Аннотация: The object of this research is the philosophical doctrine of French thinker of the early XIX century – Maine de Biran. The subject of the study is the views of the French philosopher on the origin and nature of human cognition. The author analyzes the works of Maine de Biran, dedicated to the origin and nature of our cognition. Arguing that the only person is capable of understanding itself, and through itself and all that surrounds it. Maine de Biran takes the idea of freedom, which is identical to the philosopher the idea of power and strength. The methodological basis of the study is the scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as phenomenological, bibliography and comparative-historical research methods. The author's special contribution into this work consists in the analysis of the major works of French and Russian philosophers of the early XIX century: Maine de Biran, Adolf Frank, A. I. Vvedenskiy, as well as the translation and analysis of works of the French scholar that have yet to be published.

Ключевые слова: human essence, true activity, freedom, phenomenon, effort of will, cognitive processes, philosophical mysticism, spiritualism, spiritual life, psychological nature

Библиография:
Potekhin A. Znachenie chuvstvovaniy v dushevnoy zhizni cheloveka // Pravoslavnyy sobesednik. 1899. № 12. S. 623-666.
Malevanskiy G.V. Sovremennaya frantsuzskaya filosofiya. Opyt o svobode voli // Trudy kievskoy dukhovnoy akademii. 1899. № 11. S. 423-447.
Vvedenskiy A.I. Ocherk sovremennoy frantsuzskoy filosofii // Vera i razum: Otdel filosofskiy. 1893. № 19. S. 318-328.
Kudryavtsev N. Men de Berran, kak metafizik i religioznyy myslitel' // OR KGU. F.172. 1909. 176 l.
Vvedenskiy A.I. Ocherk sovremennoy frantsuzskoy filosofii // Vera i razum: Otdel filosofskiy. 1893. № 20. S. 329-350.
Moralisteset philosophes. Ad. Frank. Paris, 1874. R. 277-278.
Vvedenskiy A.I. Ocherk sovremennoy frantsuzskoy filosofii // Vera i razum: Otdel filosofskiy. 1893. № 18. S. 237-257.
Maine de Biran M.F.P. Oeuvres. P., 1949. T. XIV. P. 221.
Maine de Biran M.F.P. Journal intime. P., 1931. T. II. P. 193.
Maine de Biran M.F.P. Oeuvres / Publ. par P. Tisserand. P., 1939. T. XII. P. 56.
Jules Gerard. Main de Biran, essai sur la Philosophie, Paris 1876, pp. 34-35.
Hartman. La Religion de l’Avenir. De la philosiphieet de la theologie // Revue philosophique XXVII. 1876 Paris. P. 190-198.
Hartman. La philosophiereligieuse. De la philosiphieet de la theologie // Revue philosophique VIII. 1879 Paris. P. 225-258.
Fouilee. Causaliteetliberte. De la philosiphieet de la theologie // Revue philosophique. XVI. 1883 Paris. P. 29-57.
Ferraz. La philisophie en France au XIX siècle // Revue philosophique XXIX. 1887 Paris. P. 187-199.
Alfred Fouillee. L’influence et l’avenir des ideescartesiennes // Revue des deuxMondes, 15 Janvier, 1893, pp. 378-379.

References (transliteration):
Potekhin A. Znachenie chuvstvovaniy v dushevnoy zhizni cheloveka // Pravoslavnyy sobesednik. 1899. № 12. S. 623-666.
Malevanskiy G.V. Sovremennaya frantsuzskaya filosofiya. Opyt o svobode voli // Trudy kievskoy dukhovnoy akademii. 1899. № 11. S. 423-447.
Vvedenskiy A.I. Ocherk sovremennoy frantsuzskoy filosofii // Vera i razum: Otdel filosofskiy. 1893. № 19. S. 318-328.
Kudryavtsev N. Men de Berran, kak metafizik i religioznyy myslitel' // OR KGU. F.172. 1909. 176 l.
Vvedenskiy A.I. Ocherk sovremennoy frantsuzskoy filosofii // Vera i razum: Otdel filosofskiy. 1893. № 20. S. 329-350.
Moralisteset philosophes. Ad. Frank. Paris, 1874. R. 277-278.
Vvedenskiy A.I. Ocherk sovremennoy frantsuzskoy filosofii // Vera i razum: Otdel filosofskiy. 1893. № 18. S. 237-257.
Maine de Biran M.F.P. Oeuvres. P., 1949. T. XIV. P. 221.
Maine de Biran M.F.P. Journal intime. P., 1931. T. II. P. 193.
Maine de Biran M.F.P. Oeuvres / Publ. par P. Tisserand. P., 1939. T. XII. P. 56.
Jules Gerard. Main de Biran, essai sur la Philosophie, Paris 1876, pp. 34-35.
Hartman. La Religion de l’Avenir. De la philosiphieet de la theologie // Revue philosophique XXVII. 1876 Paris. P. 190-198.
Hartman. La philosophiereligieuse. De la philosiphieet de la theologie // Revue philosophique VIII. 1879 Paris. P. 225-258.
Fouilee. Causaliteetliberte. De la philosiphieet de la theologie // Revue philosophique. XVI. 1883 Paris. P. 29-57.
Ferraz. La philisophie en France au XIX siècle // Revue philosophique XXIX. 1887 Paris. P. 187-199.
Alfred Fouillee. L’influence et l’avenir des ideescartesiennes // Revue des deuxMondes, 15 Janvier, 1893, pp. 378-379.

Аннотация: This article explores the relation of A. F. Losev to the transcendental understanding of being in the philosophy of Hegel. Basing on the observation of V. O. Troitsky, according to which the Russian philosopher avoids using the notion of “haecceity”, the author reveals the position of A. F. Loves regarding Hegel’s philosophy, as well as underlines the specificities of Russian philosophy in the global historical-philosophical process. Special attention is given to the analysis of Hegel’s concept of the structure of reasoning, as well as Losev’s doctrine on correlation of the symbol and artistic image. The author proves that the noted by the Russian researcher peculiarity of Losev’s use of the philosophical terminology is caused by the nonrandom factors, but rather its fundamental position on the key issue of ontology. For the first time in scientific literature, the author reveals the peculiarities of the aesthetical doctrines of the German and Russian philosophers that are substantiated by their ontological preferences. This work also reconstructs the historical-cultural context of the differences, detected between the philosophers, in the assessments of opportunity regarding the philosophical cognition of the Absolute.

Ключевые слова: symbolism, certainty, structure of reasoning, transcendentalism, Hegel, A. F. Losev, Haecceity, symbol, artistic image, specificities of the Russian philosophy

Библиография:
Losev A. F. Nekotorye voprosy iz istorii ucheniy o stile // Losev A. F. Problema khudozhestvennogo stilya. – Kiev: «Collegium», «Kievskaya Akademiya Evrobiznesa», 1994. S. 2-168.
Gegel' G. V. F. Sochineniya. T. XII. Lektsii po estetike. Kn. 1. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe izdatel'stvo, 1938. 471 s.
Losev A. F. Problema simvola i realisticheskoe iskusstvo. M.: Iskusstvo, 1995. 320 s.
Hegel G. W. F. Phänomenologie des Geistes. Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam jun, 1987. 596 S.
R.K. Omel'chuk Aleksey Fedorovich Losev:zhizn' v mife // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 5. - C. 424 - 432. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.5.8302.
E.M. Spirova Mif i simvol v protsesse postizheniya cheloveka // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2011. - 10. - C. 34 - 41.
R.K. Omel'chuk Ontologiya very v svete filosofskogo naslediya A.F. Loseva // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2011. - 11. - C. 15 - 25.
Gogotishvili L.A. Vklad postsimvolistov Loseva i Bakhtina v teoriyu postroeniya diskursa (printsipial'nye razlichiya na fone fundamental'nogo skhodstva) // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2014. - 4. - C. 354 - 368. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2014.4.13430.
Fuko M. Slova i veshchi. Arkheologiya gumanitarnykh nauk. SPb.: A-cad, 1994. 404 s.
Troitskiy V. P. Razyskaniya o zhizni i tvorchestve A. F. Loseva. M.: Agraf, 2007. 448 s.
Losev A. F. Vladimir Solov'ev i ego vremya. M.: Progress, 1990. 720 s.
Gegel' G. V. F. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk. T. 3. Filosofiya dukha. M.: Mysl', 1977. 471 s.
Losev A. F. Filosofiya imeni. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1990. 269 s.
Gogotishvili L. A. Losevskaya kontseptsiya predikativnosti // Losev A. F. Lichnost' i absolyut. M.: Mysl', 1999. S. 770-795.
Gegel' G. V. F. Sistema nauki. Ch. 1. Fenomenologiya dukha // Sochineniya. T. IV. M.: Izd-vo sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoy literatury, 1959. 440 s.

References (transliteration):
Losev A. F. Nekotorye voprosy iz istorii ucheniy o stile // Losev A. F. Problema khudozhestvennogo stilya. – Kiev: «Collegium», «Kievskaya Akademiya Evrobiznesa», 1994. S. 2-168.
Gegel' G. V. F. Sochineniya. T. XII. Lektsii po estetike. Kn. 1. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe izdatel'stvo, 1938. 471 s.
Losev A. F. Problema simvola i realisticheskoe iskusstvo. M.: Iskusstvo, 1995. 320 s.
Hegel G. W. F. Phänomenologie des Geistes. Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam jun, 1987. 596 S.
R.K. Omel'chuk Aleksey Fedorovich Losev:zhizn' v mife // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 5. - C. 424 - 432. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.5.8302.
E.M. Spirova Mif i simvol v protsesse postizheniya cheloveka // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2011. - 10. - C. 34 - 41.
R.K. Omel'chuk Ontologiya very v svete filosofskogo naslediya A.F. Loseva // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2011. - 11. - C. 15 - 25.
Gogotishvili L.A. Vklad postsimvolistov Loseva i Bakhtina v teoriyu postroeniya diskursa (printsipial'nye razlichiya na fone fundamental'nogo skhodstva) // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2014. - 4. - C. 354 - 368. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2014.4.13430.
Fuko M. Slova i veshchi. Arkheologiya gumanitarnykh nauk. SPb.: A-cad, 1994. 404 s.
Troitskiy V. P. Razyskaniya o zhizni i tvorchestve A. F. Loseva. M.: Agraf, 2007. 448 s.
Losev A. F. Vladimir Solov'ev i ego vremya. M.: Progress, 1990. 720 s.
Gegel' G. V. F. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk. T. 3. Filosofiya dukha. M.: Mysl', 1977. 471 s.
Losev A. F. Filosofiya imeni. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1990. 269 s.
Gogotishvili L. A. Losevskaya kontseptsiya predikativnosti // Losev A. F. Lichnost' i absolyut. M.: Mysl', 1999. S. 770-795.
Gegel' G. V. F. Sistema nauki. Ch. 1. Fenomenologiya dukha // Sochineniya. T. IV. M.: Izd-vo sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoy literatury, 1959. 440 s.

Аннотация: This article analyzes the arguments by means of which the Western European philosophers of the XIX century explained the qualitative asymmetry between the pain and pleasure. The anatomical and physiological confirmation of the existence of such asymmetry was acquired only in the XX century: pain represents an independent type of reception with a separate system of conductors and receptors (nociceptors); however, there is no specialized conductors and receptors of pleasure. Thus, the discovery of the qualitative asymmetry of pain and please represents a notable case of the successful philosophical “foresight”. The general philosophical interest contain the following question: why the success was achieved specifically in this area, and why it never gained the due recognition. As the examples of various approaches, the author considers the philosophies of pain and pleasure suggested by A. Schopenhauer, S. Freud, E. von Hartmann, and F. Nietzsche; as well as analyzes their arguments in confirmation of the asymmetry of pain and pleasure, source of doubts and theoretical controversies, and suggests formalization using the mathematical symbolics. The author proves that the recognition of the qualitative asymmetry of pain and pleasure was hindered by the linguistic obstacle – the circumstance, which states that in European languages, the pain and pleasure are the symmetric directions of single modality. This lead to multiple theoretical regressions and controversies in the views of A. Schopenhauer, S. Freud, E. von Hartmann, and F. Nietzsche upon the qualitative asymmetry of pain and pleasure. And therefore, the major philosophical discovery did not gain the due assessment.

Ключевые слова: Suffering, Formalization, Philosophical anthropology, Philosophy of pain, Pleasure, Reception, Psychoanalysis, Modality, Pain, Axiology

Библиография:
Shopengauer A. Sobranie sochineniy v 6-ti tomakh. M.: Terra–Knizhnyy klub, Respublika, 1999–2001.
Kant I. Sobranie sochineniy v 8-mi tomakh. — M.: ChORO, 1994. — T. 7.
Gartman E. fon. Sushchnost' mirovogo protsessa, ili Filosofiya bessoznatel'nogo. V 2-kh tomakh. 2-e izd. — M.: KRASAND, 2010. — T. 2.
Nitsshe F. Volya k vlasti: Opyt pereotsenki vsekh tsennostey. — M.: Kul'turnaya Revolyutsiya, 2005.
Freyd Z. Po tu storonu printsipa udovol'stviya // Freyd Z. Sobranie sochineniy v 10-ti tomakh. — M.: STD, 2006. — T. 3.
Freyd Z. Vlecheniya i ikh sud'by // Freyd Z. Sobranie sochineniy v 10-ti tomakh. — M.: STD, 2006. — T. 3.
Freyd Z. Tri ocherka po teorii seksual'nosti // Freyd Z. Sobranie sochineniy v 10-ti tomakh. — M.: STD, 2006. — T. 5.
Fenikhel' O. Psikhoanaliticheskaya teoriya nevrozov. 2-e izd. — M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2013.

References (transliteration):
Shopengauer A. Sobranie sochineniy v 6-ti tomakh. M.: Terra–Knizhnyy klub, Respublika, 1999–2001.
Kant I. Sobranie sochineniy v 8-mi tomakh. — M.: ChORO, 1994. — T. 7.
Gartman E. fon. Sushchnost' mirovogo protsessa, ili Filosofiya bessoznatel'nogo. V 2-kh tomakh. 2-e izd. — M.: KRASAND, 2010. — T. 2.
Nitsshe F. Volya k vlasti: Opyt pereotsenki vsekh tsennostey. — M.: Kul'turnaya Revolyutsiya, 2005.
Freyd Z. Po tu storonu printsipa udovol'stviya // Freyd Z. Sobranie sochineniy v 10-ti tomakh. — M.: STD, 2006. — T. 3.
Freyd Z. Vlecheniya i ikh sud'by // Freyd Z. Sobranie sochineniy v 10-ti tomakh. — M.: STD, 2006. — T. 3.
Freyd Z. Tri ocherka po teorii seksual'nosti // Freyd Z. Sobranie sochineniy v 10-ti tomakh. — M.: STD, 2006. — T. 5.
Fenikhel' O. Psikhoanaliticheskaya teoriya nevrozov. 2-e izd. — M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2013.

Аннотация: The subject of research is the problem of death in the philosophy of Georges Bataille. The theme of death in Bataille is inextricably linked to the theme of community. It is from this context comes the definition of community as "sovereign" and "sacred". Any community, any movement of cooperative experience is being established around some sacred core that can turn "a category of death into a principle of life, the category of decline – in the principle of an excess of vitality", which corresponds with the ambivalent nature of the sacred: it is both high and low, pure and revolting, the sacred and the cursed. In most cases, in the works of Bataille concepts are not static: rather, they constantly travel along the surface of the text, escaping because of their very dynamic from any ordering, so we do not set ourselves the task of holistic analysis of the topic of death, but sought only to outline the metaphoric of his texts. Attempt to represent the experience of the sovereign community of Georges Bataille by combining the two perspectives: in real (community of Surrealists, "Counter-attack", "Acetal", "College of Sociology") and the ideal community. Bataille shows that the community does not require the integrity, it rather suggests the loss of the “part of your own being”, creating yourself by means of your own death. This is what the philosopher calls "the practice of joy before death".

