical evaluation of the most popular definitions of barbarism and civilization. He also tries to expand the criteria for defining particular civilizations. In this article the critics of Eurocentrism are accompanied with the analysis of the newest tends in cultural consciousness of the East. Orientalism is compared to Occidentalism. The author also analyzes the problems of the all-planet development of the humankind.

Ключевые слова: culture, civilization, barbarism, savagery, civilization, world religions, Eurocentrism, Occidentalism, rationalism, humanism.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, Volkonka 14/1, bld. 5, room No. 432.

Библиография:
«Tsivilizatsionnaya model'» mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy i ee implikatsii (Nauchnaya diskussiya v redaktsii «Polisa») // Polis. 1995. № 1.
Global'nye problemy i obshchechelovecheskie tsennosti. M., 1990.
Danilevskiy N.A. Rossiya i Evropa. M., 1991.
Mezhuev V.M. Gumanizm i sovremennaya tsivilizatsiya // Mesto i rol' gumanizma v budushchey tsivilizatsii / Otv. red. G.L. Belkina. M., 2014.
Toynbi A.Dzh. Postizhenie istorii. M., 1992.
Khantington S. Stolknovenie tsivilizatsiy // Politicheskie issledovaniya. 1994. № 1

References (transliteration):
«Tsivilizatsionnaya model'» mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy i ee implikatsii (Nauchnaya diskussiya v redaktsii «Polisa») // Polis. 1995. № 1.
Global'nye problemy i obshchechelovecheskie tsennosti. M., 1990.
Danilevskiy N.A. Rossiya i Evropa. M., 1991.
Mezhuev V.M. Gumanizm i sovremennaya tsivilizatsiya // Mesto i rol' gumanizma v budushchey tsivilizatsii / Otv. red. G.L. Belkina. M., 2014.
Toynbi A.Dzh. Postizhenie istorii. M., 1992.
Khantington S. Stolknovenie tsivilizatsiy // Politicheskie issledovaniya. 1994. № 1

Аннотация: The article is devoted to analyzing philosophical grounds of modern trans-humanism. The author is referring to the promising scientific achievements which allow to start thinking about creating a new human usually called ‘posthuman’. A number of published researches describe an incredible variant of post-human as a universal intelligent living creature when anthropopathy is only one of the variants. Not to dispute actual scientific achievements and their potentials, the author of the article pays attention to the narrow or even ludicrous philosophical and theoretical opinions on the aforesaid possibilities. There are researches that do not have a strong metaphysical framework of the key concepts like human, death, immortality or life. Many authors frankly neglect a great variety of philosophical concepts created by the humankind and ignores deep thoughts on the future in science fiction and utopian literature. Research methods used by the author of the article are based on historical and philosophical traditions. The author refers to the philosophical concepts that were created by the humankind for the purpose of understanding the fundamental concepts of the world order and human existence. When reflecting on the matter, Pavel Gurevich uses the rules of deductive and inductive logic, standard analytical procedures, hermeneutics and phenomenology rules. The novelty of the research is in the critical analysis of the simplified schemes for discovering the future. Researchers avoid discussing dangers, tricks or even fatal consequences that may be caused by convergent technologies. Convergent technologies are usually viewed only as completely beneficial future perspectives. Theoretical concepts are usually governed by the stereotypes of the modern consumer society according to which science serves to improve human life and provide new conveniences and benefits. However, the author of the present article believes that new discoveries and projects require the intense philosophical framework and detailed analysis, otherwise scientific achievements may turn out to be ruin or hazard to humanity.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, science, anthropological crisis, trans-humanist projects, convergent technologies, life, death, immortality, human, post-human.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, Volkhonka str., h. 14/1, bld. 5, room No. 432.

Библиография:
Berdyaev N.A. O naznachenii cheloveka. M., 1931.
Berdyaev N.A. Filosofiya svobodnogo dukha. M., 1994.
Bovuar Simona, Sartr Zhan-Pol'. Allyuziya lyubvi. M., 2013.
Global'noe budushchee 2045: Antropologicheskiy krizis. Konvergentnye tekhnologii. Transgumanisticheskie proekty: Materialy Pervoy Vserossiyskoy konferentsii, Belgorod, 11-12 aprelya 2013 g. / Pod red. D.I. Dubrovskogo, S.M. Klimovoy. M., 2014.
Lu Salome. Erotika. M., 2012.
Frankl V. Osnovy logoterapii. Psikhoterapiya i religiya. SPb., 2000.
Frankl V. Psikhoterapiya na praktike. SPb., 2000.
Freyd Z. Osnovnoy instinkt. M., 1997.
Sheler M. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. M., 1994

References (transliteration):
Berdyaev N.A. O naznachenii cheloveka. M., 1931.
Berdyaev N.A. Filosofiya svobodnogo dukha. M., 1994.
Bovuar Simona, Sartr Zhan-Pol'. Allyuziya lyubvi. M., 2013.
Global'noe budushchee 2045: Antropologicheskiy krizis. Konvergentnye tekhnologii. Transgumanisticheskie proekty: Materialy Pervoy Vserossiyskoy konferentsii, Belgorod, 11-12 aprelya 2013 g. / Pod red. D.I. Dubrovskogo, S.M. Klimovoy. M., 2014.
Lu Salome. Erotika. M., 2012.
Frankl V. Osnovy logoterapii. Psikhoterapiya i religiya. SPb., 2000.
Frankl V. Psikhoterapiya na praktike. SPb., 2000.
Freyd Z. Osnovnoy instinkt. M., 1997.
Sheler M. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. M., 1994

Аннотация: Social illusions have been accompanying humans throughout the history of human society. This is not surprising because social behavior of humans is not ruled by instincts or a biologically established program. Through trial and error humanity learns different forms of sociality. Noteworthy that trying to achieve happiness, humans are often drowned in utopia and violence. The English philosopher Karl Popper was right to say that the way to an ideal of happiness lies through the barbed wire. Meanwhile, we see that social illusions can be very different. There are dreams that encourage social enthusiasm, spiritual impulses and humanistic hopes. Yet there are social ideas that have a great destructive power and lead to slavery and death. It is most likely that the positive function of social illusions is to prevent people from repeating horrors and mistakes that have been known in history. Pavel Gurevich mostly bases his research on methods obtained from social philosophy. Atthesametime, healso uses what philosophical anthropology has to offer in human studies. The author also follows the historical analysis principles. The novelty of the article is in the author’s statement that it is impossible to fully understand the secrets of social dynamics. Forms of human social life are constantly changing. Science reveals new horizons of human existence. However, the attempt to explain history by universal laws ‘discovered’ by scientists was severely criticized by social philosophers.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, history, social philosophy, social illusions, society, social dynamics, historicism, human, utopian thinking, human existence.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, Volkhonka str., h. 14/1, bld. 5, room No. 432.