Ключевые слова: Hegel, inner experience, sovereignty, sacred, event, community, death, Georges Bataille, Other, philosophy of laughter

Библиография:
Faritov V.T. Philosophy of transgression: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Nietzsche // SENTENTIA. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 2015. № 4. C. 36-67. DOI: 10.7256/1339-3057.2015.4.16671. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psen/article_16671.html
Gaynutdinov T.R. Opyt suverennogo soobshchestva Zhorzha Bataya // Istoricheskie, filosofskie, politicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki, kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. 2014. № 11-1 (49). S. 49-52.
Batay Zh. Madam Edvarda // Nenavist' k poezii. M.: Ladomir, 1999. 613 s.
Batay Zh. Proklyataya dolya. M.: Gnozis Logos, 2003. 208 s.
Petrovskaya E. Antifotografiya. M.: Tri kvadrata, 2003. 112 s.
Rey Zh.-M. Batay, smert' i zhertvoprinoshenie // Predel'nyy Batay: Sb. statey. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta, 2006. S. 94-117.
Batay Zh. Bodler // Literatura i zlo. M., 1994. S. 30-49.
Fokin S.L. Filosof-vne-sebya. Zhorzh Batay SPb.: Izd-vo Olega Abyshko, 2002. 320 s.
Sishner B. Nitsshe Zhorzha Bataya // Predel'nyy Batay: Sb. statey. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta, 2006. S. 235-251.
Batay Zh. Mogila Laury // Sakral'noe. M.: Kolonna Publications, 2004. C. 33-53.
Gegel' G.V.F. Sistema nauk. Ch. 1: Fenomenologiya dukha. SPb.: Nauka, 1999. 444 s.
Derrida Zh. Ot ekonomii ogranichennoy k ekonomii vseobshchey: gegel'yanstvo bez utayki // Pis'mo i razlichie. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2000. S. 400-444.
Batay Zh. Kollezh sotsiologii. SPb.: Nauka, 2004. 600 s.
Blansho M. Neopisuemoe soobshchestvo. M.: Moskovskiy filosofskiy fond, 1998. 78 s.
Syuria M. Zhorzh Batay, ili Rabota smerti // Inostrannaya literatura, 2000. № 4. S. 164-177.
Blansho M. Prostranstvo literatury. M.: Logos, 2002. 288 s.
Bodriyyar Zh. Simvolicheskiy obmen i smert'. M.: Dobrosvet, 2000. 389 s.
Batay Zh. Gegel', smert' i zhertvoprinoshenie // Tanatografiya erosa. Zhorzh Batay i frantsuzskaya mysl' serediny XX veka. SPb.: Mifril, 1994. S. 245-268.

References (transliteration):
Faritov V.T. Philosophy of transgression: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Nietzsche // SENTENTIA. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 2015. № 4. C. 36-67. DOI: 10.7256/1339-3057.2015.4.16671. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psen/article_16671.html
Gaynutdinov T.R. Opyt suverennogo soobshchestva Zhorzha Bataya // Istoricheskie, filosofskie, politicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki, kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. 2014. № 11-1 (49). S. 49-52.
Batay Zh. Madam Edvarda // Nenavist' k poezii. M.: Ladomir, 1999. 613 s.
Batay Zh. Proklyataya dolya. M.: Gnozis Logos, 2003. 208 s.
Petrovskaya E. Antifotografiya. M.: Tri kvadrata, 2003. 112 s.
Rey Zh.-M. Batay, smert' i zhertvoprinoshenie // Predel'nyy Batay: Sb. statey. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta, 2006. S. 94-117.
Batay Zh. Bodler // Literatura i zlo. M., 1994. S. 30-49.
Fokin S.L. Filosof-vne-sebya. Zhorzh Batay SPb.: Izd-vo Olega Abyshko, 2002. 320 s.
Sishner B. Nitsshe Zhorzha Bataya // Predel'nyy Batay: Sb. statey. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta, 2006. S. 235-251.
Batay Zh. Mogila Laury // Sakral'noe. M.: Kolonna Publications, 2004. C. 33-53.
Gegel' G.V.F. Sistema nauk. Ch. 1: Fenomenologiya dukha. SPb.: Nauka, 1999. 444 s.
Derrida Zh. Ot ekonomii ogranichennoy k ekonomii vseobshchey: gegel'yanstvo bez utayki // Pis'mo i razlichie. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2000. S. 400-444.
Batay Zh. Kollezh sotsiologii. SPb.: Nauka, 2004. 600 s.
Blansho M. Neopisuemoe soobshchestvo. M.: Moskovskiy filosofskiy fond, 1998. 78 s.
Syuria M. Zhorzh Batay, ili Rabota smerti // Inostrannaya literatura, 2000. № 4. S. 164-177.
Blansho M. Prostranstvo literatury. M.: Logos, 2002. 288 s.
Bodriyyar Zh. Simvolicheskiy obmen i smert'. M.: Dobrosvet, 2000. 389 s.
Batay Zh. Gegel', smert' i zhertvoprinoshenie // Tanatografiya erosa. Zhorzh Batay i frantsuzskaya mysl' serediny XX veka. SPb.: Mifril, 1994. S. 245-268.

Аннотация:  This article discusses the problem of correlation between ethics and religion, considering K. N. Leontiev’s concept of “transcendental egoism” and the disputes about the role of moral in culture, which took place in Russia of the late XIX century due to the works of Dostoevsky and other Russian writers. The author determines the specificity of ethical and religious consciousness, underlines the difficulty of their possible harmonic combination, and substantiates the necessity of turning to the analysis of the existed in the history of culture assessments of the problem of correlation between ethics and religion for better understanding of the processes that appear in the modern Russian society.  The author points out the need for consideration of the universality of ethnical consciousness, which hinders the interpretation of the moral as one of the components of religious culture. The innovative character of the conducted analysis manifests in comparison of the concept of “transcendental egoism” with the approach of “autonomous ethics” towards the substantiation of morality and utilization of the extensive historical-philosophical and historical-cultural context.  

Ключевые слова: transcendental egoism, autonomous ethics, philosophical ethics, Christian culture, interpretation of Christianity, religion, ethics, culture, V.V. Rozanov, K. N. Leontiev

Библиография:
Gurevich P.S. Didakticheskie idei Sokrata // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. 2011. № 3. C. 50-61.
Gurevich P.S. Arsenal kul'turnogo obogashcheniya // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. 2015. № 1. C. 6-11. DOI: 10.7256/2306-434X.2015.1.14416.
Mamardashvili M. Kantianskie variatsii. M.: «Agraf», 2002. 320 s.
Rozanov V.V. Polnoe sobranie «opavshikh list'ev». Kn. 1. Uedinennoe / Pod red. V.G. Sukacha. M.: Russkiy put', 2002. 430 s.
Antologiya mirovoy filosofii: v 4-kh t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1970. 776 s.
Mayorov G.G. Etika v srednie veka. M.: Znanie, 1986. 64 s.
Florovskiy G., prot. Puti russkogo bogosloviya. Vil'nyus, 1991. 601 s.
Lur'e V.M. Istoriya vizantiyskoy filosofii. SPb.: Axioma, 2006. 553 s.
Il'in I.A. Osnovy khristianskoy kul'tury // Odinokiy khudozhnik / Sost., predisl. i primech. V.I. Belov. M.: Iskusstvo, 1993. S. 291-336.
Losev A.F. O Rozanove [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: URL: http://users.kaluga.ru/kosmorama/losev.html (data obrashcheniya: 13.10. 2015).
Rozanov V.V. O Pushkine. Esse i fragmenty / Sost., vst. stat'ya, komment. i ukaz. V.G. Sukacha. M: Izdatel'stvo gumanitarnoy literatury, 1999. S. 163-184.
Rozanov V.V., Leont'ev K.N. Materialy neizdannoy knigi «Literaturnye izgnanniki». Perepiska. Neopublikovannye teksty. Stat'i o K.N. Leont'eve. Kommentarii / Sost. E.V. Ivanovoy. SPb.: Rostok, 2014. 1182 s.
Korotkikh V.I. «Transtsendentnyy egoizm» K.N. Leont'eva i problema statusa morali v kul'ture // Dukhovno-nravstvennaya kul'tura kak faktor modernizatsii rossiyskogo obshchestva XXI veka: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. 23 noyabrya 2012 goda / Otv. red.: N.V. Medvedev, N.M. Averin. Tambov: Izd. dom TGU im. G.R. Derzhavina, 2013. S. 53-57.
Potkina I.V., Khormach I.A. Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya
«Rossiysko-ital'yanskie obshchestvennye i kul'turnye svyazi. XV–XX vv.» // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. 2012. № 2. C. 75-84.

References (transliteration):
Gurevich P.S. Didakticheskie idei Sokrata // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. 2011. № 3. C. 50-61.
Gurevich P.S. Arsenal kul'turnogo obogashcheniya // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. 2015. № 1. C. 6-11. DOI: 10.7256/2306-434X.2015.1.14416.
Mamardashvili M. Kantianskie variatsii. M.: «Agraf», 2002. 320 s.
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Аннотация: The article “Three Lives of N. S. Voytkinskaya” describes the versatile personality of Nadezhda Savelyevna Voytkinskaya. There are practically no research dedicated to her; thus, the goal of this article is to familiarize the Russian scientific society with the creative and scientific heritage of this artist, philosopher, and interpreter. This work suggests to percept the various manifestations of N. S. Voytkinskaya creative aptitude not just through the different stages of her creative evolution, but rather as separate and independent paths of development (three lives).  The authors’ contribution consists in the attempt to introduce her works into the scientific circulation. The first part of the article is dedicated to the description of the main milestones of her biography; the author actively attracts the archive materials for the purpose of giving fullness to the picture. The second part describes Voytkinskaya’s contribution into the Russian visual art; she appears as an artist, who under the circumstances has to reject the visual art. This becomes one of the greatest tragedies of her life. The third part present a review of Voytkinskaya’s literary work, in which she appears in two images – as an interpreter, and as an author of popular science books. In the fourth part, which is the most important in the authors’ opinion, Voytkinskaya appears as a philosopher. A significant conclusion of this research consists in a synthetic view upon N. S. Voytkinskaya, which combines various aspects of manifestation of her creative nature that are usually studied separately.

Ключевые слова: history of Russian literature, Russian Institute of Art History, Bestuzhev courses, art, Russian translators, lithography, history of philosophy, Russian philosophy, Philosophy of art, Soviet writers

Библиография:
Bilet bezrabotnogo № 284687, vydannyy Petrogradskoy gorodskoy birzhey truda 2 oktyabrya 1918 g. (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 12).
Val'e M. Polet v mezhplanetnoe prostranstvo. – L.-M., 1926. – 112 s.
Vasil'ev V.G. Dva goda v tundre.-L.: Izd-vo Glavsevmorputi: 1935.-214 s.
Voytinskaya N. Zemlya Nansena: [Ocherk]. – Moskva: Krest'yanskaya gazeta, 1930.-64 s. (Bibliotechka zhurnala Druzhnye rebyata).
Voytinskaya N., Ebbel' B. Na Sever: Istoriya polyarnykh ekspeditsiy ot davnikh vremen do nashikh dney.-Leningrad: Krasnaya gazeta, 1929. – 232 s. (biblioteka «Leninskikh iskr»).
Voytinskaya N.S. Aristotelizm (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 280).
Voytinskaya N.S. Berkson (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 283).
Voytinskaya N.S. V kol'tse l'dov. (Tri goda na ostrove Vrangelya): [Dlya detey].-Leningrad: Krasnaya gazeta, 1930.-120 s. (Biblioteka «Leninskikh iskr»)
Voytinskaya N.S. Dialekticheskiy metod v iskusstvoznanii (OR RNB, fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 492)
Voytinskaya N.S. Zagovor ravnykh: [Povest' dlya detey starsh. vozrasta].-Leningrad: Leningr. obl. izd-vo, 1931.-144 s. (Biblioteka «Leninskikh iskr»).
Voytinskaya N.S. Zemper i Rigl' (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 298).
Voytinskaya N.S. O marksistskom iskusstvoznanii (OR RNB, fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 492)
Voytinskaya N.S. O marksistskom ponimanii izobrazitel'nogo iskusstva (OR RNB, fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 317)
Voytinskaya N.S. O sovremennykh teoriyakh razvitiya iskusstva (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 315).
Voytinskaya N.S. Printsip stilya v sovremennoy nauke ob iskusstve (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 377).
Voytinskaya N.S. Problema formy u Gil'debrandta (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 296).
Voytinskaya N.S. Pugachevshchina.-Moskva: izd-vo Vses. o-va politkatorzhan i ss.-poselentsev, 1931. – 90 s. (Deshevaya istoriko-revolyutsionnaya biblioteka; 1931 g. № 10-11 (294-295).
Voytinskaya N.S. Rafael' (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 328).
Voytinskaya N.S. Sotsiologiya iskusstva i istoricheskiy materializm (OR RNB, fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 316)
Voytinskaya N.S. Sotsiologiya iskusstva i marksizm (OR RNB, fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 294)
Voytinskaya N.S. Stil' i prostranstvo (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 335).
Voytinskaya N.S. Frants Vikgof (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 338).
Voytinskaya N.S. Engr (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 329).
Voytinskaya N.S., Lavrov A.M. Sovetskie korabli: [ocherki sovetskikh morskikh ekspeditsiy]. – Leningrad: Krasnaya gazeta, 1929.-191 s. (Biblioteka gazety «Leninskie iskry»).
Voytinskaya N.S., Ravich M. Na barrikadakh: Povest' o Parizhsk. Kommune.-Moskva: izd-vo TsK Mopr SSSR, 1933.-80 s.
Vremennyy chlenskiy bilet professional'nogo soyuza pechatnikov na imya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 20. 23 aprelya 1932 g).
Vkhodnoy bilet № 87 v Dom Literatorov v Petrograde (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 14. 2 marta 1921 g).
Vypiska iz protokola zasedaniya Ispolkoma Leningradskogo gorodskogo Soveta ob evakuatsii iz g. Leningrada rabotnikov iskusstva i pisateley (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 25. 19 avgusta 1942 g).
Vypiski iz protokolov Ispolnitel'nogo komiteta Lengorsoveta o naznachenii personal'noy pensii mestnogo znacheniya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. №34. 15 aprelya 1949 i 19 maya 1955).
Genealogicheskoe drevo sem'i Voytinskikh (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 4).
Golovan' V. Otzyvy o rabotakh N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 81).
Gostevoy bilet № 130 Doma Pisatelya imeni Mayakovskogo (Leningrad) na imya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 22. 4 fevralya 1937. Podpisi A.N. Tolstogo i A. Churkina).
Izveshchenie o vydache pisatelyam 50 kg kartofelya (Noyab [1943]) (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 27)
Konan-Doyl' A. Zapiski o Sherloke Kholmse.-L: Molodaya gvardiya, 1946 g. (pereizdaniya-Kuybyshev: Kuybyshevskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1956 g.; Ul'yanovsk: Ul'yanovskaya pravda, 1957 g.).
Konan-Doyl' A. Baskervil'skaya sobaka.-L, 1947.
Kumpan K.A. Institut istorii iskusstv na rubezhe 1920-1930-kh godov // Konets institutsiy kul'tury dvadtsatykh godov v Leningrade. Po arkhivnym materialam. / Sb. statey; sost. M.E.Malikova. – M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2014. S.8-128.
Losskiy N.O. Intuitivnaya filosofiya Bergsona. – M.: Rus.pech., 1914. – 116 s.
Mel'nikov V.L. Neizvestnye dokumenty Nadezhdy Savel'evny Voytinskoy (1886-1965) // Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya «Rerikhovskoe nasledie» Tom VI: 150 let shkole vydayushchegosya peterburgskogo pedagoga-prosvetitelya K.I. Maya; Problemy sokhraneniya kul'turnogo naslediya v chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh.  Spb.: Rerikhovskiy tsentr SPbGU, 2008.  S. 397-402.
N.K. Rerikh i khudozhniki Imperatorskogo Obshchestva pooshchreniya khudozhestv. Nadezhda Voytinskaya. / Sost.: V.A.Shurshina, M.V. Rayan, M.N. Chesnokova. – SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGMISR, 2009. – 32 c.
Perepiska gruppy perevodchikov s Osoboy komissiey po delam izdatel'stv pri RKI (OR RNB fond № 1156, Voytinskaya N.S. dokumenty № 196-203).
Propuska na pravo vkhoda v chital'nyy zal v Tsentral'nyy Istoricheskiy arkhiv na imya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 21. 13 maya 1934 i 7 iyulya 1935).
Svidetel'stvo zhenskoy gimnazii L.S. Tagantsevoy o tom, chto N.S. Voytinskaya obuchalas' v spetsial'nom dopolnitel'nom klasse i udostoena zvaniya domashney nastavnitsy po istorii (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 43).
Spravka ot 22 marta 1919 g. o tom, chto N.S. Voytinskaya «sostoit prepodavatel'nitsey» v 1-oy sovetskoy gimnazii g. Petrograda (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 75).
Spravka, vydannaya 21 iyunya 1939 g. v tom, chto N.S. Voytinskaya s 23 fevralya 1938 g. po 21 iyunya 1939 g. soderzhalas' v tyur'me UGB i 21 iyunya 1939 g iz-pod strazhi osvobozhdena. Spravka vydana tyur'moy UGB pri UNKVD po Leningradskoy oblasti. (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 24)
Spravka, vydannaya Gubotdelom Soyuza rabochikh poligraficheskogo proizvodstva N.S. Voytinskoy o tom, chto ona rabotala v kachestve literatora i sostoyala chlenom Soyuza pechatnikov (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 16).
Troitskiy S.A., Troitskaya A.A. Drevnerusskoe iskusstvo v tvorchestve N.S. Voytinskoy i S.I. Boduen de Kurtene // Veche: Zhurnal russkoy filosofii i kul'tury. – Vyp. 25. – SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGU, 2013. – S. 203-215.
Uayt P. Nauchnaya organizatsiya sbyta / P. Uayt; Sokrashch. per. s angl. N. S. Voytinskoy.-Moskva: Tekhnika upravleniya, 1929.-148 s.
Udostoverenie ot 28 sentyabrya 1918 g. o tom, chto N.S. Voytinskaya «sostoit prepodavatel'nitsey» vo 2-oy besplatnoy narodnoy gimnazii g. Petrograda (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 74)
Khodzh A. Upravlenie roznichnym predpriyatiem / A. Khodzh (A. Hodge); Sokrashchennyy perev. s angl. N.S. Voytinskoy.-Moskva: Tekhnika upravleniya, 1928.-154 s. (Biblioteka ekonomnogo khozyaystvovaniya / Pod red. Yu.O. Lyubovicha; Vyp. 14)
Chlenskaya knizhka № 55589 ot 26 aprelya 1920 g. Vserossiyskogo Soyuza rabotnikov «Vsemedikosantrud» (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 13).
Chlenskiy bilet № 128 chlena Vserossiyskogo Soyuza sovetskikh pisateley na imya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 18).
Chlenskiy bilet №3325 chlena Literaturnogo Fonda SSSR na imya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 37).
Chlenskiy bilet Leningradskogo otdeleniya Litfonda (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 19).
Eygel'berner F. Metodika obsledovaniya = The investigation of business problems / F. Eygel'berner; Sokrashch. per. s angl. N. S. Voytinskoy.-Moskva: Tekhnika upravleniya, 1928.-136 s. (Biblioteka ekonomnogo khozyaystvovaniya / Pod red. Yu. O. Lyubovicha, Vyp. 12). (2-e izd. – 1930, 3-e izd. – 1931).

References (transliteration):
Bilet bezrabotnogo № 284687, vydannyy Petrogradskoy gorodskoy birzhey truda 2 oktyabrya 1918 g. (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 12).
Val'e M. Polet v mezhplanetnoe prostranstvo. – L.-M., 1926. – 112 s.
Vasil'ev V.G. Dva goda v tundre.-L.: Izd-vo Glavsevmorputi: 1935.-214 s.
Voytinskaya N. Zemlya Nansena: [Ocherk]. – Moskva: Krest'yanskaya gazeta, 1930.-64 s. (Bibliotechka zhurnala Druzhnye rebyata).
Voytinskaya N., Ebbel' B. Na Sever: Istoriya polyarnykh ekspeditsiy ot davnikh vremen do nashikh dney.-Leningrad: Krasnaya gazeta, 1929. – 232 s. (biblioteka «Leninskikh iskr»).
Voytinskaya N.S. Aristotelizm (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 280).
Voytinskaya N.S. Berkson (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 283).
Voytinskaya N.S. V kol'tse l'dov. (Tri goda na ostrove Vrangelya): [Dlya detey].-Leningrad: Krasnaya gazeta, 1930.-120 s. (Biblioteka «Leninskikh iskr»)
Voytinskaya N.S. Dialekticheskiy metod v iskusstvoznanii (OR RNB, fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 492)
Voytinskaya N.S. Zagovor ravnykh: [Povest' dlya detey starsh. vozrasta].-Leningrad: Leningr. obl. izd-vo, 1931.-144 s. (Biblioteka «Leninskikh iskr»).
Voytinskaya N.S. Zemper i Rigl' (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 298).
Voytinskaya N.S. O marksistskom iskusstvoznanii (OR RNB, fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 492)
Voytinskaya N.S. O marksistskom ponimanii izobrazitel'nogo iskusstva (OR RNB, fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 317)
Voytinskaya N.S. O sovremennykh teoriyakh razvitiya iskusstva (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 315).
Voytinskaya N.S. Printsip stilya v sovremennoy nauke ob iskusstve (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 377).
Voytinskaya N.S. Problema formy u Gil'debrandta (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 296).
Voytinskaya N.S. Pugachevshchina.-Moskva: izd-vo Vses. o-va politkatorzhan i ss.-poselentsev, 1931. – 90 s. (Deshevaya istoriko-revolyutsionnaya biblioteka; 1931 g. № 10-11 (294-295).
Voytinskaya N.S. Rafael' (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 328).
Voytinskaya N.S. Sotsiologiya iskusstva i istoricheskiy materializm (OR RNB, fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 316)
Voytinskaya N.S. Sotsiologiya iskusstva i marksizm (OR RNB, fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 294)
Voytinskaya N.S. Stil' i prostranstvo (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 335).
Voytinskaya N.S. Frants Vikgof (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 338).
Voytinskaya N.S. Engr (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dokument № 329).
Voytinskaya N.S., Lavrov A.M. Sovetskie korabli: [ocherki sovetskikh morskikh ekspeditsiy]. – Leningrad: Krasnaya gazeta, 1929.-191 s. (Biblioteka gazety «Leninskie iskry»).
Voytinskaya N.S., Ravich M. Na barrikadakh: Povest' o Parizhsk. Kommune.-Moskva: izd-vo TsK Mopr SSSR, 1933.-80 s.
Vremennyy chlenskiy bilet professional'nogo soyuza pechatnikov na imya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 20. 23 aprelya 1932 g).
Vkhodnoy bilet № 87 v Dom Literatorov v Petrograde (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 14. 2 marta 1921 g).
Vypiska iz protokola zasedaniya Ispolkoma Leningradskogo gorodskogo Soveta ob evakuatsii iz g. Leningrada rabotnikov iskusstva i pisateley (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 25. 19 avgusta 1942 g).
Vypiski iz protokolov Ispolnitel'nogo komiteta Lengorsoveta o naznachenii personal'noy pensii mestnogo znacheniya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. №34. 15 aprelya 1949 i 19 maya 1955).
Genealogicheskoe drevo sem'i Voytinskikh (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 4).
Golovan' V. Otzyvy o rabotakh N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok № 81).
Gostevoy bilet № 130 Doma Pisatelya imeni Mayakovskogo (Leningrad) na imya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 22. 4 fevralya 1937. Podpisi A.N. Tolstogo i A. Churkina).
Izveshchenie o vydache pisatelyam 50 kg kartofelya (Noyab [1943]) (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 27)
Konan-Doyl' A. Zapiski o Sherloke Kholmse.-L: Molodaya gvardiya, 1946 g. (pereizdaniya-Kuybyshev: Kuybyshevskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1956 g.; Ul'yanovsk: Ul'yanovskaya pravda, 1957 g.).
Konan-Doyl' A. Baskervil'skaya sobaka.-L, 1947.
Kumpan K.A. Institut istorii iskusstv na rubezhe 1920-1930-kh godov // Konets institutsiy kul'tury dvadtsatykh godov v Leningrade. Po arkhivnym materialam. / Sb. statey; sost. M.E.Malikova. – M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2014. S.8-128.
Losskiy N.O. Intuitivnaya filosofiya Bergsona. – M.: Rus.pech., 1914. – 116 s.
Mel'nikov V.L. Neizvestnye dokumenty Nadezhdy Savel'evny Voytinskoy (1886-1965) // Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya «Rerikhovskoe nasledie» Tom VI: 150 let shkole vydayushchegosya peterburgskogo pedagoga-prosvetitelya K.I. Maya; Problemy sokhraneniya kul'turnogo naslediya v chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh.  Spb.: Rerikhovskiy tsentr SPbGU, 2008.  S. 397-402.
N.K. Rerikh i khudozhniki Imperatorskogo Obshchestva pooshchreniya khudozhestv. Nadezhda Voytinskaya. / Sost.: V.A.Shurshina, M.V. Rayan, M.N. Chesnokova. – SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGMISR, 2009. – 32 c.
Perepiska gruppy perevodchikov s Osoboy komissiey po delam izdatel'stv pri RKI (OR RNB fond № 1156, Voytinskaya N.S. dokumenty № 196-203).
Propuska na pravo vkhoda v chital'nyy zal v Tsentral'nyy Istoricheskiy arkhiv na imya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 21. 13 maya 1934 i 7 iyulya 1935).
Svidetel'stvo zhenskoy gimnazii L.S. Tagantsevoy o tom, chto N.S. Voytinskaya obuchalas' v spetsial'nom dopolnitel'nom klasse i udostoena zvaniya domashney nastavnitsy po istorii (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 43).
Spravka ot 22 marta 1919 g. o tom, chto N.S. Voytinskaya «sostoit prepodavatel'nitsey» v 1-oy sovetskoy gimnazii g. Petrograda (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 75).
Spravka, vydannaya 21 iyunya 1939 g. v tom, chto N.S. Voytinskaya s 23 fevralya 1938 g. po 21 iyunya 1939 g. soderzhalas' v tyur'me UGB i 21 iyunya 1939 g iz-pod strazhi osvobozhdena. Spravka vydana tyur'moy UGB pri UNKVD po Leningradskoy oblasti. (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 24)
Spravka, vydannaya Gubotdelom Soyuza rabochikh poligraficheskogo proizvodstva N.S. Voytinskoy o tom, chto ona rabotala v kachestve literatora i sostoyala chlenom Soyuza pechatnikov (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 16).
Troitskiy S.A., Troitskaya A.A. Drevnerusskoe iskusstvo v tvorchestve N.S. Voytinskoy i S.I. Boduen de Kurtene // Veche: Zhurnal russkoy filosofii i kul'tury. – Vyp. 25. – SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGU, 2013. – S. 203-215.
Uayt P. Nauchnaya organizatsiya sbyta / P. Uayt; Sokrashch. per. s angl. N. S. Voytinskoy.-Moskva: Tekhnika upravleniya, 1929.-148 s.
Udostoverenie ot 28 sentyabrya 1918 g. o tom, chto N.S. Voytinskaya «sostoit prepodavatel'nitsey» vo 2-oy besplatnoy narodnoy gimnazii g. Petrograda (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 74)
Khodzh A. Upravlenie roznichnym predpriyatiem / A. Khodzh (A. Hodge); Sokrashchennyy perev. s angl. N.S. Voytinskoy.-Moskva: Tekhnika upravleniya, 1928.-154 s. (Biblioteka ekonomnogo khozyaystvovaniya / Pod red. Yu.O. Lyubovicha; Vyp. 14)
Chlenskaya knizhka № 55589 ot 26 aprelya 1920 g. Vserossiyskogo Soyuza rabotnikov «Vsemedikosantrud» (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 13).
Chlenskiy bilet № 128 chlena Vserossiyskogo Soyuza sovetskikh pisateley na imya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 18).
Chlenskiy bilet №3325 chlena Literaturnogo Fonda SSSR na imya N.S. Voytinskoy (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 37).
Chlenskiy bilet Leningradskogo otdeleniya Litfonda (OR RNB fond № 1156 Voytinskaya N.S. dok. № 19).
Eygel'berner F. Metodika obsledovaniya = The investigation of business problems / F. Eygel'berner; Sokrashch. per. s angl. N. S. Voytinskoy.-Moskva: Tekhnika upravleniya, 1928.-136 s. (Biblioteka ekonomnogo khozyaystvovaniya / Pod red. Yu. O. Lyubovicha, Vyp. 12). (2-e izd. – 1930, 3-e izd. – 1931).

Аннотация: This article is devoted to the Austrian scientist Ernst Mach’s philosophical heritage. The reason for its writing is 100th anniversary of his death and the relevance of his works for the contemporary science. They had a great influence on understanding the nature of the cognition and forming non-classical space and time ideas. The main accent is made on the epistemological breakthrough based on his ideas: transference of cognition subject from transcendental to natural world; empirical knowledge as a sum of natural and mental processes («sets of feelings»); forming empiriocriticism as a direction that stimulated neopositivism appearance; relative nature of space and time that resulted in both Einstein’s theory of relativity and the relational concept of space and time developed in science nowadays. The author proves that Mach’s suggestion to consider the basic purpose of science as adapting an idea to experience gives a negative result due to the unilateral direction of the cognition process and the emergence of «model-dependent realism». As for the methodology of his works, they were written from the position of dialectics because of Mach’s argument with Newton and Kant’s metaphysical approach to a priori and absolute categories. The author makes a conclusion from the research that it was Mach who proposed the idea of the unity of subject and object in the form of their «principal coordination». This approach forms the foundation of understanding the cognition process in modern epistemology.