Библиография:
Anderson B. Voobrazhaemye soobshchestva. Razmyshleniya ob istokakh i rasprostranenii natsionalizma. M.: Kanon-Press-Ts: Kuchkovo pole, 2001.
Asp E. Vvedenie v sotsiologiyu. SPb.: Aleteyya, 1998.
Berdyaev N.A. Smysl tvorchestva: opyt opravdaniya cheloveka. M.: AST: Astrel', 2011.
Bodriyyar Zh. V teni molchalivogo bol'shinstva, ili konets sotsial'nogo / Per. s frants. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural'skogo universiteta, 2000.
Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla / Per. s frants. M.: Dobrosvet, 2010.
Bodriyyar Zh., Yaspers K. Prizrak tolpy. M.: Algoritm, 2014.
Gurevich P.S. Atomizatsiya obshchestva kak novyy fenomen // Vestnik analitiki. 2008. № 4. S. 161-172.
Kampanella T. Gorod Solntsa / Per. s lat. i komment. F.A. Petrovskogo; Per. prilozheniy M.L. Abramson [i dr.]. M.: Izd-vo Akad. nauk SSSR, 1954.
Kozlovski P. Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo. Neizbezhnyy dualizm. M.: Respublika, 1998.
Kutyrev V.A. Chelovecheskoe i inoe. Bor'ba mirov. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2009.
Mankheym K. Ideologiya i utopiya / Predisl. P.S. Gurevicha. Ch. 1-2. M.: INION, 1992.
Oruell Dzh. 1984. Skotnyy Dvor / Per. s angl. V. Golysheva, L. Bespalovoy. M.: AST, 2012.
Platon. Gosudarstvo / Per. s drevnegrech., vved. i komment. V.N. Karpova. Izd. 4-e. M.: URSS: LIBROKOM, 2012

References (transliteration):
Anderson B. Voobrazhaemye soobshchestva. Razmyshleniya ob istokakh i rasprostranenii natsionalizma. M.: Kanon-Press-Ts: Kuchkovo pole, 2001.
Asp E. Vvedenie v sotsiologiyu. SPb.: Aleteyya, 1998.
Berdyaev N.A. Smysl tvorchestva: opyt opravdaniya cheloveka. M.: AST: Astrel', 2011.
Bodriyyar Zh. V teni molchalivogo bol'shinstva, ili konets sotsial'nogo / Per. s frants. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural'skogo universiteta, 2000.
Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla / Per. s frants. M.: Dobrosvet, 2010.
Bodriyyar Zh., Yaspers K. Prizrak tolpy. M.: Algoritm, 2014.
Gurevich P.S. Atomizatsiya obshchestva kak novyy fenomen // Vestnik analitiki. 2008. № 4. S. 161-172.
Kampanella T. Gorod Solntsa / Per. s lat. i komment. F.A. Petrovskogo; Per. prilozheniy M.L. Abramson [i dr.]. M.: Izd-vo Akad. nauk SSSR, 1954.
Kozlovski P. Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo. Neizbezhnyy dualizm. M.: Respublika, 1998.
Kutyrev V.A. Chelovecheskoe i inoe. Bor'ba mirov. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2009.
Mankheym K. Ideologiya i utopiya / Predisl. P.S. Gurevicha. Ch. 1-2. M.: INION, 1992.
Oruell Dzh. 1984. Skotnyy Dvor / Per. s angl. V. Golysheva, L. Bespalovoy. M.: AST, 2012.
Platon. Gosudarstvo / Per. s drevnegrech., vved. i komment. V.N. Karpova. Izd. 4-e. M.: URSS: LIBROKOM, 2012

Аннотация: The author of the article notes that the sides of human existence mean the kind of life styles and human activities that people can’t live without. In particular, labor has always accompanied human existence. However, the role of labor is singular for each society and depends on the values of each particular culture. In the European history, for example, labor has been glorified and appraised in poems but at the same time the role of labor has been underestimated and his importance for human existence has been denied. The author of the present article bases himself on the concept of labor offered by Karl Marx, in particular, his idea about labor being a true reflection of human nature. Arguing with Marx’ conclusions, the author, at the same time, shows how popular his ideas have been as well as his critics of the capital by using the two modes of human existence — to be or to have. The author also tries to discover the natural and social grounds of labor as a special type of human activity. To study the issue the author uses historical research methods. Pavel Gurevich describes how the concept of the genesis and development of labor as a specific activity was created in the history of European philosophy. The author also provides a comparative analysis of the theories of labor offered by Marx, Jaspers and Arendt. The novelty of the article is in the author’s intention to describe labor as a side of human existence and therefore underline a special role of natural and social grounds in the genesis of labor activity. The author also offers a hypothesis that labor is not always a necessary side of human existence but only under certain conditions described in the article.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, human existence, human, human nature, labor, nature, transcendence, possession, function, sides of human existence.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, st. Volkhonka, h. 14/1, bld. 5, room No. 432.

Библиография:
Arendt Khanna. Vita activa, ili O deyatel'noy zhizni. M., 2000.
Bodriyyar Zh., Yaspers K. Prizrak tolpy. M., 2014.
Gurevich P.S. Protestantskaya i sotsial'naya etika // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2010. № 4 (19). S. 5-6.
Gurevich P.S. Transformatsiya tsennostey na rubezhe tysyacheletiy // Kharakter i lichnost'. Mnogoobrazie i integratsiya kul'turnykh tsennostey na iskhode KhKh veka. Tver', 1999. S. 11-17.
Lapitskiy Mark. Trud v traditsionnykh religiyakh Vostoka // NG-religiya. 1997. 29 maya. S.
Marinosyan Kh.E. Chestnost' vygodna kapitalistu (Protestanstskiy etos, ego genezis) // Arkhetip. 1995. № 1.
Fromm E. Imet' ili byt'? M., 2012

References (transliteration):
Arendt Khanna. Vita activa, ili O deyatel'noy zhizni. M., 2000.
Bodriyyar Zh., Yaspers K. Prizrak tolpy. M., 2014.
Gurevich P.S. Protestantskaya i sotsial'naya etika // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2010. № 4 (19). S. 5-6.
Gurevich P.S. Transformatsiya tsennostey na rubezhe tysyacheletiy // Kharakter i lichnost'. Mnogoobrazie i integratsiya kul'turnykh tsennostey na iskhode KhKh veka. Tver', 1999. S. 11-17.
Lapitskiy Mark. Trud v traditsionnykh religiyakh Vostoka // NG-religiya. 1997. 29 maya. S.
Marinosyan Kh.E. Chestnost' vygodna kapitalistu (Protestanstskiy etos, ego genezis) // Arkhetip. 1995. № 1.
Fromm E. Imet' ili byt'? M., 2012

Аннотация: Nikolay Berdyaev’ anniversary (140th anniversary of his birth) is a good reason to dispute against a number of opinions of Russian philosophers regarding evaluation of Nikolay Berdyaev’s philosophical heritage. In their speeches and scientific articles philosophers often note that Nikolay Berdyaev’s ideas are not integral and his publications contain many contradictory statements proving that Nikolay Berdyaev’s philosophical thought is rather contradictory and imperfect. Researchers also write that Berdyaev’s philosophy lacks originality and novelty and his only work that is worthy of attention is his ‘Philosophy of Inequality’ even despite the fact that the philosopher supposedly refused from his own work because it was too ‘anti-democratic’. Finally, researcherscomment that if Nikolay Berdyaev happened to be in the West, he would be regarded as the follower of the European existential tradition and wouldn’t even make a great contribution to it. In his article Pavel Gurevich uses the main concepts of existential philosophy and the global experience of philosophical understanding of human. The author of the article also uses discoveries of the personalistic philosophy as well as practical findings of the phenomenological reflection. The article presents the first attempt to provide an explicit description of the influence of Nikolay Berdyaev on the European philosophy. It is the author’s opinion that Berdyaev’s dialectics allowed him to enter the European philosophy not as an epigone but a great philosopher. The author also in detail views unexpected and original thoughts of Nikolay Berdyaev that made a great contribution to philosophy and anthropology.