Ключевые слова: Subject, Object, Cognition, Experience, “complex of sensations”, Space, Time, “economy of thinking”, Relativity, Non-classics

Библиография:
Mikeshina L.A. Filosofiya poznaniya. Polemicheskie glavy. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2002. 624s
Makh E. Mekhanika. Per. s nem. Izdanie stereotipnoe. M.: KomKniga, 2015. 456s.
Gaydenko P.P. Vremya. Dlitel'nost'. Vechnost'. Problema vremeni v evropeyskoy filosofii i nauke. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2007. 464s.
Khaydegger M. Vremya i bytie. M.: Nauka, 2007. 621s.
Zherebin A.I. Ernst Makh i problema razrusheniya lichnosti.// Voprosy filosofii. №1, 2013. S.135-145.
Mach E. Die Analyse der Empfindungen und das Verhältnis des Physischen zum Psychischen. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer, 1922. 323S.
Makh E. Poznanie i zabluzhdenie: Prostranstvo i geometriya s tochki zreniya estestvoznaniya.// Filosofiya nauki: Epistemologiya. Poznanie. Kul'tura: Khrestomatiya: Uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov./ Otv. red.-sost. L.A. Mikeshina. M.: Izdatel'skiy dom Mezhdunarodnogo universiteta v Moskve, 2006. S.547-553.
Danielyan N.V. Vzglyad na nauchnuyu kartinu mira v filosofii Devida Yuma i sovremennoy epistemologii.// Filosofiya i kul'tura. №2(38), 2011. S.20-29.
Yum D. Traktat o chelovecheskoy prirode. Kn. pervaya. O poznanii. M.: Kanon+ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2009. 399s.
Lektorskiy V.A. Kant, radikal'nyy konstruktivizm i konstruktivnyy realizm v epistemologii.// Voprosy filosofii. №8, 2005. S.11-21.
Makh E. Populyarno-nauchnye ocherki. Per. s nem. Izdanie stereotipnoe. M.: KomKniga, 2015. 344s.
Kant I. Kritika chistogo razuma. Simferopol': «Renome», 2003. 464s.
Makh E. Analiz oshchushcheniy i otnoshenie fizicheskogo k psikhicheskomu. Per. s nem. M.: Izdatel'skiy dom «Territoriya budushchego», 2005. 304s.
Eynshteyn A. Ernst Makh.// Sobranie nauchnykh trudov v chetyrekh tomakh. T.IV. Stat'i, retsenzii, pis'ma. Evolyutsiya fiziki. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Nauka», 1967. 600s.

References (transliteration):
Mikeshina L.A. Filosofiya poznaniya. Polemicheskie glavy. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2002. 624s
Makh E. Mekhanika. Per. s nem. Izdanie stereotipnoe. M.: KomKniga, 2015. 456s.
Gaydenko P.P. Vremya. Dlitel'nost'. Vechnost'. Problema vremeni v evropeyskoy filosofii i nauke. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2007. 464s.
Khaydegger M. Vremya i bytie. M.: Nauka, 2007. 621s.
Zherebin A.I. Ernst Makh i problema razrusheniya lichnosti.// Voprosy filosofii. №1, 2013. S.135-145.
Mach E. Die Analyse der Empfindungen und das Verhältnis des Physischen zum Psychischen. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer, 1922. 323S.
Makh E. Poznanie i zabluzhdenie: Prostranstvo i geometriya s tochki zreniya estestvoznaniya.// Filosofiya nauki: Epistemologiya. Poznanie. Kul'tura: Khrestomatiya: Uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov./ Otv. red.-sost. L.A. Mikeshina. M.: Izdatel'skiy dom Mezhdunarodnogo universiteta v Moskve, 2006. S.547-553.
Danielyan N.V. Vzglyad na nauchnuyu kartinu mira v filosofii Devida Yuma i sovremennoy epistemologii.// Filosofiya i kul'tura. №2(38), 2011. S.20-29.
Yum D. Traktat o chelovecheskoy prirode. Kn. pervaya. O poznanii. M.: Kanon+ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2009. 399s.
Lektorskiy V.A. Kant, radikal'nyy konstruktivizm i konstruktivnyy realizm v epistemologii.// Voprosy filosofii. №8, 2005. S.11-21.
Makh E. Populyarno-nauchnye ocherki. Per. s nem. Izdanie stereotipnoe. M.: KomKniga, 2015. 344s.
Kant I. Kritika chistogo razuma. Simferopol': «Renome», 2003. 464s.
Makh E. Analiz oshchushcheniy i otnoshenie fizicheskogo k psikhicheskomu. Per. s nem. M.: Izdatel'skiy dom «Territoriya budushchego», 2005. 304s.
Eynshteyn A. Ernst Makh.// Sobranie nauchnykh trudov v chetyrekh tomakh. T.IV. Stat'i, retsenzii, pis'ma. Evolyutsiya fiziki. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Nauka», 1967. 600s.

Аннотация: The most complicated problem in Descartes’s metaphysics is the problem of combination of two diverse substances – thinking and extension – in one and indivisible person’s constitution. A solution of this problem proposed by Descartes was not satisfied his contemporaries and even became the main argument in favour of disclaimer all Cartesian system. The article attempts to show that Descartes’ interpretation of passions as the unity of mind and body turns out reasonable and very actual interpretation for modern philosophy, especially in connection with widely debated discussions which take place around the problem of body. To carry out the declared task, it was required to reconstruct an anthropology of Descartes which was positioned by him as the leading philosophical discipline. That is why a complex historico-philosophical and culturological methodology – including along with standard approaches of scientific research hermeneutics and structuralistic techniques of textual analysis – is applied in the article. The concept of passion considered as the principal moment of the Descartes’ anthropology allows us to supplement his traditional idealistic understanding of the person as the thinking substance and – connecting together body and consciousness which were divorced in ego cogito – to return to initial psychophysical unity of human being. Cartesian tactics of substantial division anthropologically appears not as the fundamental metaphysical principle, but as the supplementary methodological way of logical and discursive projecting of reality.

Библиография:
Greenberg S. Descartes on the Passions. Function, Representation, and Motivation // Noûs. 2007. Vol. 41/4. P. 714–734.
Schmidt A. „Quasi permixtum“. Die Einheit von Körper und Geist bei Rene Descartes // Das Leib-Seele-Problem und die Phänomenologie. Hrsg. von C. Nielsen. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2007. S. 35–51.
Hoffman P. The Union and Interaction of Mind and Body // A companion to Descartes. Ed. by J. Broughton and J. Carriero. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2008. P. 390–403.
Marion J.-L. Der Leib oder die Gegebenheit des Selbst // Gelebter Leib – verkörpertes Leben: neue Beiträge zur Phänomenologie der Leiblichkeit. Hrsg. von M. Staudigl. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2012. S. 21–42.
Dil'tey V. Vozzrenie na mir i issledovanie cheloveka so vremen Vozrozhdeniya i Reformatsii. 2-e izd. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2013.
Oeing-Hanhoff L. Der Mensch in der Philosophie Descartes’ // Die Frage nach dem Menschen. Aufriss einer philosophischen Anthropologie. Festschrift für Max Müller zum 60. Geburtstag. Hrsg. von H. Rombach. Freiburg i. Br., München: Alber, 1966. S. 375–409.
Dekart R. Strasti dushi // Dekart R. Soch. V 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989. S. 481–572.
Trofimova V. S. Zhenskiy golos v kartezianstve XVII veka: printsessa Elizaveta Bogemskaya // Vestnik istorii i filosofii KGU. Seriya «Filosofiya». 2008. № 2. S. 25–30.
Yandell D. What Descartes really told Elisabeth: Mind-body union as a primitive notion // British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 1997. Vol. 5/2. P. 249–273.
Nye A. The Princess and the Philosopher: Letters of Elizabeth of the Palatine to Rene Descartes. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.
Élisabeth de Bohème face à Descartes: Deux Philosophes? Actes du Colloque International. Lyon, 21–22 mai 2010. Dir. M.-F. Pellegrin et D. Kolesnik-Antoine. P.: Vrin, 2012.
Dekart R. Iz perepiski 1643–1649 gg. // Dekart R. Soch. V 2 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1994. S. 489–588.
Dekart R. Razmyshleniya o pervoy filosofii, v koikh dokazyvaetsya sushchestvovanie Boga i razlichie mezhdu chelovecheskoy dushoy i telom // Dekart R. Soch. V 2 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1994. S. 3–417.
Dekart R. Pervonachala filosofii // Dekart R. Soch. V 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989. S. 297–422.
Cottingham J. Cartesian Ethics: Reason and the Passions // Revue Internationale de Philosophie 1. 1996. Vol. 50/195. R. 193–216.
Passion and virtue in Descartes. Ed. by B. Williston and A. Gombay. Amherst, N.Y.: Humanity, 2003.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya. M.: Ad marginem, 1997.
Sheler M. Filosofskie fragmenty iz rukopisnogo naslediya. M.: Institut filosofii, teologii i istorii sv. Fomy, 2007.
Dzh. Bullington Fenomenologicheskiy podkhod k vyrazheniyu psikhosomaticheskogo tela. Glava 2. Zhivoe telo (perevod E.G. Rudnevoy) // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2013.-5.-C. 492-505. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.5.8741.
S. Zontag Antropolog kak geroy (perevod V.S. Kulaginoy-Yartsevoy) // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2014.-2.-C. 131-138. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2014.2.12135.
Shapiro L. Descartes Passions of the Soul and the Union of Mind and Body // Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie. 2003. Bd. 85, Heft 3. S. 211–248.
Almog J. What am I? Descartes and the mind-body problem. Oxford, B.: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002.
Williston B. Akrasia and the Passions in Descartes // The British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 1999. Vol. 7/1. R. 33–55.
Rethy R. The Teaching of Nature and the Nature of Man in Descartes’ „Passions de l’Ame” // The Review of Metaphysics. 2000. Vol. 53/3. P. 657–683.
Schmitter A. M. Representation, Self-Representation, and the Passions in Descartes // The Review of Metaphysics. 1994. Vol. 48/2. P. 331–357.

References (transliteration):
Greenberg S. Descartes on the Passions. Function, Representation, and Motivation // Noûs. 2007. Vol. 41/4. P. 714–734.
Schmidt A. „Quasi permixtum“. Die Einheit von Körper und Geist bei Rene Descartes // Das Leib-Seele-Problem und die Phänomenologie. Hrsg. von C. Nielsen. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2007. S. 35–51.
Hoffman P. The Union and Interaction of Mind and Body // A companion to Descartes. Ed. by J. Broughton and J. Carriero. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2008. P. 390–403.
Marion J.-L. Der Leib oder die Gegebenheit des Selbst // Gelebter Leib – verkörpertes Leben: neue Beiträge zur Phänomenologie der Leiblichkeit. Hrsg. von M. Staudigl. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2012. S. 21–42.
Dil'tey V. Vozzrenie na mir i issledovanie cheloveka so vremen Vozrozhdeniya i Reformatsii. 2-e izd. M., SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2013.
Oeing-Hanhoff L. Der Mensch in der Philosophie Descartes’ // Die Frage nach dem Menschen. Aufriss einer philosophischen Anthropologie. Festschrift für Max Müller zum 60. Geburtstag. Hrsg. von H. Rombach. Freiburg i. Br., München: Alber, 1966. S. 375–409.
Dekart R. Strasti dushi // Dekart R. Soch. V 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989. S. 481–572.
Trofimova V. S. Zhenskiy golos v kartezianstve XVII veka: printsessa Elizaveta Bogemskaya // Vestnik istorii i filosofii KGU. Seriya «Filosofiya». 2008. № 2. S. 25–30.
Yandell D. What Descartes really told Elisabeth: Mind-body union as a primitive notion // British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 1997. Vol. 5/2. P. 249–273.
Nye A. The Princess and the Philosopher: Letters of Elizabeth of the Palatine to Rene Descartes. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.
Élisabeth de Bohème face à Descartes: Deux Philosophes? Actes du Colloque International. Lyon, 21–22 mai 2010. Dir. M.-F. Pellegrin et D. Kolesnik-Antoine. P.: Vrin, 2012.
Dekart R. Iz perepiski 1643–1649 gg. // Dekart R. Soch. V 2 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1994. S. 489–588.
Dekart R. Razmyshleniya o pervoy filosofii, v koikh dokazyvaetsya sushchestvovanie Boga i razlichie mezhdu chelovecheskoy dushoy i telom // Dekart R. Soch. V 2 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1994. S. 3–417.
Dekart R. Pervonachala filosofii // Dekart R. Soch. V 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989. S. 297–422.
Cottingham J. Cartesian Ethics: Reason and the Passions // Revue Internationale de Philosophie 1. 1996. Vol. 50/195. R. 193–216.
Passion and virtue in Descartes. Ed. by B. Williston and A. Gombay. Amherst, N.Y.: Humanity, 2003.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya. M.: Ad marginem, 1997.
Sheler M. Filosofskie fragmenty iz rukopisnogo naslediya. M.: Institut filosofii, teologii i istorii sv. Fomy, 2007.
Dzh. Bullington Fenomenologicheskiy podkhod k vyrazheniyu psikhosomaticheskogo tela. Glava 2. Zhivoe telo (perevod E.G. Rudnevoy) // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2013.-5.-C. 492-505. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.5.8741.
S. Zontag Antropolog kak geroy (perevod V.S. Kulaginoy-Yartsevoy) // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2014.-2.-C. 131-138. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2014.2.12135.
Shapiro L. Descartes Passions of the Soul and the Union of Mind and Body // Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie. 2003. Bd. 85, Heft 3. S. 211–248.
Almog J. What am I? Descartes and the mind-body problem. Oxford, B.: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002.
Williston B. Akrasia and the Passions in Descartes // The British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 1999. Vol. 7/1. R. 33–55.
Rethy R. The Teaching of Nature and the Nature of Man in Descartes’ „Passions de l’Ame” // The Review of Metaphysics. 2000. Vol. 53/3. P. 657–683.
Schmitter A. M. Representation, Self-Representation, and the Passions in Descartes // The Review of Metaphysics. 1994. Vol. 48/2. P. 331–357.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the cognitive theory offered by Theophan Prokopovich as one of the representatives of the New European concept of knowledge and cognition. The author of the article analyzes Prokopovich' views on the source of human knowledge in terms of the development of modern philosophy. Nikitina also studies the model of the relationship betwen true religion and true knowledge as it is seen by the philosopher. In her article Nikitina provides an insight into the religious content of Theophan Prokopovich's cognitive concept. Philosophical views of an intellectual are represented as an integrity consisting of numerous theoretical and practical provisions, each of them being substantianted in Prokopovich' works written in different styles and for different philosophical, political, religious and social purposes. Philosophical views of Theophan Prokopovich are compared to New European philosophy in order to prove their topical nature and practical importance. The author of the article provides a comparative analysis of the views of Prokopovich and Locke on the problem of innate ideas. For the first time in the academic literature the author describes Theophan Prokopovich' cognitive concept as an element of the integral system of his philosophy but not as an individual theoretical concept. The author also proves the relation between his philosophy and philosophical and intellectual environment of those times as well as Prokopovich' ability to independently form views and concepts of the most important ideological issues of that epoch. The purpose of the present article is to demonstrate Prokopovich' understanding of cognition as well as the relationship between his philosophy and true religion.   

Ключевые слова: Theophan Prokopovich, John Locke, cognitive theory, knowledge, religious truth, scientific truth, innate ideas, cognitive concept, true faith, true evidence

Библиография:
Bіlets'kiy V. S. Ukraїns'ka natsіonal'na elіta KhVІІ-KhVІІІ st.: Feofan Prokopovich /// Skhіd, № 9-10(18-17), 1997. — S.53-57, S.56.
Gusєv V.І. Zakhіdna fіlosofіya Novogo chasu. KhVІІ-KhVІІІ st.: Pіdruchnik. – K.: Libіd', 1988 (spravdі 88, nemaє novіshogo? Todі tse ne zovsіm «suchasnі doslіdniki»). – S. 6
Ideynye svyazi progressivnykh mysliteley bratskikh narodov: XVII-XVIII vv. – Kiev.: Naukova dumka, 1978. – 190 s., S.126-127.
Samarin Yu. F. Stefan Yavorskiy i Feofan Prokopovich kak propovedniki. – M., 1844.
Ya.M. Stratiy, V.D. Litvinov, V.A. Andrushko Opisanie kursov filosofii i ritoriki professorov Kievo-Mogilyanskoy akademii. – Kiev.: Naukova dumka, 1982. – 349 s., S. 57.
Chistovich I. Feofan Prokopovich i ego vremya. SPb., 1868., S. 577
Feofan [Prokopovich] Rassuzhdenie o bezbozhii. M., 1774., S. 6.
Feofan Prokopovich. Fіlosofs'kі tvori v tr'okh tomakh. –K., 1979. –T. 2. – 552 s
Locke, John. Works, Vol 1. London: Taylor, 1722.