Ключевые слова: philosophical anthropology, existentialism, personalism, personality, being, spirituality, non-being, transcendence, society, human.

Контактная информация: , Gurevich Pavel Semenovich

Библиография:
Berdyaev N.A. Dukh i real'nost'. M., 2006.
Berdyaev N.A. Metafizicheskaya problema svobody // Put'. 1928. № 9.
Berdyaev N.A. O naznachenii cheloveka. Opyt paradoksal'noy etiki. M., 1993.
Berdyaev N.A. Filosofiya svobody. Istoki i smysl russkogo kommunizma. M., 1997.
Bodriyar Zh. V teni molchalivogo bol'shinstva, ili Konets sotsial'nogo. Ekaterinburg, 2000.
Buber M. Dva obraza very. M., 1999.
Marsel' Gabriel'. O smelosti v metafizike. SPb., 2012.
Spirova E.M. Zarastanie transtsendentnoy tropy // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2012. № 11(50). S. 12-20.
Tillikh Paul'. Izbrannoe. Teologiya kul'tury. M., 1995.

References (transliteration):
Berdyaev N.A. Dukh i real'nost'. M., 2006.
Berdyaev N.A. Metafizicheskaya problema svobody // Put'. 1928. № 9.
Berdyaev N.A. O naznachenii cheloveka. Opyt paradoksal'noy etiki. M., 1993.
Berdyaev N.A. Filosofiya svobody. Istoki i smysl russkogo kommunizma. M., 1997.
Bodriyar Zh. V teni molchalivogo bol'shinstva, ili Konets sotsial'nogo. Ekaterinburg, 2000.
Buber M. Dva obraza very. M., 1999.
Marsel' Gabriel'. O smelosti v metafizike. SPb., 2012.
Spirova E.M. Zarastanie transtsendentnoy tropy // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2012. № 11(50). S. 12-20.
Tillikh Paul'. Izbrannoe. Teologiya kul'tury. M., 1995.

Аннотация: The author views stupidity as a social phenomenon. He analyzes gnoseological, social and psychological sources of this phenomenon. He also underlines that stupidity is difficult to be recognized because stupidity accompanies the mind and the mind always finds an excuse for stupidity using rather unexpected arguments. Meanwhile stupidity has many faces and is quite dangerous. The author of the article provides an insight into how stupidity has been viewed in the cultural history and analyzes Erasmus Roterodamus’ work The Praise of Folly and Kant’s thoughts regarding this phenomenon. In his research the author uses historical and phenomenological methods of viewing the problem. He also carries out the comparative analysis of interpretations of stupidity at different epochs and discusses the relation between these interpretations and events in modern life. The novelty of the present approach is in the fact that the relation between stupidity and absurdity is being discussed for the first time in philosophical and psychological literature and that the author draws our attention to the existential interpretation of social and cultural absurdities. The author offers a classification of different variants of stupidity and nonsense: historical (exemplary) stupidity, foreign (stereotypical) stupidity, ordinary (unlimited) stupidity, mystical (exclusive) stupidity, national (authentic) stupidity.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, psychology, absurdity, stupidity, reason, history, rationalism, mind, polysexuality, intellect.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn. 432.

Библиография:
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz lichnosti. M., 2012.
Kamyu Al'ber. Buntuyushchiy chelovek. M., 1990.
Sas Tomas. Mif dushevnoy bolezni. M., 2010.
Sol Dzhon Rolston. Ublyudki Vol'tera. Diktatura razuma na Zapade. M., 2007.
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M., 2012.
Erazm Rotterdamskiy. Filosofskie proizvedeniya. M., 1987

References (transliteration):
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz lichnosti. M., 2012.
Kamyu Al'ber. Buntuyushchiy chelovek. M., 1990.
Sas Tomas. Mif dushevnoy bolezni. M., 2010.
Sol Dzhon Rolston. Ublyudki Vol'tera. Diktatura razuma na Zapade. M., 2007.
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M., 2012.
Erazm Rotterdamskiy. Filosofskie proizvedeniya. M., 1987

Аннотация: The subject under review is the philosophy of history. This is the branch of philosophy that studies the historical process, the meaning and goals of history, the breakdown and sequence of the main historical eras and the relation between nature and history, freedom and necessity in the historical dynamics and the end of the historical process or, on the contrary, the endless future of the historical process. These general targets are achieved through solving more particular issues and answering more concrete questions such as: why do people keep memories about the historical process? Why would it be so dangerous to forget our history? What are the special features of the profound historical thinking? Is there a logic pattern in the development of history? What does the saying ‘History always gives a choice’ mean? What is the difference between the traditional society and modern society? Why are social revolutions so dangerous? What is the ‘Russian Idea’? Is the historical development linear or cyclic? What is the information society? Is there any progress in history or is the history and the world just coming to the global catastrophe? These historical questions and issues need more research and analysis. In his research the author of the article mostly bases himself on the historical method that allows to describe the logic of the historical process. The author also criticizes the positivistic approach to the description of the historical process. The scientific importance and novelty of the research is that the author tries to throw light on the main issues of modern philosophy of history. Obviously, these issues cannot be solved without considering a number of gnoseological and logical methodological issues. In particular, the French school ‘The Annals’ was founded based on the idea of social constructivism. According to the author of the article, the historical evidence as itself needs further research and interpretation.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, philosophy of history, power, history lessons, the meaning of history, power mania, freedom, tyranny, war, poetics of everyday life.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn. 432.