References (transliteration):
Bіlets'kiy V. S. Ukraїns'ka natsіonal'na elіta KhVІІ-KhVІІІ st.: Feofan Prokopovich /// Skhіd, № 9-10(18-17), 1997. — S.53-57, S.56.
Gusєv V.І. Zakhіdna fіlosofіya Novogo chasu. KhVІІ-KhVІІІ st.: Pіdruchnik. – K.: Libіd', 1988 (spravdі 88, nemaє novіshogo? Todі tse ne zovsіm «suchasnі doslіdniki»). – S. 6
Ideynye svyazi progressivnykh mysliteley bratskikh narodov: XVII-XVIII vv. – Kiev.: Naukova dumka, 1978. – 190 s., S.126-127.
Samarin Yu. F. Stefan Yavorskiy i Feofan Prokopovich kak propovedniki. – M., 1844.
Ya.M. Stratiy, V.D. Litvinov, V.A. Andrushko Opisanie kursov filosofii i ritoriki professorov Kievo-Mogilyanskoy akademii. – Kiev.: Naukova dumka, 1982. – 349 s., S. 57.
Chistovich I. Feofan Prokopovich i ego vremya. SPb., 1868., S. 577
Feofan [Prokopovich] Rassuzhdenie o bezbozhii. M., 1774., S. 6.
Feofan Prokopovich. Fіlosofs'kі tvori v tr'okh tomakh. –K., 1979. –T. 2. – 552 s
Locke, John. Works, Vol 1. London: Taylor, 1722.

Аннотация: The beginning of the XXth century was marked with the tendency towards modernization of Christianity in the Catholic West and in Russia. The process of preparation for that phenomenon started in the second half of the XIXth century and went on with different instensity. At the beginning of the XXth century it evolved into direct contacts at the private level in the course of which information was exchanged. During the period since 1904 to 1914 Fernand Portal sent his students to Russia to study Russian religious environment as well as to perform ecumenical mission. Portal's students made acquaintances and established contacts with both neo slavophiles an dreligious authors and intelligentsia in general. This fact has allowed to raise a question about the influence of the Roman Catholic modernism on the religious movement of the first decade of the XXth century in Russia. By analyzing the first translations from French into Russian (articles written by Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Joseph Wilbois) made especially for the present research as well as researches of Georges Nivat and Danilova about Slavophilism among the followers of Portal's teaching and the correspondence between 'Neo Christians' and a 'Neo Catholic' Zdziechowski published in her previous articles, Vorontsova specifies the nature of contacts between 'Neo Christians' and Ferdinand Portal's students. As an illustration, Vorontsova publishes the translation of the letter written by the 'Neo Christianity' leader Dmitry Merezhkovsky for the Journal of Portal's followers. This is the first translation of this letter published in Russian academic literature. As the topic for an individual research, the author of the article also touches upon the relations between 'Neo Catholics' and 'Neo Christians' in the first decade of the XXth century. The author presents the translation of Dmitry Merezhkovsky's article from the 'Catholic Journal of Churches' and uses the direct quotation of a French article of Joseph Wilbois on the religious consciousness in Russia. The author of the article concludes that contacts of 'Neo Christians' with the followers of Portal's school had different tasks and goals and proves the fact of mutual influence of those that was especially evident in the first decade of the XXth century.

Ключевые слова: Portal's school, modernism, Slavophilism, Neo-Christianity, Neo-Catholicism, Joseph Wilbois, Gustave Morel, Albert Gracie, followers of Portal's teaching, Russian Church

Библиография:
I.V. Vorontsova Simvolizm Marselya Ebera i khristianskiy modernizm // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-6.-C. 796-805. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.6.8080.
Wilbois J. La mission de l’Église russe : lettres de Moscou. L'avenir de l'Orthodoxie // Revue Catholique des Eglises. T. IV. 1907. № 2, fevrier. P. 92–102.
Pankratov A.S. Ishchushchie Boga. Ocherki sovremennykh religioznykh iskaniy i nastroeniy. Kn. 1. SPb., 1911. Prokoshev P.A. Religioznyy krizis na Zapade Evropy. (Modernizm). Tomsk. 1911.
Pavlova M. Mucheniki velikogo religioznogo protsessa. Vst. st. // Merezhkovskiy D., Gippius Z., Filosofov D. Tsar' i revolyutsiya. Parizh, 1907. 1-e russ. izd-e. P/red M.A. Kolerova, vst. st. M.M. Pavlovoy, per. s fr. O. V. Edel'man, podg. teksta N.V. Samover. M.: OGI, 1999. Ser.: Issledovaniya po istorii russkoy mysli. Pod obshch. red. M.A. Kolerova . T. 4.
Merezhkovskiy D. Posledniy svyatoy // Russkaya mysl'. 1907. Kn. 8. S. 74–94, kn. IX. S. 1–22.
[Mèrejkowski. D.] Deux points de vue sur l’Eglise russe // Revue Catholique des Eglises. Tome V. Paris, 1908.
Nivat G. «Kievskaya shkola» abbata Portala. El. resurs www.nivat.free.fr.
Vorontsova I.V. Poslednyaya stat'ya Dzhordzha Tirrelya kak pokazatel' otnosheniya «neokhristianstva» k rimo-katolicheskomu «modernizmu» // Voprosy filosofii. 2011. № 10. S. 75‒82.
Danilova O.S. Frantsuzskoe «slavyanofil'stvo» v nachale XX v.: shkola slavistiki abbata F. Portalya. // Rossiya i Frantsiya: XVIII–XX vv. M., 2008. In-t vseobshchey istorii RAN. Vyp. 8.
Danilova O.S. Rossiya glazami frantsuzskogo «slavyanofila». Abbat Al'ber Gras'e. Moi religioznye vpechatleniya ot Rossii. Iz fondov arkhiva Tsentra issledovaniy «Istina» (Parizh) // Rossiya i Frantsiya: XVIII–XX veka. Vyp. 9. M., 2009.
Abbé A. Gratieux. Mes impressions religieuses de Russie. [s.l.] [s.a.]
Abbat A. Gras'e. Moi religioznye vpechatleniya ot Rossii. [b.m.] [b.g.] Per. Danilovoy O.S. // Rossiya i Frantsiya: XVIII–XX veka. Vyp. 9. M., 2009.

References (transliteration):
I.V. Vorontsova Simvolizm Marselya Ebera i khristianskiy modernizm // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-6.-C. 796-805. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.6.8080.
Wilbois J. La mission de l’Église russe : lettres de Moscou. L'avenir de l'Orthodoxie // Revue Catholique des Eglises. T. IV. 1907. № 2, fevrier. P. 92–102.
Pankratov A.S. Ishchushchie Boga. Ocherki sovremennykh religioznykh iskaniy i nastroeniy. Kn. 1. SPb., 1911. Prokoshev P.A. Religioznyy krizis na Zapade Evropy. (Modernizm). Tomsk. 1911.
Pavlova M. Mucheniki velikogo religioznogo protsessa. Vst. st. // Merezhkovskiy D., Gippius Z., Filosofov D. Tsar' i revolyutsiya. Parizh, 1907. 1-e russ. izd-e. P/red M.A. Kolerova, vst. st. M.M. Pavlovoy, per. s fr. O. V. Edel'man, podg. teksta N.V. Samover. M.: OGI, 1999. Ser.: Issledovaniya po istorii russkoy mysli. Pod obshch. red. M.A. Kolerova . T. 4.
Merezhkovskiy D. Posledniy svyatoy // Russkaya mysl'. 1907. Kn. 8. S. 74–94, kn. IX. S. 1–22.
[Mèrejkowski. D.] Deux points de vue sur l’Eglise russe // Revue Catholique des Eglises. Tome V. Paris, 1908.
Nivat G. «Kievskaya shkola» abbata Portala. El. resurs www.nivat.free.fr.
Vorontsova I.V. Poslednyaya stat'ya Dzhordzha Tirrelya kak pokazatel' otnosheniya «neokhristianstva» k rimo-katolicheskomu «modernizmu» // Voprosy filosofii. 2011. № 10. S. 75‒82.
Danilova O.S. Frantsuzskoe «slavyanofil'stvo» v nachale XX v.: shkola slavistiki abbata F. Portalya. // Rossiya i Frantsiya: XVIII–XX vv. M., 2008. In-t vseobshchey istorii RAN. Vyp. 8.
Danilova O.S. Rossiya glazami frantsuzskogo «slavyanofila». Abbat Al'ber Gras'e. Moi religioznye vpechatleniya ot Rossii. Iz fondov arkhiva Tsentra issledovaniy «Istina» (Parizh) // Rossiya i Frantsiya: XVIII–XX veka. Vyp. 9. M., 2009.
Abbé A. Gratieux. Mes impressions religieuses de Russie. [s.l.] [s.a.]
Abbat A. Gras'e. Moi religioznye vpechatleniya ot Rossii. [b.m.] [b.g.] Per. Danilovoy O.S. // Rossiya i Frantsiya: XVIII–XX veka. Vyp. 9. M., 2009.

Аннотация: The author of the present article makes an attempt to demonstrate a stable consistency and structure of Nietzsche's philosophy and emphasizes the fact that the dominating interpretations of this philosophy are rather unsatisfactory. The famous provision about Nietzche's teaching being poetically inconsistent, incomplete and contradictory is proved to be wrong. The author underlines that in order to develop the right understanding of Nietzche's philosophy, it is necessary to view it as a coordinated doctrine. Nietzche's philosophy is being reconstructed by the author through successive analysis of the main points of Nietzche's teaching (metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of history and culture, psychology, ethics, aesthetics and politics). Systematic interpretation and solution of so called 'contradictions' of Nietzche's philosophy are possible only within the framework of hermeneutic philosophy. The focus on the context and peculiarities of the concepts Nietzche operated and the principle of interpreting each fragment as the part of his entire legacy lead to the conclusions that are absolutely different from traditional studies of Nietzche. The irreversible relation between the key terms and theses of Nietzche's teaching becomes obvious. According to the rules of philosophical architecture, his metaphysics of the will to power creates the basis for all his provisions and statements including gnoseological, ethical, aesthetical or other issues. This sets a new goal both for an individual and society, the highest forcefulness and magnificence like human, and allows to find efficient methods to achieve this goal. Meanwhile, the academic literature rarely offers such an analysis and even rare researches that can be actually found in literature do not meet their goal objectives. 

Ключевые слова: gnoseology, Nietzsche, reevaluation, Nietzsche's systematic interpretation, nihilism, ethics, aesthetics, history of philosophy, philosophy of culture, political philosophy

Библиография:
The New Nietzsche: Contemporary Styles of Interpretation / ed. by D.B. Allison. N.Y.: Dell Publishing Co., 1977.
Richardson J. Nietzsche’s System. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Lowith K. Nietzsche's Philosophy of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same. Berkley: University of California Press, 1997.
Klossowski P. Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle. Chicago: Chicago Press, 1998.
Kaufmann W. Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974.
Fink E. Nietzsche’s Philosophy. L., N.Y.: Continuum, 2003.
Yaspers K. Nitsshe. Vvedenie v ponimanie ego filosofstvovaniya. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2003.
Tsendrovskiy O.Yu. Filosofiya Antuana de Sent-Ekzyuperi: opyt rekonstruktsii // NB: Filologicheskie issledovaniya. 2013. № 4. C. 1-33.
Tsendrovskiy O.Yu. Ideal velichiya v filosofii Nitsshe // Vestnik RKhGA. № 4. 2013. C. 119-129.
Khaydegger M. Istok khudozhestvennogo tvoreniya. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2008.
Khaydegger M. Chto zovetsya myshleniem? M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2010.
Nitsshe F. Sobr. soch.: v 2 t. M.: Mysl', 1996.
C. 114-120. 6. Nitsshe F. Poln. sobr. soch.: v 13 t. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2006-2014.
Naumov Yu.V. Religiozno-filosofskie idei naslediya F. Nitsshe i V. Solov'eva (Komparativistskiy analiz) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. №
Markov B. V. Chelovek, gosudarstvo i Bog v filosofii Nitsshe. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2005.
Mochkin A.N. Revolyutsiya «nigilizma» F. Nitsshe i konservativnaya revolyutsiya O. Shpenglera // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. № 3. C. 316-324.
Batay Zh. O Nitsshe. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2010.
Delez Zh. Nitsshe i filosofiya. M.: Ad Marginem, 2003.

References (transliteration):
The New Nietzsche: Contemporary Styles of Interpretation / ed. by D.B. Allison. N.Y.: Dell Publishing Co., 1977.
Richardson J. Nietzsche’s System. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Lowith K. Nietzsche's Philosophy of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same. Berkley: University of California Press, 1997.
Klossowski P. Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle. Chicago: Chicago Press, 1998.
Kaufmann W. Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974.
Fink E. Nietzsche’s Philosophy. L., N.Y.: Continuum, 2003.
Yaspers K. Nitsshe. Vvedenie v ponimanie ego filosofstvovaniya. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2003.
Tsendrovskiy O.Yu. Filosofiya Antuana de Sent-Ekzyuperi: opyt rekonstruktsii // NB: Filologicheskie issledovaniya. 2013. № 4. C. 1-33.
Tsendrovskiy O.Yu. Ideal velichiya v filosofii Nitsshe // Vestnik RKhGA. № 4. 2013. C. 119-129.
Khaydegger M. Istok khudozhestvennogo tvoreniya. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2008.
Khaydegger M. Chto zovetsya myshleniem? M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2010.
Nitsshe F. Sobr. soch.: v 2 t. M.: Mysl', 1996.
C. 114-120. 6. Nitsshe F. Poln. sobr. soch.: v 13 t. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2006-2014.
Naumov Yu.V. Religiozno-filosofskie idei naslediya F. Nitsshe i V. Solov'eva (Komparativistskiy analiz) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. №
Markov B. V. Chelovek, gosudarstvo i Bog v filosofii Nitsshe. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2005.
Mochkin A.N. Revolyutsiya «nigilizma» F. Nitsshe i konservativnaya revolyutsiya O. Shpenglera // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. № 3. C. 316-324.
Batay Zh. O Nitsshe. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2010.
Delez Zh. Nitsshe i filosofiya. M.: Ad Marginem, 2003.

Аннотация: The subject under research is the process of the conveyance of the ideas of Byzantine hesychasm in the culture of the medieval Rus and Crimea. The author underlines that being a mystical teaching about 'divinization' of human, hesychasm expresses the inmost essence of Orthodoxy. Since the very times of Kievan Rus, hesychasm has been the essential part of the spitirual culture of Eastern Slavic peoples, thus contributing to the development of their sanctity ideal. In this article Zhirtueva examines the stages of the perception of the ideas of Byzantine hesychasm and creative interpretation of these ideas in Kievan Rus, Moscovian Rus and Tauris. The methodology of the research involves the comparative philosopho-theological analysis. The research methods include the comparative analytical method, analysis, synthesis, generalization, inidividuation and historical narrative. As a result of the research, the author concludes that the process of the conveyance of the ideas of Byzantine hesychasm underwent the two stages in medieval Rus and Crimea. In the VIIIth - XIth centuries the two centers of Byzantine hesychasm were created as a result of the aniconic movement. Those were the so called 'cave monasteries' of Tauris and Kiev Pechersk Lavra. In the XIVth - XVth the original school of 'Moscow hesychasm' (nestyazhatelstvo or the teaching of non-possession) was created due to 'hesychasm debates'. In Old Russia hesychasm was presented as ascetic hesychasm oriented at individual 'divinization' of human and political hesychasm aimed at realizing the ideal of the conciliar unity of the mankind. 

Ключевые слова: Kiev Pechersk Lavra, sanctity ideal, prayer from the mind and heart, non-possession (nestyazhatelstvo), political hesychasm, divinization, hesychasm, Trinity Monastery, cave monasteries, Tauris

Библиография:
Baranov I. A. O vosstanii Ioanna Gotskogo // Feodal'naya Tavrika. / I. A. Baranov.-K.: Naukova dumka, 1974.-S.151-162.
Borisov N. S. I svecha by ne ugasla...: Istoricheskiy portret Sergiya Radonezhskogo. / Nikolay Sergeevich Borisov.-M.: Molodaya gvardiya, 1990.-301 s.
Bubnova V. A. Nil Sorskiy: Istoricheskoe povestvovanie. / V. A. Bubnova.-SPb: b.i., 1992.-158 s.
Egorov A. A. Mitropolit Kiprian i ego vremya: k voprosu o politicheskom isikhazme // Otechestvennaya filosofskaya mysl' XI-XVIII vv. i grecheskaya kul'tura: sbornik statey. / A. A. Egorov.-K.: Nauk.dumka, 1991.-S. 219-228.
Zhirtuєva N. S. Modifіkatsії mіstichnogo dosvіdu v relіgіynikh traditsіyakh svіtu: monografіya. / Natalіya Sergіїvna Zhirtuєva. – Kherson : Vidavnitstvo KhDMІ, 2009. – 327 s.
Zamaleev A. F. Otechestvennye mysliteli pozdnego srednevekov'ya./ Aleksandr Fazlaevich Zamaleev.-K.: Lybid', 1990.-176 s.
Zubar' V. M., Pavlenko Yu. V. Khersones Tavricheskiy i rasprostranenie khristianstva na Rusi. / V. M. Zubar', Yu. V. Pavlenko.-K.: Naukova dumka, 1988.-230 s.
«Izbornik». Sbornik proizvedeniy literatury Drevney Rusi. / [sost. i red. L. A. Dmitrieva, D. S. Likhachev].-M.: Khud. lit, 1969.-799 s. – (B-ka vsemirnoy literatury).
Ieromonakh Ioann (Kologrivov). Ocherki po istorii russkoy svyatosti. / Ioann Kologrivov.-Siracusa: Editrica “Istina”, 1991. – 415 c.
Lіtopis rus'kiy./ [per. z davn'orus. L. E. Makhnovtsya; red. O.V. Mishanich]. – K.: Dnіpro, 1989. – XVI + 591 s.
Likhachev D.S. Kul'tura Rusi vremeni Andreya Rubleva i Epifaniya Premudrogo./ Dmitriy Sergeevich Likhachev.-M.; L.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1962.-172 s.
Meyendorf I. F. O vizantiyskom isikhazme i ego roli v kul'turnom i politicheskom razvitii Vostochnoy Evropy v XIV v. // Trudy otdela drevnerusskoy literatury. T.29.: [sb. nauch. trudov]. / I. F. Meyendorf.-L.: Nauka, Leningr. otd-nie, 1974.-S. 291 – 305.
Pamyatniki vizantiyskoy literatury. IV-IX vekov. / [otv. red. L.A.Freyberg]. – M.: Nauka, 1968.-354 s.
Pamyatniki literatury drevney Rusi. XIV-seredina XV veka./ [sost. i red. L. A. Dmitrieva, D. S. Likhachev].-M.: Khud. lit., 1981.-602 s.
Rostovskiy Dm. Zhitie Sergiya Radonezhskogo // Balashov D.M. Pokhvala Sergiyu. / D. Rostovskiy.-M.: Izd-vo Mezhregional. tsentra otraslevoy informatiki Gosatomnadzora Rossii, 1997.-S. 273 – 288.
Prepodobnyy Nil Sorskiy. O vos'mi glavnykh strastyakh i o pobede nad nimi. – M.: Tsentr BLAGO, 1997. – 64 s.
Prepodobnyy Nil Sorskiy. Uchitel' umnogo delaniya. – M.: Tsentr BLAGO; KAZAK, 1997. – 64 s.
Trubetskoy E. N. Umozrenie v kraskakh. (Vopros o smysle zhizni v drevnerusskoy zhivopisi). / E. N.Trubetskoy; [reprint. izd.]. – M.: «Interprint», 1990. – 44 s. – vykh. d. orig.: M.: Tip. T-va I.D.Sytina, 1916.
Fadeeva T. M. Tayny gornogo Kryma. /Tat'yana Mikhaylovna Fadeeva. – Simferopol': Biznes-Inform, 1998. – 256 s.
Fedotov G. P. Svyatye Drevney Rusi. / Georgiy Petrovich Fedotov.-M.: Moskovskiy rabochiy, 1990.-269 s.
Florovskiy G. Puti russkogo bogosloviya. / Georgiy Florovskiy; [reprint. izd.].-K.: «Put' k istine», 1991.-600 s.
Yakobson A. L. Krym v srednie veka. / Anatoliy Leopol'dovich Yakobson.-L.; M.: Nauka, 1973. – 173 s. – (Iz istorii mirovoy kul'tury).

References (transliteration):
Baranov I. A. O vosstanii Ioanna Gotskogo // Feodal'naya Tavrika. / I. A. Baranov.-K.: Naukova dumka, 1974.-S.151-162.
Borisov N. S. I svecha by ne ugasla...: Istoricheskiy portret Sergiya Radonezhskogo. / Nikolay Sergeevich Borisov.-M.: Molodaya gvardiya, 1990.-301 s.
Bubnova V. A. Nil Sorskiy: Istoricheskoe povestvovanie. / V. A. Bubnova.-SPb: b.i., 1992.-158 s.
Egorov A. A. Mitropolit Kiprian i ego vremya: k voprosu o politicheskom isikhazme // Otechestvennaya filosofskaya mysl' XI-XVIII vv. i grecheskaya kul'tura: sbornik statey. / A. A. Egorov.-K.: Nauk.dumka, 1991.-S. 219-228.
Zhirtuєva N. S. Modifіkatsії mіstichnogo dosvіdu v relіgіynikh traditsіyakh svіtu: monografіya. / Natalіya Sergіїvna Zhirtuєva. – Kherson : Vidavnitstvo KhDMІ, 2009. – 327 s.
Zamaleev A. F. Otechestvennye mysliteli pozdnego srednevekov'ya./ Aleksandr Fazlaevich Zamaleev.-K.: Lybid', 1990.-176 s.
Zubar' V. M., Pavlenko Yu. V. Khersones Tavricheskiy i rasprostranenie khristianstva na Rusi. / V. M. Zubar', Yu. V. Pavlenko.-K.: Naukova dumka, 1988.-230 s.
«Izbornik». Sbornik proizvedeniy literatury Drevney Rusi. / [sost. i red. L. A. Dmitrieva, D. S. Likhachev].-M.: Khud. lit, 1969.-799 s. – (B-ka vsemirnoy literatury).
Ieromonakh Ioann (Kologrivov). Ocherki po istorii russkoy svyatosti. / Ioann Kologrivov.-Siracusa: Editrica “Istina”, 1991. – 415 c.
Lіtopis rus'kiy./ [per. z davn'orus. L. E. Makhnovtsya; red. O.V. Mishanich]. – K.: Dnіpro, 1989. – XVI + 591 s.
Likhachev D.S. Kul'tura Rusi vremeni Andreya Rubleva i Epifaniya Premudrogo./ Dmitriy Sergeevich Likhachev.-M.; L.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1962.-172 s.
Meyendorf I. F. O vizantiyskom isikhazme i ego roli v kul'turnom i politicheskom razvitii Vostochnoy Evropy v XIV v. // Trudy otdela drevnerusskoy literatury. T.29.: [sb. nauch. trudov]. / I. F. Meyendorf.-L.: Nauka, Leningr. otd-nie, 1974.-S. 291 – 305.
Pamyatniki vizantiyskoy literatury. IV-IX vekov. / [otv. red. L.A.Freyberg]. – M.: Nauka, 1968.-354 s.
Pamyatniki literatury drevney Rusi. XIV-seredina XV veka./ [sost. i red. L. A. Dmitrieva, D. S. Likhachev].-M.: Khud. lit., 1981.-602 s.
Rostovskiy Dm. Zhitie Sergiya Radonezhskogo // Balashov D.M. Pokhvala Sergiyu. / D. Rostovskiy.-M.: Izd-vo Mezhregional. tsentra otraslevoy informatiki Gosatomnadzora Rossii, 1997.-S. 273 – 288.
Prepodobnyy Nil Sorskiy. O vos'mi glavnykh strastyakh i o pobede nad nimi. – M.: Tsentr BLAGO, 1997. – 64 s.
Prepodobnyy Nil Sorskiy. Uchitel' umnogo delaniya. – M.: Tsentr BLAGO; KAZAK, 1997. – 64 s.
Trubetskoy E. N. Umozrenie v kraskakh. (Vopros o smysle zhizni v drevnerusskoy zhivopisi). / E. N.Trubetskoy; [reprint. izd.]. – M.: «Interprint», 1990. – 44 s. – vykh. d. orig.: M.: Tip. T-va I.D.Sytina, 1916.
Fadeeva T. M. Tayny gornogo Kryma. /Tat'yana Mikhaylovna Fadeeva. – Simferopol': Biznes-Inform, 1998. – 256 s.
Fedotov G. P. Svyatye Drevney Rusi. / Georgiy Petrovich Fedotov.-M.: Moskovskiy rabochiy, 1990.-269 s.
Florovskiy G. Puti russkogo bogosloviya. / Georgiy Florovskiy; [reprint. izd.].-K.: «Put' k istine», 1991.-600 s.
Yakobson A. L. Krym v srednie veka. / Anatoliy Leopol'dovich Yakobson.-L.; M.: Nauka, 1973. – 173 s. – (Iz istorii mirovoy kul'tury).

Аннотация: The subject of the present research article is the concept of chronotope. Based on the provisions and conclusions of the Russian philosophers of the XXth century who founded the theory of chronotope (A. Ukhtomsky and M. Bakhtin) and the theory of the semantic world (V. Nalimova), the author of the present article sets a goal to create the ontological interpretation of the concept of chronotope that would define chronotope as the semantic world of the entity and the entity would be revealed as chronotope. The author defines the semantic world as the unity of spatial (matter, image, location, change) and time-related (existence, history, attribution to a particular culture-historical epoch, singularity of existence) features of the entity. The methodological basis of the research involves negative dialectics (according to which a contradiction does not necessarily have to be eliminated unlike in Hegel's positive dialectics), Heidegger's and Sartre's phenomenology and Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics. Appealling to the semantic world of the entity, it is possible to reveal its image, meaning, history, attribution to a particular epoch, involvement into the unity of the world and human culture. Applying his own theory of chronotope as a universal ontological category, Politov offers such terms as ontological interpretation, semantic world, entity basis, appeal to the semantic world. According to the researcher, the ontological category of chronotope as the semantic world can be used to create an integral description of any entity such as a handy thing, household item, artwork, culture-historical epoch, past event or human himself. 

Ключевые слова: chronotope, semantic world, ontological interpretation, ontology, historicity of existence, appeal to existence, existing basis, Bakhtin, Nalimov, Ukhtomsky

Библиография:
S.Yu. Ivanov Vseobshchee, osobennoe, edinichnoe v sovremennykh filosofskikh techeniyakh: rol' i znach enie kartiny mira // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2011.-8.-C. 7-16.
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References (transliteration):
S.Yu. Ivanov Vseobshchee, osobennoe, edinichnoe v sovremennykh filosofskikh techeniyakh: rol' i znach enie kartiny mira // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2011.-8.-C. 7-16.
A.N. Fatenkov Smysl i granitsy realizma. // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2011.-2.-C. 57-62.
S.Yu. Ivanov Kontsepty vseobshchego, osobennogo i edinichnogo v kontekste strukturnoy modeli kartiny mira // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2011.-5.-C. 43-49.
I.V. Deklerk Metafizicheskie kontseptsii sotsial'no-kommunikativnoy obshchnosti // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2011.-6.-C. 48-54.
Khaydegger M. Prolegomeny k istorii ponyatiya vremeni [Tekst]. Tomsk: Izdatel'stvo «Vodoley», 1998.— 384 s
Khaydegger M. Osnovnye problemy fenomenologii [Tekst]. Spb.: Vysshaya religiozno-filosofskaya shkola, 2001. – 456 s.
Khaydegger M. Vremya i bytie: Stat'i i vystupleniya [Tekst]: Per. s nem.— M.: Respublika, 1993.— 447 s.
Khaydegger M. Vvedenie v metafiziku [Tekst]. Spb.: Vysshaya religiozno-filosofskaya shkola, 1998. – 303 s.
Ukhtomskiy A. Dominanta [Tekst]. – SPb.: Piter, 2002. – 448 s.
Sartr Zh. P. Bytie i nichto: Opyt fenomenologicheskoy ontologii [Tekst] / Per. s fr., predisl., primech. V. I. Kolyadko. — M.: Respub¬lika, 2000. — 639 s.
Nalimov V. Spontannost' soznaniya: Veroyatnostnaya teoriya smyslov i smyslovaya arkhitektonika lichnosti [Tekst]. – M.: 1989. – 288 s.
Zheleznyak V. Medium. Opyt ontologicheskogo istolkovaniya kantovskoy filosofii [Tekst]. – Perm', 1997. – 249 s.
Dekart R. Sochineniya v 2 t. [Tekst]: Per. s lat. i frants. T. І/Sost., red., vstup. st. V. V. Sokolova.— M.: Mysl', 1989.— 654 s.
Gadamer Kh.-G. Istina i metod: Osnovy filos. germenevtiki [Tekst]: Per. s nem./Obshch. red. i vstup. st. B. N. Bessonova.— M.: Progress, 1988. —704 s.
Bakhtin M. M. Sobranie sochineniy. T. 3: Teoriya romana (1930—1961 gg.) [Tekst]. — M.: Yazyki slavyanskikh kul'tur, 2012. — 880 s.
Aristotel'. Poetika [Tekst] // Aristotel'. Politika / Aristotel'; Per. S. A. Zhebeleva, M. L. Gasparova. – M.: OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST», 2002. – 393 s.
Aristotel' S. Metafizika [Tekst] / Per. s grecheskogo A. Kubitskogo. – M.: Izd-vo Eksmo, 2006. – 608 s.
Shagiakhmetov M.R.. Sistemnaya ontologiya. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-№ 11.-C. 1621-1630. DOI: .10.7256/1999-2793.2013.11.632

Аннотация: Eary Pythagorean cosmology focused on the philosophical idea of oder (τάξις). The main objective of the present research is to define to what extend the Pythagorean concept of τάξις was a revolutionary idea. In this article Lechich gives a definition of  τάξις as the term used for describing order in ancient Greek philosophy and emphasizes axiological elements hidden in that term. The researcher 1) shows the difference in Alcman's and Anaximander's concepts of the world total, 2) extends the description of these differences in terms of early Pythagorean cosmology, and 3) compares the results of the present research to the ideas of other major Pre-Socratic philosophers. The researcher achieves the objectives of the research based on existing philological and historical critical analysis of Pre-Socratic fragments. Using the method of phenomenological analysis, the researcher tries to find mental phenomena-precedents in these fragments and at the same time avoid projecting definitions and concepts of modern sciences on these fragments. The novelty of the article is caused by the fact that the author makes a statement about Pythagorean interpretation of order having no precedents in ontology and axiology. According to the researcher, the tendency to project the idea of τάξις (which was developed by Plato later) on the concepts of more ancient philosophers has no reasonable grounds, mostly because such projection may create the wrong opinion that ancient philosophers had negative axiology of 'the shapeless'. 