Библиография:
P.A. Ol'khov Svobodnyy konservator: na podstupakh k filosofii istorii N.N. Strakhova // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2010.-8.-C. 103-109.
Przhilenskiy V.I. Filosofiya nauki kak issledovatel'skaya programma: mezhdu istoriey nauki i teoriey poznaniya // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-3.-C. 205-228. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.3.267. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_267.html
Sizemskaya I.N. A.I. Gertsen o variativnosti istoricheskogo protsessa // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-3.-C. 229-262. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.3.469. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_469.html
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M., 2012
I.N. Sizemskaya «Moskva — tretiy Rim»: u istokov russkoy filosofii istorii // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-1.-C. 60-68. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.01.5.
Gurevich Aron. Istoriya istorika. M., SPb., 2012.
Meynike Fridrikh. Vozniknovenie istorizma. M., SPb., 2013.
Obrazy proshlogo. Sbornik pamyati A.Ya. Gurevicha. SPb., 2011.
Gurevich Aron. Izbrannye trudy. Srednevekovyy mir. M., SPb., 2013.
Gurevich Aron. Istoricheskiy sintez i shkola «Annalov». M., SPb., 2014.
Veber Al'fred. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M., SPb., 2012.
Gerder Iogann Gotfrid. Idei k filosofii istorii filosofii. M., SPb., 2013.
Burkkhardt Yakob. Razmyshleniya o vsemirnoy istorii. M., SPb., 2013.
Berdyaev Nikolay. Smysl istorii. M., 1990.
Bul'tman Rudol'f. Istoriya i eskhatologiya. Prisutstvie vechnosti / Perevod s angl. A.M. Rutkevich. M., 2012.
V.V. Lazarev Metafizika sud'by v istoriosofii Nikolaya Berdyaeva // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2010.-5.-C. 20-31.
Grishin V.V.. Religioznaya filosofiya, russkaya literatura i ekzistentsializm v poiske smysla zhizni. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-№ 12.-C. 1770-1775. DOI: .10.7256/1999-2793.2013.12.7606
Samarskaya E.A.. Chelovek i istoriya (filosofskaya polemika v ranneindustrial'nykh obshchestvakh). // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-№ 10.-C. 1419-1427. DOI: .10.7256/1999-2793.2013.10.9094
Lapina T.S.. Identifikatsiya kul'tury: filosofskie kriterii. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-№ 10.-C. 1407-1418. DOI: .10.7256/1999-2793.2013.10.898

References (transliteration):
P.A. Ol'khov Svobodnyy konservator: na podstupakh k filosofii istorii N.N. Strakhova // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2010.-8.-C. 103-109.
Przhilenskiy V.I. Filosofiya nauki kak issledovatel'skaya programma: mezhdu istoriey nauki i teoriey poznaniya // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-3.-C. 205-228. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.3.267. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_267.html
Sizemskaya I.N. A.I. Gertsen o variativnosti istoricheskogo protsessa // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-3.-C. 229-262. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.3.469. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_469.html
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M., 2012
I.N. Sizemskaya «Moskva — tretiy Rim»: u istokov russkoy filosofii istorii // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-1.-C. 60-68. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.01.5.
Gurevich Aron. Istoriya istorika. M., SPb., 2012.
Meynike Fridrikh. Vozniknovenie istorizma. M., SPb., 2013.
Obrazy proshlogo. Sbornik pamyati A.Ya. Gurevicha. SPb., 2011.
Gurevich Aron. Izbrannye trudy. Srednevekovyy mir. M., SPb., 2013.
Gurevich Aron. Istoricheskiy sintez i shkola «Annalov». M., SPb., 2014.
Veber Al'fred. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M., SPb., 2012.
Gerder Iogann Gotfrid. Idei k filosofii istorii filosofii. M., SPb., 2013.
Burkkhardt Yakob. Razmyshleniya o vsemirnoy istorii. M., SPb., 2013.
Berdyaev Nikolay. Smysl istorii. M., 1990.
Bul'tman Rudol'f. Istoriya i eskhatologiya. Prisutstvie vechnosti / Perevod s angl. A.M. Rutkevich. M., 2012.
V.V. Lazarev Metafizika sud'by v istoriosofii Nikolaya Berdyaeva // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2010.-5.-C. 20-31.
Grishin V.V.. Religioznaya filosofiya, russkaya literatura i ekzistentsializm v poiske smysla zhizni. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-№ 12.-C. 1770-1775. DOI: .10.7256/1999-2793.2013.12.7606
Samarskaya E.A.. Chelovek i istoriya (filosofskaya polemika v ranneindustrial'nykh obshchestvakh). // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-№ 10.-C. 1419-1427. DOI: .10.7256/1999-2793.2013.10.9094
Lapina T.S.. Identifikatsiya kul'tury: filosofskie kriterii. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-№ 10.-C. 1407-1418. DOI: .10.7256/1999-2793.2013.10.898

Аннотация: The present article is devoted to the philosophy and creative work by Theodor Adorno. In 2011 the book ‘The Jargon of Authenticity’ written by the leading member of the Frankfurt School was published. The book was first published in Germany half a century ago and today the author of the present article tries to reveal the nature of Theodor Adorno’s ‘sad science’. The book presents a philosophical tradition named the ‘critical theory of ideology’. Adorno shows that ideology exists in particular forms that are called by intelligentsia and others by common jargon terms. These terms are used in teaching and at people’s universities and youth unions. Ideological jargon is standardized. However, it is also the language that seems to be ‘not for everyone’. People tend to be attracted to the feeling of belonging to these or those intellectual traditions rather than to the meaning of terms. In his research article the author uses different methods. First of all, he uses the historical method that allows him to describe the creative work by Theodor Adorno as a complete phenomenon. At the same time, the author also uses the phenomenological method that allows him to reveal the deep philosophical core of Adorno’s works. Hermeneutic method also allows to analyze the above mentioned form of ideology that reveals itself in hidden forms. The novelty of the article is the description of Adorno’s works as the ‘sad science’. Criticism of established forms of social communication implies the proof that these forms of social communication are void. The author of the article shows that jargon has a rather dynamic nature and reflects a rather negative spirit of those times as just serving certain social purposes.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, social studies, esthetics, culture, Adorno, dialectics, ideology, power, jargon, embodiment.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn. 432.

Библиография:
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Natsional'no-kul'turnaya identichnost' v kontekste filosofskoy traditsii dialoga kul'tur // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-10.-C. 183-244. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.10.8848. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_8848.html
Belyaev V.A. K idee interkul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-5.-C. 309-346. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.5.443. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_443.html
Kanasz T.. Rol' nadezhdy i optimizma v sovremennoy kul'ture // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva.-2013.-5.-C. 47-69. DOI: 10.7256/2306-1618.2013.5.10114. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_10114.html
Popov E.A. Kul'tura, obshchestvo i chelovek v ob'ektno-predmetnom pole sovremennoy sotsial'noy kul'turologii i sotsiologii kul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-3.-C. 170-204. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.3.415. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_415.html
Kenya I.A. Dialog kul'tur russkoy i frantsuzskoy tsivilizatsii: imena i sud'by // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva.-2013.-1.-C. 147-165. DOI: 10.7256/2306-1618.2013.1.523. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_523.html
Prokhorov M.M. Atributivnoe opredelenie bytiya: tret'ya istoricheskaya forma protivopolozhnosti dialektiki i metafiziki // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2012.-5.-C. 1-100. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_244.html
Kuchinov A.M. Podkhod k analizu politicheskogo protsessa cherez ego vzaimosvyaz' s sotsiokul'turnoy dinamikoy – al'ternativa podkhodu «politicheskoy kul'tury» // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva.-2013.-4.-C. 43-52. DOI: 10.7256/2306-1618.2013.4.5567. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_5567.html
Spirova E.M. Protez dukhovnosti // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 2. (v pechati)
Adorno T. Zhargon podlinnosti. O nemetskoy ideologii. M., 2011.
Adorno T. Problemy filosofii morali. M., 2000.
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz lichnosti. M., 2011.
Podoroga V.A. Kairos, kriticheskiy moment. Aktual'noe proizvedenie iskusstva na marshe. M., 2013.

References (transliteration):
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Natsional'no-kul'turnaya identichnost' v kontekste filosofskoy traditsii dialoga kul'tur // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-10.-C. 183-244. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.10.8848. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_8848.html
Belyaev V.A. K idee interkul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-5.-C. 309-346. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.5.443. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_443.html
Kanasz T.. Rol' nadezhdy i optimizma v sovremennoy kul'ture // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva.-2013.-5.-C. 47-69. DOI: 10.7256/2306-1618.2013.5.10114. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_10114.html
Popov E.A. Kul'tura, obshchestvo i chelovek v ob'ektno-predmetnom pole sovremennoy sotsial'noy kul'turologii i sotsiologii kul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-3.-C. 170-204. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.3.415. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_415.html
Kenya I.A. Dialog kul'tur russkoy i frantsuzskoy tsivilizatsii: imena i sud'by // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva.-2013.-1.-C. 147-165. DOI: 10.7256/2306-1618.2013.1.523. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_523.html
Prokhorov M.M. Atributivnoe opredelenie bytiya: tret'ya istoricheskaya forma protivopolozhnosti dialektiki i metafiziki // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2012.-5.-C. 1-100. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_244.html
Kuchinov A.M. Podkhod k analizu politicheskogo protsessa cherez ego vzaimosvyaz' s sotsiokul'turnoy dinamikoy – al'ternativa podkhodu «politicheskoy kul'tury» // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva.-2013.-4.-C. 43-52. DOI: 10.7256/2306-1618.2013.4.5567. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_5567.html
Spirova E.M. Protez dukhovnosti // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 2. (v pechati)
Adorno T. Zhargon podlinnosti. O nemetskoy ideologii. M., 2011.
Adorno T. Problemy filosofii morali. M., 2000.
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz lichnosti. M., 2011.
Podoroga V.A. Kairos, kriticheskiy moment. Aktual'noe proizvedenie iskusstva na marshe. M., 2013.

Аннотация: The author of the article raises a question about the role of ideology in the historical process. Social philosophers constantly argue whether ideology is of any use at all. On one hand the term ‘ideology’ was created at the Age of Enlightenment. There was a need in a particular theory that would describe the role of ideas, functions of doctrines and prove their unquestioning importance. On the other hand, quite a unique phenomenon called ‘ideological criticism’ was born at the same time. Discovery of ‘false consciousness’ seemed to have rich philosophical traditions but the tendency towards glorification of ideology and analysis of its essential role in human life. In order to compare different approaches to ideology, from denying to glorifying it, the author of the article uses traditions offered by historicism. He also uses the method of phenomenological analysis for analyzing such a complex social phenomenon. The main idea of the article and novelty of the research is that there is no single attitude to ideology. The process of ideologization is replaced with the process of de-ideologization. This is in many ways connected to the social and historical approach. At the meridian of its activity, the government always insists on creating a new ideology and tries to prove its importance and value for the society. In the meantime, new social forces trying to gain the power criticize the previous ideology and try to disclose social myths.

Ключевые слова: ideology, falseconsciousness, ideological criticism, ideologization, re-ideologization, philosophy, world view, history, science, government.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Vokhonka 14/1, bld. 5, room 432.

Библиография:
V.V. Kochetkov Rossiyskaya elitologiya: nauka ili ideologiya? // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2013.-4.-C. 515-525. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.04.18.
Koren' R.V.. Manipulyatsiya soznaniem i nauchno-sotsiologicheskie strasti. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2013.-№ 11.-C. 1074-1089. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.11.9004.
Shchuplenkov O.V. Nravstvennye imperativy russkoy istorii // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-7.-C. 241-286. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_421.html
A.A. Borisenkov Osobennosti politicheskogo soznaniya // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-1.-C. 79-87. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.01.7.
Ellyul' Zh. Politicheskaya illyuziya / Pod red. V.I. Danilenko. M., 2003
Fatenkov A.N. Mirovozzrencheskie aporii sovremennoy Rossii // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2014.-1.-C. 203-262. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_10624.html
Tikhonov V.V. «…Zabit' posledniy gvozd' v kryshku politicheskogo groba Isaaka Mintsa i ego prikhvostney»: razgrom «gruppy» istorika I.I. Mintsa v gody ideologicheskikh kampaniy «pozdnego stalinizma» // NB: Istoricheskie issledovaniya.-2013.-2.-C. 1-28. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/hr/article_701.html
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M., 2012.
Sloterdayk P. Kritika tsinicheskogo razuma / Perev. s nem. A.V. Pertseva. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural, un-ta, 2001.
Gurevich P.S. Mekhanika politicheskoy mifologii // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. № 7. S. 621-626.
Granov V.D., Gurevich P.S., Semchenko A.T. V poiskakh dukhovnoy opory. M., 1981.
R.K. Omel'chuk. Ideologiya v pedagogike: idealy filosofii ili idoly kul'tury?.. // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie.-2013.-№ 2.-C. 114-124. DOI: 10.7256/2306-434Kh.2013.2.7393.
P.S. Gurevich. Perevoploshchenie teksta v ideologiyu. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-№ 4.-C. 423-428. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.04.1.
V.V. Kochetkov. Rossiyskaya elitologiya: nauka ili ideologiya?. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2013.-№ 4.-C. 515-525. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.04.18.
Chzhou Syin'. Polyusa konservativnoy mysli: ideologiya konservatizma v rabotakh evropeyskikh filosofov XVIII-XIX vekov v komparativistskom aspekte. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2012.-№ 2.-C. 38-41.
V. A. Sosnin. Ideologiya Global'nogo Dzhikhada kak dukhovno-nravstvennaya motivatsiya opravdaniya suitsidal'nogo terrorizma islamskimi radikalami. // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2012.-№ 1.-C. 92-101.
Z.U. Omarova, S.Z. Yakubova. Religiozno-politicheskiy ekstremizm: ideologiya protivodeystviya. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2011.-№ 10.-C. 22-26.
Yu.V.Sorokina. Ideologiya i politicheskaya vlast'. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2010.-№ 2. S.Yu. Poyarkov. Ideologiya rossiyskogo konstitutsionalizma kak uslovie razvitiya grazhdanskogo obshchestva. // Pravo i politika.-2009.-№ 8.
K.A.Bogatyrev.. Osnovnye prioritety razvitiya gosudarstvennoy ideologii v Rossii.. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2009.-№ 7.
S. Yu. Poyarkov. Ideologicheskaya bezopasnost' rossiyskogo gosudarstva: ponyatie i sushchnost'.. // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2009.-№ 2.
D.Kh. Aliev. Podkhody k osmysleniyu natsii i natsionalizma.. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2009.-№ 2.
S.Yu. Poyarkov. Rossiyskiy konstitutsionalizm: ideologicheskiy aspekt.. // Pravo i politika.-2009.-№ 4.
V.V. Krasinskiy. Ideologiya Vosstaniya v istorii politiko-pravovykh ucheniy.. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2005.-№ 6.