Ключевые слова: Greek philosophy, early Pythagorean school, Pre-Socratic philosophers, cosmos, universe, cosmology , world total, axiology, order, disorder, materia

Библиография:
Rée Jonathan et al. Philosophy and its past. Hassocks: Harvester Press, 1978.
Most Glenn W. Alcman's «Cosmogonic» Fragment (Fr. 5 Page, 81 Calame) // The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 1 (1987), 1–19.
Kahn Charles H. Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: a brief history. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub, 2001.
Diels Hermann. Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, Griechisch und Deutsch / her. W. Krantz. Dublin & Zürich: Weidmann, 1974, T. 1–2.
Cornford F. M. Mysticism and Science in the Pythagorean Tradition // The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 3/4 (1922), 137–150.
Burkert Walter. Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972.
Barnes, Jonathan. The Presocratic Philosophers. London: Routledge, 1982.
Khaydegger Martin. Izrechenie Anaksimandra, v: Razgovor na proselochnoy doroge: Izbrannnye stat'i iz pozdnego perioda tvorchestva. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1991, 28–68.
Fragmenty rannikh grecheskikh filosofov, chast' I: Ot epicheskikh teokosmogoniy do vozniknoveniya atomistiki / pod red. A. V. Lebedeva. M.: Nauka, 1989.
Zhmud' L. Ya. Nauka, filosofiya i religiya v rannem pifagoreizme. SPb: Aleteyya, 1994.
Vernan Zhan-P'er. Proiskhozhdenie drevnegrecheskoy mysli. M.: Progress, 1988.
Gegel' G. V. F. Lektsii po istorii filosofii I–III. M.: Partiynoe izdatel'stvo, 1932.
Rorty Richard. The Historiography of Philosophy: Four Genres, v: Rorty Richard et al. (eds.). Philosophy in History: Essays in the Historiography of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Vlastos Gregory. Theology and Philosophy in Early Greek Thought // The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 2, No. 7 (1952), 97–123.

References (transliteration):
Rée Jonathan et al. Philosophy and its past. Hassocks: Harvester Press, 1978.
Most Glenn W. Alcman's «Cosmogonic» Fragment (Fr. 5 Page, 81 Calame) // The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 1 (1987), 1–19.
Kahn Charles H. Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: a brief history. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub, 2001.
Diels Hermann. Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, Griechisch und Deutsch / her. W. Krantz. Dublin & Zürich: Weidmann, 1974, T. 1–2.
Cornford F. M. Mysticism and Science in the Pythagorean Tradition // The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 3/4 (1922), 137–150.
Burkert Walter. Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972.
Barnes, Jonathan. The Presocratic Philosophers. London: Routledge, 1982.
Khaydegger Martin. Izrechenie Anaksimandra, v: Razgovor na proselochnoy doroge: Izbrannnye stat'i iz pozdnego perioda tvorchestva. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1991, 28–68.
Fragmenty rannikh grecheskikh filosofov, chast' I: Ot epicheskikh teokosmogoniy do vozniknoveniya atomistiki / pod red. A. V. Lebedeva. M.: Nauka, 1989.
Zhmud' L. Ya. Nauka, filosofiya i religiya v rannem pifagoreizme. SPb: Aleteyya, 1994.
Vernan Zhan-P'er. Proiskhozhdenie drevnegrecheskoy mysli. M.: Progress, 1988.
Gegel' G. V. F. Lektsii po istorii filosofii I–III. M.: Partiynoe izdatel'stvo, 1932.
Rorty Richard. The Historiography of Philosophy: Four Genres, v: Rorty Richard et al. (eds.). Philosophy in History: Essays in the Historiography of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Vlastos Gregory. Theology and Philosophy in Early Greek Thought // The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 2, No. 7 (1952), 97–123.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the cultural and educational aspects of the development of philosophical ideas of the thinker of the XIX century Nikolay Markov. The author of the article decribes the history of his becoming a philosopher, religious figure and a teacher. Proceeding from conditions of the cultural and educational development of Russia of that time, the emphasis is made on the specifics of interpretation of philosophical concepts and terms at the different historical periods. The author proves that conceptual provisions of Nikolay Markov coincided with the leading philosophical views of those times. In his research the author has used the methods of historicism and comparison. These methods allow to carry out the analysis of influence of being on the development of philosophical ideas of Nikolay Markov and a role of his philosophical and educational doctrines in the history of philosophy and culture of Russia.Using these methods the author will be able to achieve the following goals:1. To investigate the conceptual grounds of Nikolay Markov's philosophical doctrines revealing ideological fullness of history of philosophical and educational development of Russia in the second half of the XIX century.2. To demonstrate that the philosophical culture of Russian people has always been the real treasury from which thinkers adopted ideas for the development of philosophical concepts of their own educational development.Conceptual grounds of Nikolay Markov's philosophical doctrines were based on the best ideas of the leading European philosophers and teachers. They help us to open ideological fullness of history of philosophical and educational development of Russia of the second half of the XIX century. In addition, these philosophical ideas reflet the influence of being on the development of philosophical doctrines in Russia. Therefore, his philosophical ideas have a large scope of philosophical, educational, cultural and esthetic views on various aspects of their perspective. The philosophical culture of Russian people has always been the spokesman of human wisdom both for Russians and foreigners that is brightly reflected in Nikolay Markov's philosophical ideas and concepts. Therefore the philosophical culture of Russian people is the real treasury from which thinkers take ideas for the development of their own philosophical concepts. 

Ключевые слова: culture, education, philosophy, metaphysics, history, religion, ethics, ontology, theology, gnoseology

Библиография:
Polishchuk V.I. Ideya kul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2012.-1.-C. 204-217. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2012.1.87. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_87.html
Alekhina E.V. Kosmologicheskiy aspekt smysla zhizni v russkoy religioznoy filosofii (konets XIX – pervaya polovina KhKh veka) // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-6.-C. 545-589. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_624.html.
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Natsional'no-kul'turnaya identichnost' v kontekste filosofskoy traditsii dialoga kul'tur // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-10.-C. 183-244. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_8848.html
Prokhorov M.M. Printsip edinstva bytiya i istorii v filosofskom mirovozzrenii // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-12.-C. 1-81. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_524.html
Koren' R.V. Filosofskie issledovaniya kontsepta "kul'tura" // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva.-2013.-3.-C. 1-17. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_824.html
Markov N.P. Pedagog drevnego klassicheskogo mira – filosof Sokrat. – Chernigov, 1884 god.
Sheler M. Izbrannye proizvedeniya: Perevod s nemetskogo Denezhkina A.F., Malinkina A.N., Fillipova A.F.; Pod red. Denezhkina A.V. – M.: Gnozis, 1994. – 490 s.
Markov N.P. Obzor filosofskikh ucheniy. – M., 1881.
Mashchenko S.T. N.Markov – filosof i pedagog. – Chernigov, 2009,-132 s.
Mashchenko S.T. Filosofskiy mir N.Markova. – Chernigov, 2006. – 68 s.
Grishin V.V.. Religioznaya filosofiya, russkaya literatura i ekzistentsializm v poiske smysla zhizni. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-№
-C. 1770-1775. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.12.7606. 12. V. V. Blokhin, I. I. Pimenova. Problema transformatsii obshchestvennogo soznaniya intelligentsii na rubezhe 1890-kh godov – nachala KhKh veka. // Kul'tura i iskusstvo.-2013.-№ 4.-C. 398-403. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1956.2013.4.9207.
R.N. Parkhomenko. Svoboda kak filosofiya bogochelovechestva (N. Berdyaev). // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2013.-№ 7.-C. 636-643. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.7.8106.

References (transliteration):
Polishchuk V.I. Ideya kul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2012.-1.-C. 204-217. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2012.1.87. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_87.html
Alekhina E.V. Kosmologicheskiy aspekt smysla zhizni v russkoy religioznoy filosofii (konets XIX – pervaya polovina KhKh veka) // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-6.-C. 545-589. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_624.html.
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Natsional'no-kul'turnaya identichnost' v kontekste filosofskoy traditsii dialoga kul'tur // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-10.-C. 183-244. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_8848.html
Prokhorov M.M. Printsip edinstva bytiya i istorii v filosofskom mirovozzrenii // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-12.-C. 1-81. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_524.html
Koren' R.V. Filosofskie issledovaniya kontsepta "kul'tura" // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva.-2013.-3.-C. 1-17. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_824.html
Markov N.P. Pedagog drevnego klassicheskogo mira – filosof Sokrat. – Chernigov, 1884 god.
Sheler M. Izbrannye proizvedeniya: Perevod s nemetskogo Denezhkina A.F., Malinkina A.N., Fillipova A.F.; Pod red. Denezhkina A.V. – M.: Gnozis, 1994. – 490 s.
Markov N.P. Obzor filosofskikh ucheniy. – M., 1881.
Mashchenko S.T. N.Markov – filosof i pedagog. – Chernigov, 2009,-132 s.
Mashchenko S.T. Filosofskiy mir N.Markova. – Chernigov, 2006. – 68 s.
Grishin V.V.. Religioznaya filosofiya, russkaya literatura i ekzistentsializm v poiske smysla zhizni. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-№
-C. 1770-1775. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.12.7606. 12. V. V. Blokhin, I. I. Pimenova. Problema transformatsii obshchestvennogo soznaniya intelligentsii na rubezhe 1890-kh godov – nachala KhKh veka. // Kul'tura i iskusstvo.-2013.-№ 4.-C. 398-403. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1956.2013.4.9207.
R.N. Parkhomenko. Svoboda kak filosofiya bogochelovechestva (N. Berdyaev). // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2013.-№ 7.-C. 636-643. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.7.8106.

Аннотация: The subject studied is the development of Adam Smith’s ideology in the course of his studying science, education, law, philosophy, religion and other branches of knowledge from the Ancient Times to the Early Modern Period. When studying the Ancient Times, Adam Smith adopted the concept of natural equality of all people from sophists of the older generation. The same ideas became famous in France before the revolution of 1789 in the teachings of utopian communists. Adam Smith got an opportunity to get to know them during his trip to France in 1764 – 1767. Smith disproved of their criticism of the private property institution but adopted their concept of natural equality of all people and used it to criticize the vestiges of feudalism in England. The author of the present article has used the method of materialistic dialectics and empiric analytical methods combining deduction wit induction and using each approach according to the targets of the present research. The author has also analyzed the historical struggle between Adam Smith’s theory and different teachings of communism throughout the XVIIIth – XXth centuries and arrived to the conclusion that Adam Smith’s ideas definitely won that centuries-long struggle. In the end, the ideas of scientific communism turned out to be as utopian as all the previous teachings of communism. However, after many generations of struggle the teaching of communism has managed to change the world and destroy the colonial system of imperialism. The Great Patriotic War was won under the banner of communism and soon the nation will be celebrating the 70th anniversary of Victory Day in 2015. Te author’s research of Adam Smith’s ideas from the point of view of the historical struggle of the XVIIIth – XXth centuries is a one-of-a-kind research in the academic literature.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, science, antiphon, equality, utopianism, Stalin, economics, market, state institution, communism.

Контактная информация: Mikhailenko Yury Petrovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, Volkonka 14/1, bld. 5, room No. 432.

Библиография:
Istoriya filosofii. Tom II / Pod red. G.F. Aleksandrova i dr. M.: Institut filosofii AN SSSR, Gospolitizdat, 1941.
Lenin V.I. Sochineniya. Izd. 4-oe. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1954-1955.
Marks K. Kapital. Tom II. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
Marks K., Engel's F. Izbrannye proizvedeniya v 2-kh tt. M.: OGIZ, 1948.
Mikhalenko Yu.P. Adam Smit: stanovlenie uchenogo. Chast' 1 // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. № 7 (67). S. 1004-1019.
Mikhalenko Yu.P. Platon i sovremennaya antiteza liberalizma i totalitarizma. M.: Dialog – MGU, 1998.
Mikhalenko Yu.P. F. Bekon i ego uchenie. M.: Nauka, 1957.
Smit Adam. Issledovanie o prirode i prichinakh bogatstva narodov. V 2-kh tt. M., Leningrad: Sotsekgiz, 1935.
Sokolov B.V. Stalin. M.: AST-Press, 2004.
Stalin I.V. Voprosy leninizma. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1953.
Stalin I.V. O Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne Sovetskogo Soyuza. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1946.
Uin Frensis. Karl Marks. M.: AST, 2003.
Chanyshev A.N. Istoriya drevnego mira. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 2003

References (transliteration):
Istoriya filosofii. Tom II / Pod red. G.F. Aleksandrova i dr. M.: Institut filosofii AN SSSR, Gospolitizdat, 1941.
Lenin V.I. Sochineniya. Izd. 4-oe. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1954-1955.
Marks K. Kapital. Tom II. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
Marks K., Engel's F. Izbrannye proizvedeniya v 2-kh tt. M.: OGIZ, 1948.
Mikhalenko Yu.P. Adam Smit: stanovlenie uchenogo. Chast' 1 // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. № 7 (67). S. 1004-1019.
Mikhalenko Yu.P. Platon i sovremennaya antiteza liberalizma i totalitarizma. M.: Dialog – MGU, 1998.
Mikhalenko Yu.P. F. Bekon i ego uchenie. M.: Nauka, 1957.
Smit Adam. Issledovanie o prirode i prichinakh bogatstva narodov. V 2-kh tt. M., Leningrad: Sotsekgiz, 1935.
Sokolov B.V. Stalin. M.: AST-Press, 2004.
Stalin I.V. Voprosy leninizma. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1953.
Stalin I.V. O Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne Sovetskogo Soyuza. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1946.
Uin Frensis. Karl Marks. M.: AST, 2003.
Chanyshev A.N. Istoriya drevnego mira. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 2003

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the ideas of Marshall McLuhan and Ayn Rand. The author of the article studies their fundamental works and the influence they made on their contemporaries and succeeding generations of Americans. Both Marshall McLuhan and Ayn Rand were intellectual stars of their times who managed to attract not only the academic audience, researchers and analysts but also the general public. They had good contacts with mass media, managed information and were media personas in general. They managed to create the cult out of their names and teachings and attracted followers including American elite. Each of them had their own original views on the social progress and vision of the future. Gradually their ideas were spread beyond the USA and became popular all over the world. The author of the present article carried out a comparative analysis of works created by these North American philosophers with reference to the American philosophy. The style and content of their fundamental works, peculiarities of the target audience of both philosophers trends in philosophy created by both Marshal McLuhan and Ayn Rand were studied. This is the first article to compare the ideas and personalities of the two brightest American philosophers of the 20th century. Based on the results of the research, the author concludes that Marshall McLuhan’s technological determinism was continued in creative work of David Cronenberg and the Wachowski Brothers, works written by Manuel Castells and searches of modern leaders of IT-industry. Ayn Rand’s philosophy of objectivism can be found in political and economic theories of many American conservatives including the right wing of the Republican Party (the Tea Party movement). Both Marshal McLuhan’s and Ayn Rand’s ideas created the grounds for the Californian ideology and new philosophy of the American ‘geeks’ of Silicon Valley.

Ключевые слова: Marshall McLuhan, Ayn Rand, media theory, philosophy of objectivism, ‘Understanding Media’, Atlas Shrugged, rational egoism, technological determinism, American philosophy, the Californian ideology.

Контактная информация: Arkhangelskaya Irina Borisovna, 603006, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Gorgoko str. 154, ap. 36.