References (transliteration):
V.V. Kochetkov Rossiyskaya elitologiya: nauka ili ideologiya? // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2013.-4.-C. 515-525. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.04.18.
Koren' R.V.. Manipulyatsiya soznaniem i nauchno-sotsiologicheskie strasti. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2013.-№ 11.-C. 1074-1089. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.11.9004.
Shchuplenkov O.V. Nravstvennye imperativy russkoy istorii // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-7.-C. 241-286. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_421.html
A.A. Borisenkov Osobennosti politicheskogo soznaniya // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-1.-C. 79-87. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.01.7.
Ellyul' Zh. Politicheskaya illyuziya / Pod red. V.I. Danilenko. M., 2003
Fatenkov A.N. Mirovozzrencheskie aporii sovremennoy Rossii // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2014.-1.-C. 203-262. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_10624.html
Tikhonov V.V. «…Zabit' posledniy gvozd' v kryshku politicheskogo groba Isaaka Mintsa i ego prikhvostney»: razgrom «gruppy» istorika I.I. Mintsa v gody ideologicheskikh kampaniy «pozdnego stalinizma» // NB: Istoricheskie issledovaniya.-2013.-2.-C. 1-28. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/hr/article_701.html
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M., 2012.
Sloterdayk P. Kritika tsinicheskogo razuma / Perev. s nem. A.V. Pertseva. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural, un-ta, 2001.
Gurevich P.S. Mekhanika politicheskoy mifologii // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. № 7. S. 621-626.
Granov V.D., Gurevich P.S., Semchenko A.T. V poiskakh dukhovnoy opory. M., 1981.
R.K. Omel'chuk. Ideologiya v pedagogike: idealy filosofii ili idoly kul'tury?.. // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie.-2013.-№ 2.-C. 114-124. DOI: 10.7256/2306-434Kh.2013.2.7393.
P.S. Gurevich. Perevoploshchenie teksta v ideologiyu. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-№ 4.-C. 423-428. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.04.1.
V.V. Kochetkov. Rossiyskaya elitologiya: nauka ili ideologiya?. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2013.-№ 4.-C. 515-525. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.04.18.
Chzhou Syin'. Polyusa konservativnoy mysli: ideologiya konservatizma v rabotakh evropeyskikh filosofov XVIII-XIX vekov v komparativistskom aspekte. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2012.-№ 2.-C. 38-41.
V. A. Sosnin. Ideologiya Global'nogo Dzhikhada kak dukhovno-nravstvennaya motivatsiya opravdaniya suitsidal'nogo terrorizma islamskimi radikalami. // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2012.-№ 1.-C. 92-101.
Z.U. Omarova, S.Z. Yakubova. Religiozno-politicheskiy ekstremizm: ideologiya protivodeystviya. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2011.-№ 10.-C. 22-26.
Yu.V.Sorokina. Ideologiya i politicheskaya vlast'. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2010.-№ 2. S.Yu. Poyarkov. Ideologiya rossiyskogo konstitutsionalizma kak uslovie razvitiya grazhdanskogo obshchestva. // Pravo i politika.-2009.-№ 8.
K.A.Bogatyrev.. Osnovnye prioritety razvitiya gosudarstvennoy ideologii v Rossii.. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2009.-№ 7.
S. Yu. Poyarkov. Ideologicheskaya bezopasnost' rossiyskogo gosudarstva: ponyatie i sushchnost'.. // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2009.-№ 2.
D.Kh. Aliev. Podkhody k osmysleniyu natsii i natsionalizma.. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2009.-№ 2.
S.Yu. Poyarkov. Rossiyskiy konstitutsionalizm: ideologicheskiy aspekt.. // Pravo i politika.-2009.-№ 4.
V.V. Krasinskiy. Ideologiya Vosstaniya v istorii politiko-pravovykh ucheniy.. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2005.-№ 6.

Аннотация: The author of the article raises a question about paradigms being an essential part of modern anthropology. The paradox is that the most recent findings in philosophy of human are found side by side with previous, former concepts of human. For instance, Fedor Girenok’s notes published in the Literaturnaya Gazeta immediately caused a sharp response from scientists, educators and readers. Researchers reproached Fedor Girenok for discussing the nature of consciousness from the idealistic point of view instead of supporting materialistic views. Meanwhile Fedor Girenok shared the most recent discoveries in the sphere of studying brain activity. The author of the present article talks about philosophy and science, their relation and difficult, often dramatic connections. The author of the article tries to understand whether it is acceptable to apply the term «paradigm» to anthropology. In order to answer this question, it is necessary to specify peculiarities of the conclusions made by modern human sciences.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, science, human, knowledge, paradigm, system, death of human, cognition of life, mental adventures, consciousness, brain.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Vokhonka 14/1, bld. 5, room 432.

Библиография:
Girenok F.I. Figury i skladki. M., 2013.
Grof S. Istselenie nashikh samykh glubokikh ran. Kholotropnyy sdvig paradigmy. M., 2012.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskaya interpretatsiya cheloveka. M., 2013.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskoe tolkovanie cheloveka. M., 2012.
Lobanova M. Zapadno-evropeyskoe muzykal'noe barokko: problemy estetiki i poetiki. M.-SPb, 2013.
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M., 2011.
Tart Ch. Konets materializma. Nachalo dukhovnogo probuzhdeniya. M., 2013
Aleynik R.M. Poznanie i mirovozzreniya: naturalistskaya pozitsiya // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2013. - 6. - C. 40 - 67. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_181.html

References (transliteration):
Girenok F.I. Figury i skladki. M., 2013.
Grof S. Istselenie nashikh samykh glubokikh ran. Kholotropnyy sdvig paradigmy. M., 2012.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskaya interpretatsiya cheloveka. M., 2013.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskoe tolkovanie cheloveka. M., 2012.
Lobanova M. Zapadno-evropeyskoe muzykal'noe barokko: problemy estetiki i poetiki. M.-SPb, 2013.
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M., 2011.
Tart Ch. Konets materializma. Nachalo dukhovnogo probuzhdeniya. M., 2013
Aleynik R.M. Poznanie i mirovozzreniya: naturalistskaya pozitsiya // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2013. - 6. - C. 40 - 67. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_181.html

Аннотация: Is it possible to imagine a civilization where Evil is not only appealing but also has proven ideological and metaphysical grounds. When discussing the question about the relation between Evil and Good, philosophers tend to think of Good as a blessing and Evil as a fatal malice. Philosophers usually try to understand where Evil came from and whether we can and should eliminate it. They tend to think that Evil has a mission but what is that mission? Theologians and philosophers have many debates about it. The idea about a close relation between Good and Evil has been the subject of fierce discussions. The problem itself has a deep metaphysical meaning. However, the previous centuries showed that Good did not always oppose to Evil. Very often Evil had such undeniable arguments that modern researchers view it as a proved ontological ground. The author of the present article tries to understand the meaning of ontological interpretation of Evil, why Evil and Good always correlate and why Evil makes us think that God is not all merciful or powerful. The author also touches upon the question which was already raised by Soren Kierkegaard: does the existence of Evil present some kind of a paradox?

Ключевые слова: philosophy, Evil, Good, God, choice, freedom, theodicy, morals, will, theology.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn. 432.

Библиография:
Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla. M., 2006.
Gurevich P.S. Etika: Uchebnik. M., 2013.
Guseynov A.A. Filosofiya i etika. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov k 70-letiyu akademika A.A. Guseynova. M., 2009.
Solov'ev E.Yu. Istoriya tolkuet nas. Ocherki po istorii filosofii i kul'tury. M., 1991.
Shekli R. Tsivilizatsiya statusa: Povesti. Rasskazy. M., 2000

References (transliteration):
Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla. M., 2006.
Gurevich P.S. Etika: Uchebnik. M., 2013.
Guseynov A.A. Filosofiya i etika. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov k 70-letiyu akademika A.A. Guseynova. M., 2009.
Solov'ev E.Yu. Istoriya tolkuet nas. Ocherki po istorii filosofii i kul'tury. M., 1991.
Shekli R. Tsivilizatsiya statusa: Povesti. Rasskazy. M., 2000

Аннотация: In the previous issue of the Philosophy and Culture journal the editor-in-chief’ column was devoted to the origin of the word ‘demagogue’ and transformation of its meaning during the Antique period. Tracing back the history of that phenomenon, the author showed how the term had been acquiring different shades and meanings. The term came from Antique Greece and completely changed its meaning since those times. Initially the word had no negative meaning. For instance, when Aristotle wanted to express his attitude to a leader who could lead people using such methods as speech, actions and gifts, he would call him a demagogue. In this issue the author continues the topic and discusses how the term developed after the Antique period. Today the term ‘demagogue’ has a negative and sharp meaning. When making a decision, a politician might turn out to be a demagogue or a cynic. Perhaps Machiavelli was right when he made it almost legal for a politician to lie to the people? What if politics and demagogue are twins? If they are, then people have the right to abandon such a politician. As an intermediary between different social layers, a politician has to cover up contradictions and create the impression of cooperation and harmony. However, sooner or later this becomes unbearable for the society. The author of the article traces back the history of development of the term in European interpretation and views important aspects of modern ideology.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, demagogue, phenomenon, propaganda, myth, ideology, politics, rhetoric, apoliteia.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka,. 14/1, bld. 5, room 432.

Библиография:
Gurevich P.S. Sotsial'naya mifologiya. M., 1993.
Danilenko V.I. Sovremennyy politologicheskiy slovar'. M., 2000.
Mochkin A.N. Velikaya politika F. Nitsshe i konservativnaya revolyutsiya // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. № 4 (40). S. 78-87.
Tokvil' A. Demokratiya v Amerike. M., 2000.
Evola Yu. Yazycheskiy imperializm. M.: Russkoe slovo, 1992

References (transliteration):
Gurevich P.S. Sotsial'naya mifologiya. M., 1993.
Danilenko V.I. Sovremennyy politologicheskiy slovar'. M., 2000.
Mochkin A.N. Velikaya politika F. Nitsshe i konservativnaya revolyutsiya // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. № 4 (40). S. 78-87.
Tokvil' A. Demokratiya v Amerike. M., 2000.
Evola Yu. Yazycheskiy imperializm. M.: Russkoe slovo, 1992

Аннотация: ‘Demagogue’ was quite a common word in the history of political thought. However, it’s been forgotten over the last decades. Other terms were started to be used to describe a leader’s activity in a negative light such as ‘manipulator’ and ‘populist’. Tracing back the history of this phenomenon, the author shows that this word now has different shades and meanings. It came from antique Greece and underwent radical changes in its meaning. Initially, the term had no negative meaning. For instance, when Aristotle wanted to express his attitude towards a leader or a governor who could make people follow him by using such methods as speech, actions or gifts, he called him a demagogue. Demagogues actually expressed people’s interests and protected their rights. Tyranny was well known in the Antique times. To protect people from despotism and to express their problems in a rightful way – this was what demagogues strived for. The author of the article also tries to compare the terms ‘social demagogue’ with ‘populism’ and ‘propaganda’.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, social demagoguery, people, politics, leader, governor, power, Populism, propaganda, manipulation.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka,. 14/1, bld. 5, room 432.

Библиография:
1. Veber Al'fred. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M., 2012.
2. Gerder Iogann Gotfrid. Idei k filosofii istorii chelovechestva. M.; SPb, 2013.
3. Gurevich P.S. Politicheskaya psikhologiya. M., 2013.
4. Danilenko V.I. Sovremennyy politologicheskiy slovar'. M., 2000.

References (transliteration):
1. Veber Al'fred. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M., 2012.
2. Gerder Iogann Gotfrid. Idei k filosofii istorii chelovechestva. M.; SPb, 2013.
3. Gurevich P.S. Politicheskaya psikhologiya. M., 2013.
4. Danilenko V.I. Sovremennyy politologicheskiy slovar'. M., 2000.

Аннотация: The article contains non-trivial interpretation of the social chaos. The author takes the concept of Jean Baudrillard as a basis, and then he shows that the breaks of history, various catastrophes and extreme events should not be regarded as failures within the planned, linear and rational development of the social processes. The chaos is not a deviation from the established historical roadmap. It does not exist as a backside of the rational interpretation of social processes. J. Baudrillard shows that social cataclysms, and extraordinary events are regular, since they are similar and they correspond to the social system itself. At the same time, the author notes the inconsistency of thoughts of the French philosopher, who considers that the ripening of the social disasters allows to get rid of irrational formations to some degree. Therefore, the critical pathetic of his original concept is not consistent. The position of the French philosopher is such that chaos gives birth to chaos, and at the same time it frees the historic process from various mystical events. It obviously requires additional arguments or more convincing illustrations.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, chaos, history, cataclysm, society, rationalism, irrationalism, accident, regular evil, virtuality.

Контактная информация: Gurevich, Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moskva, ul. Volkhonka, d. 14/1, str. 5, komn. 432.

Библиография:
1. Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla. M., 2006.
2. Gurevich P.S. Psikhologiya chrezvychaynykh situatsiy. M., 2007.
3. Kerimova T.V. Chelovek riska. Sotsial'no-filosofskie problemy. M., 2009.
4. Motroshilova N.V. Martin Khaydegger i Khanna Arendt. Bytie-vremya-lyubov'. M., 2013.

References (transliteration):
1. Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla. M., 2006.
2. Gurevich P.S. Psikhologiya chrezvychaynykh situatsiy. M., 2007.
3. Kerimova T.V. Chelovek riska. Sotsial'no-filosofskie problemy. M., 2009.
4. Motroshilova N.V. Martin Khaydegger i Khanna Arendt. Bytie-vremya-lyubov'. M., 2013.

Аннотация: At the end of XIX century Japan was about to jump from feudalism into a modern world. How would it be possible to perform such transformation in history? Experience of Europe mostly showed that it would be impossible without a social revolution. As many social philosophers assumed, only a social revolution could enable a fast shift from one socio-economic system to another. Of course social reformation was also taken into account, but it was believed that only social revolution would break the ties of traditions. From the political point of view, all revolutions need a destruction or neutralization of inner enemies as well as forces incompatible with their historical orientation. A revolution would never be over unless that target was achieved. At the end of the century Japan dreamt of coming back to the Emperor’s reign. As a famous American researcher R. Benedict noted, Japanese tried to protect Japan from the influence of the other world and come back to the golden epoch of X century when the government was not ‘shared’ by the Emperor and Shogun. R. Benedict meant Meiji Restoration’s reforms (1867-1868) — so called bourgeois revolution in Japan when the institution of ‘shared government’ was eliminated and the Emperor’s power was restored. However, many Japanese did not like such outcome.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, reform, revolution, history, society, evolutionism, social studies, politics, management, economics.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka,. 14/1, bld. 5, room 432.

Библиография:
1. Benedikt Rut. Khrizantema i mech: Modeli yaponskoy kul'tury. M.; SPb, 2013.
2. Burkhardt Yakob. Razmyshleniya o vsemirnoy istorii. M.; SPb, 2013.
3. Veber Al'fred. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M., 2012.
4. Gerder Iogann Gotfrid. Idei k filosofii istorii chelovechestva, M.; SPb, 2013.

References (transliteration):
1. Benedikt Rut. Khrizantema i mech: Modeli yaponskoy kul'tury. M.; SPb, 2013.
2. Burkhardt Yakob. Razmyshleniya o vsemirnoy istorii. M.; SPb, 2013.
3. Veber Al'fred. Izbrannoe: Krizis evropeyskoy kul'tury. M., 2012.
4. Gerder Iogann Gotfrid. Idei k filosofii istorii chelovechestva, M.; SPb, 2013.

Аннотация: Philosophy of culture deals with a huge number of facts. These facts are described in cultural anthropology, sociology of culture, theology of culture, ethnology, cultural philosophy and history of culture. However, contradictory empirical facts do not always clarify metaphysical problems. Progression from one cultural epoch to another significantly transforms the cultural panorama. This creates a need in a theory which would describe the cultural process as something whole, variants of socio-dynamic models, archetypical situations and patterns of repetition and transformation of constant element of culture. Philosophy helps to understand diverse human experience and how it is possible to turn human to cultural cosmos. Philosophy of culture tries to go deep into the most unexpected and constantly renewed paradoxes of human existence while a cultural philosopher is meant to define general standards for evaluating existing cultural states. The question about the status of philosophy of culture was also discussed by a famous Russian philosopher Fyodor Stepun.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, philosophy of culture, truth, philosophy of life, romanticism, human, soul, knowledge, East, Stepun.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka,. 14/1, bld. 5, room 432.

Библиография:
1. Vindel'band V. Filosofiya kul'tury i transtsendental'nyy idealizm // Kul'turologiya XX vek.
Antologiya. Filosofiya i sotsiologiya kul'tury. M., 1994.
2. Gurevich P.S. Filosofiya kul'tury. M., 2001.
3. Liki kul'tury. Kul'turologicheskiy al'manakh. Nachala vysshey kul'tury. M., 1994.
4. Stepun F.A. Eshche o cheloveke «Novogo Grada». Otvet moim opponentam // Novyy Grad. 1932. № 4. S. 63-72.
5. Stepun F.A. Zhizn' i tvorchestvo: izbr. soch. / vstup. st., sost. i komment. V.K. Kantora. M.: Astrel',
2009. 807 s.
6. Stepun F.A. Zabytye istiny: O natsii i natsionalizme // Dni. Peterburg, 1925. № 806 (20 sent.).
S. 2-3.
7. Stepun F.A. Idei i zhizn' // Sochineniya. M.: ROSSPEN, 2000. S. 460-470.
8. Stepun F.A. Ideya Rossii i formy ee raskrytiya: Otvet na anketu Porevolyutsionnogo kluba // Novyy
Grad. 1934. № 8. S. 15-27.
9. Stepun F.A. Istoriko-filosofskoe i politicheskoe mirosozertsanie A. Bloka // Vozdushnye puti:
al'manakh / red. R. N. Grinberg. N'yu-York, 1965. Vyp. 4. S. 241-245.
10. Stepun F.A. O budushchem vozrozhdenii Rossii // Vestnik russkogo khristianskogo dvizheniya. Parizh;
N'yu-York; Moskva, 1965. № 77 (2). S. 54-55.
11. Stepun F.A. O nekotorykh kul'turno-filosofskikh i obshchestvenno-politicheskikh iskaniyakh v sovre-
mennoy Germanii // Novyy Grad. 1932. № 2. S. 74-80.
12. Stepun F.A. Odinnadtsat' pisem // Vestnik RAN. 1993. T. 63. № 3. S. 272-279.

References (transliteration):
1. Vindel'band V. Filosofiya kul'tury i transtsendental'nyy idealizm // Kul'turologiya XX vek.
Antologiya. Filosofiya i sotsiologiya kul'tury. M., 1994.
2. Gurevich P.S. Filosofiya kul'tury. M., 2001.
3. Liki kul'tury. Kul'turologicheskiy al'manakh. Nachala vysshey kul'tury. M., 1994.
4. Stepun F.A. Eshche o cheloveke «Novogo Grada». Otvet moim opponentam // Novyy Grad. 1932. № 4. S. 63-72.
5. Stepun F.A. Zhizn' i tvorchestvo: izbr. soch. / vstup. st., sost. i komment. V.K. Kantora. M.: Astrel',
2009. 807 s.
6. Stepun F.A. Zabytye istiny: O natsii i natsionalizme // Dni. Peterburg, 1925. № 806 (20 sent.).
S. 2-3.
7. Stepun F.A. Idei i zhizn' // Sochineniya. M.: ROSSPEN, 2000. S. 460-470.
8. Stepun F.A. Ideya Rossii i formy ee raskrytiya: Otvet na anketu Porevolyutsionnogo kluba // Novyy
Grad. 1934. № 8. S. 15-27.
9. Stepun F.A. Istoriko-filosofskoe i politicheskoe mirosozertsanie A. Bloka // Vozdushnye puti:
al'manakh / red. R. N. Grinberg. N'yu-York, 1965. Vyp. 4. S. 241-245.
10. Stepun F.A. O budushchem vozrozhdenii Rossii // Vestnik russkogo khristianskogo dvizheniya. Parizh;
N'yu-York; Moskva, 1965. № 77 (2). S. 54-55.
11. Stepun F.A. O nekotorykh kul'turno-filosofskikh i obshchestvenno-politicheskikh iskaniyakh v sovre-
mennoy Germanii // Novyy Grad. 1932. № 2. S. 74-80.
12. Stepun F.A. Odinnadtsat' pisem // Vestnik RAN. 1993. T. 63. № 3. S. 272-279.