Библиография:
Gurevich P. S. Perevoploshchenie teksta v ideologiyu // Filosofiya i kul'tura. – 2013. – № 4. – S. 423 – 428.
Mak-Lyuen M. Galaktika Gutenberga: Sotvorenie cheloveka pechatnoy kul'tury. Kiev: Izdatel'stvo «Nika Tsentr»: El'ga, 2004.
Spirova E.M. Universal'nyy yazyk globalistiki // Vek globalizatsii, 2012. №1. – S. 34 – 45.
Shlyapintokh V. Ayn Rend: ee marksistskie i bol'shevistskie korni // Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2010, №104. – S. 179 – 190.
Altshull, J.H. From Milton to McLuhan: The Ideas behind American Journalism. – New York; London: Longman, 1990.
Barbrook R. Cameron A.. The Californian Ideology, Science as Culture. Vol.6, № 1, 1996. Pp. 44-72.
Duggan D.P. The Zuckerberg Galaxy: A Primer for Navigating the Media Maelstrom. Pennylesse Editions, 2011.
Chisla Ch. Barack Obama vs. Ayn Rand. The Last Battle for the Soul of America. Amazon Digital Services, Inc., Kindle Edition, 2013.
Ferling J. Jefferson and Hamilton: The Rivalry That Forged a Nation. NY: Bloomsbury Press, 2013.
Finkelstein, S.W. Sense and Nonsense of McLuhan.-New York: International Publishers, 1968.
Letters of Marshall McLuhan / Selected and ed. by M. Molinaro, C. McLuhan, W. Toye. – Toronto; Oxford; New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1987.
Machan, T. R. Ayn Rand versus Karl Marx // International Journal of Social Economics, 1994, Vol. 21, № 2 – 4. – Pp. 54-67.
McLuhan, M. The Medium is the Massage: An Inventory o Effects.– New York: Ginkgo Press, 2001.
McLuhan, M. Understanding Me. Lectures and Interviews. Ed. By S. McLuhan and D. Staines. – Toronto: M&S, 2003.
McLuhan M. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. Cambridge; London: MIT Press, 1994.
Madoff, S.H. Pop Art: A Critical History (The Documents of Twentieth-Century Art). – Berkley: Univ. of California Press, 1997.
Playboy Interview: Marshall McLuhan. Interviewer Eric Norden // Playboy. – 1969. – Vol. 16. – № 3. (March). – R. 53–74, 158.
Rand, A. Atlas Shrugged. – NY: PLume Printing, 1999.
Rand, A., Branden N. The Virtue of Selfishness. NY: Signet, 1964.
I AM JOHN GALT [electronic resource] // http://www.nhteapartycoalition.org/tea/2011/03/05/i-am-john-galt/ Retreived 08.08.2014.

References (transliteration):
Gurevich P. S. Perevoploshchenie teksta v ideologiyu // Filosofiya i kul'tura. – 2013. – № 4. – S. 423 – 428.
Mak-Lyuen M. Galaktika Gutenberga: Sotvorenie cheloveka pechatnoy kul'tury. Kiev: Izdatel'stvo «Nika Tsentr»: El'ga, 2004.
Spirova E.M. Universal'nyy yazyk globalistiki // Vek globalizatsii, 2012. №1. – S. 34 – 45.
Shlyapintokh V. Ayn Rend: ee marksistskie i bol'shevistskie korni // Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2010, №104. – S. 179 – 190.
Altshull, J.H. From Milton to McLuhan: The Ideas behind American Journalism. – New York; London: Longman, 1990.
Barbrook R. Cameron A.. The Californian Ideology, Science as Culture. Vol.6, № 1, 1996. Pp. 44-72.
Duggan D.P. The Zuckerberg Galaxy: A Primer for Navigating the Media Maelstrom. Pennylesse Editions, 2011.
Chisla Ch. Barack Obama vs. Ayn Rand. The Last Battle for the Soul of America. Amazon Digital Services, Inc., Kindle Edition, 2013.
Ferling J. Jefferson and Hamilton: The Rivalry That Forged a Nation. NY: Bloomsbury Press, 2013.
Finkelstein, S.W. Sense and Nonsense of McLuhan.-New York: International Publishers, 1968.
Letters of Marshall McLuhan / Selected and ed. by M. Molinaro, C. McLuhan, W. Toye. – Toronto; Oxford; New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1987.
Machan, T. R. Ayn Rand versus Karl Marx // International Journal of Social Economics, 1994, Vol. 21, № 2 – 4. – Pp. 54-67.
McLuhan, M. The Medium is the Massage: An Inventory o Effects.– New York: Ginkgo Press, 2001.
McLuhan, M. Understanding Me. Lectures and Interviews. Ed. By S. McLuhan and D. Staines. – Toronto: M&S, 2003.
McLuhan M. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. Cambridge; London: MIT Press, 1994.
Madoff, S.H. Pop Art: A Critical History (The Documents of Twentieth-Century Art). – Berkley: Univ. of California Press, 1997.
Playboy Interview: Marshall McLuhan. Interviewer Eric Norden // Playboy. – 1969. – Vol. 16. – № 3. (March). – R. 53–74, 158.
Rand, A. Atlas Shrugged. – NY: PLume Printing, 1999.
Rand, A., Branden N. The Virtue of Selfishness. NY: Signet, 1964.
I AM JOHN GALT [electronic resource] // http://www.nhteapartycoalition.org/tea/2011/03/05/i-am-john-galt/ Retreived 08.08.2014.

Аннотация: Appealing to René Descartes’ works, the author of the article considers the exposition of the body in the structure of being. Comparing concepts of ‘extension’ and ‘body’, the author sets a goal to analyze the spatial model of physicality in Cartesianism. Thus spatiality of a body is viewed here ontologically as the ‘extension of the physical being’. Cartesianism views the physical body as a part of the structure of being and for this reason the body ontology here is the ‘ontology in the true sense’ as Jean-Luc Nancy noted. Generally following the topological method of the description of physicality that dominated in Descartes’s texts, the author at the same time combines the topological method with the phenomenological analysis offered by Merlot Ponty. Indeed, Descartes analyzed the body exclusively spatially, but it would be incorrect to consider that the space determines the body. It is rather that Cartesianism views the body as the ‘alienation of space’. This is what Descartes used to develop the concept of the ‘body-machine’, i.e. the concrete body with particular functions. The author of article also comes to a conclusion that Descartes’s deductive method originates in anatomic practices. Anatomy studies the ‘body divided into parts’ rather than the body as a whole allowing a researcher to define the main elements of the general mechanism of the physical body.

Ключевые слова: René Descartes, Cartesianism, Jean-Luc Nancy, body, ontology, being, space, extension, body-machine, Maurice Merleau-Ponty.

Контактная информация: Gaynutdinov Timur Rashidovich, 150000, Russia, Yaroslavl, Sovetskaya str. 10.

Библиография:
Dekart R. Iz perepiski 1643-1649 gg. // Sochineniya v 2 t. T.
M.: Mysl', 1994. 2.Dekart R. Opisanie chelovecheskogo tela. Ob obrazovanii zhivotnogo. // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Dekart R. Pervonachala filosofii // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Dekart R. Razmyshleniya o pervoy filosofii, v koikh dokazyvaetsya sushchestvovanie Boga i razlichie mezhdu chelovecheskoy dushoy i telom // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1994.
Dekart R. Rassuzhdenie o metode, chtoby verno napravlyat' svoy razum i otyskivat' istinu v naukakh // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Dekart R. Strasti dushi // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Dekart R. Chelovek. M., 2012.
Zadger I. Erotika kozhnykh i slizistykh pokrovov i myshechnoy sistemy // Psikhologiya i psikhopatologiya kozhi: teksty. Izhevsk, M., 2011
Istoriya tela: v 3-kh t. T. I: ot Renessansa do epokhi Prosveshcheniya. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2012.
Merlo-Ponti M. Fenomenologiya vospriyatiya. SPb., 1999.
Nansi Zh.-L. Corpus. M., 1999.
Gaynutdinov T.R. Kartezianskaya kupyura: problema telesnosti v filosofii Dekarta // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2014. - 3. - C. 329 - 338. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2014.3.10903.
A.N. Fatenkov Ekzistentsial'nye formy tela // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 4. - C. 16 - 20.

References (transliteration):
Dekart R. Iz perepiski 1643-1649 gg. // Sochineniya v 2 t. T.
M.: Mysl', 1994. 2.Dekart R. Opisanie chelovecheskogo tela. Ob obrazovanii zhivotnogo. // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Dekart R. Pervonachala filosofii // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Dekart R. Razmyshleniya o pervoy filosofii, v koikh dokazyvaetsya sushchestvovanie Boga i razlichie mezhdu chelovecheskoy dushoy i telom // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1994.
Dekart R. Rassuzhdenie o metode, chtoby verno napravlyat' svoy razum i otyskivat' istinu v naukakh // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Dekart R. Strasti dushi // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Dekart R. Chelovek. M., 2012.
Zadger I. Erotika kozhnykh i slizistykh pokrovov i myshechnoy sistemy // Psikhologiya i psikhopatologiya kozhi: teksty. Izhevsk, M., 2011
Istoriya tela: v 3-kh t. T. I: ot Renessansa do epokhi Prosveshcheniya. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2012.
Merlo-Ponti M. Fenomenologiya vospriyatiya. SPb., 1999.
Nansi Zh.-L. Corpus. M., 1999.
Gaynutdinov T.R. Kartezianskaya kupyura: problema telesnosti v filosofii Dekarta // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2014. - 3. - C. 329 - 338. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2014.3.10903.
A.N. Fatenkov Ekzistentsial'nye formy tela // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 4. - C. 16 - 20.

Аннотация: The given article presents an attempt to describe Chizhevsky’s philosophical and anthropological views in terms of modern science. The importance of the research is caused by the fact that there were certain views and opinions of Chizhevsky that had a heuristic value for the science. Moreover, those views and opinions are proving to be true by the modern (scientific and other) theories and practices which allows us to see them in a different light today. Therefore, the present research is important for both science and philosophy. Chizhevsky’s metaphysical views on human are being analyzed taking into account the history of the development of the main grounds of the global evolutionism (the theory of the evolution of the Universe and synergetic studies). The following methods were used in the research: analysis of text- based sources (including materials from the funds of the 1703 Archive of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation), comparison, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, classification, generalization and historical method. The scientific novelty of the research is in the successive and systematic analysis of Chizhevsky’s philosophical and anthropological views in terms of the universal evolutionism, i.e. the most important paradigm of modern science allowing to create the general scientific picture of the world. The general conclusion made by the researcher is that Alexander Chizhevsky’s metaphysical views on human specify and develop modern concepts. The only exception is Chizhevsky’s deterministic approach to human and the antinomia of science and humanity reflected in Chizhevksy’s works.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, philosophical anthropology, cosmism, Chizhevsky, science, universal evolutionism, evolution of the Universe, synergetic studies, determinism, accident.

Контактная информация: Zvonova Ekaterina Evgenievna, 119991, Russia, Moscow, Lomonosovsky prospect, h. 27, corp. 4, room G-259.

Библиография:
Yung K. G. Sinkhronistichnost': akauzal'nyy ob'edinyayushchiy printsip. /V sb. K. G. Yung. Sinkhronistichnost'. — M.: «Refl-buk», K.: «Vakler», 1997
Chizhevskiy A. L. Kosmicheskiy pul's zhizni: Zemlya v ob'yatiyakh Solntsa. Geliotaraksiya / sost., vst. stat'ya, kommentarii, podbor ill. L. V. Golovanova. M.: Mysl',1995. 767 s.
Chizhevskiy A. L. Zemnoe ekho solnechnykh bur'. M. : Mysl', 1976. 367 s.
Chizhevskiy A. L. Zemlya i Kosmos. Zemnoe ekho kosmicheskikh bur' [Tekst] / A. L. Chizhevskiy. Moskva : Akad. Proekt : Al'ma Mater, 2013. 271s., il., portr., tabl. (Filosofskie tekhnologi).
Chizhevskiy A. L. Zemlya v ob'yatiyakh Solntsa. M. : Eksmo, 2004. 928 s.
Chizhevskiy Aleksandr Leonidovich (1897-1964). Biofizicheskie mekhanizmy reaktsii osedaniya eritrotsitov / A. L. Chizhevskiy; otv. red. V. P. Kaznacheev, V. Yu. Kulikov. Novosibirsk : Nauka : Sib. otd-nie, 1980. 177 s. Chizhevskiy A. L. V ritme Solntsa / A. L. Chizhevskiy, Yu. G. Shishina. M. : Nauka, 1969. 112 s.
Chizhevskiy A. L. Aeroiony i zhizn'. Besedy s Tsiolkovskim / sost., vstup. st., kommentarii, podbor ill. L. V. Golovanovoy. M.: Mysl', 1994. 735 s.
Chizhevskiy, A. L. Aeroionifikatsiya v narodnom khozyaystve / A. L. Chizhevskiy. 2-e izd., sokr. M. : Stroyizdat, 1989. 485s.

Filosofskaya antropologiya: uchebnoe posobie/ P. S. Gurevich. 2-e izd., ster. M. : Izdatel'stvo «Omega-L», 2010. 607s.
Fridman A. A. Mir kak prostranstvo i vremya. Moskva: Nauka, 1965. 112 s.
Khaken G. Sinergetika. M.: Mir, 1980. 406 s.
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Terekhov S. V. Evolyutsionnye idei v estestvennonauchnom napravlenii russkogo kosmizma (K. E. Tsiolkovskiy, A. L. Chizhevskiy, V. I. Vernadskiy) Orel: GOU VPO «OGU», 2011. 152 s.
Stepin V. S., Kuznetsova L. F. Nauchnaya kartina mira v kul'ture tekhnogennoy tsivilizatsii. URL : http://philosophy.ru/iphras/library/step1.html (data obrashcheniya: 31.05.2014).
Russkiy kosmizm: Antologiya filosofskoy mysli / sost. S. G. Semenova, A. G. Gacheva. Vstup. st.: S. G. Gacheva; predisl.: S. G. Semenova; primech.: A. G. Gacheva. M.: Pedagogika: Press, 1993. 232 s.
Prigozhin I., Stengers I. Poryadok iz khaosa: Novyy dialog cheloveka s prirodoy: per. s angl./ pod red. V. I. Arshinova, Yu. L. Klimontovicha, Yu. V. Sachkova. M.: Progress, 1986. 471 s.
Moiseev N. N.Koevolyutsiya prirody i obshchestva. Puti noosferogeneza. Zhurnal «Ekologiya i zhizn'» 1997. № 2-3.S. 4-7.
Moiseev N. N. Universal'nyy evolyutsionizm (Pozitsiya i sledstviya). «Voprosy filosofii», 1991. № 3. S.3-28.
Pavlenko A. N. Evropeyskaya kosmologiya: Osnovaniya epistemologicheskogo povorota. M.: Izd-vo «Intrada», 1997. 256 s.
Linde A. D. Inflyatsiya, kvantovaya kosmologiya i antropnyy printsip. URL : http://www.astronet.ru:8100/db/msg/1181084/index.html (data obrashcheniya: 31.05.2014).
Mamardashvili M. K. Vvedenie v filosofiyu. URL : http://philosophy.ru/library/mmk/vved.html (data obrashcheniya: 31.05.2014).
Kononovich E. V., Moroz V. I. Obshchiy kurs astronomii: uchebnoe posobie / pod red. V. V. Ivanova. Izd. 2-e, ispr. M.: Editorial URSS, 2004. 544 s.
Knyazeva E. N., Kurdyumov S. P. Osnovaniya sinergetiki: Rezhimy s obostreniem, samoorganizatsiya, tempomiry. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2002. 414 s.
Knyazeva E. N. Samoreflektivnaya sinergetika // Voprosy filosofii. 2001. № 10. S.99-113.
Knyazeva E. N., Kurdyumov S. P. Sinergetika kak novoe mirovidenie: dialog s I. Prigozhinym. URL : http://scahi.org/download/prigozchin_sinergetika.doc (data obrashcheniya: 31.05.2014).
Kazyutinskiy V. V., Balashov Yu. V. Antropnyy printsip. Istoriya i sovremennost' // Priroda, 1989. № 1.S. 23-32.
Zakharov M. L. Filosofskie idei A. L. Chizhevskogo: dis. ... kand-ta filosofskikh nauk. Murmansk, 2006. 145 c.
Zakharov M. L. Antropologicheskie i antropokosmicheskie vozzreniya A. L. Chizhevskogo. URL: http://vestnik.mstu.edu.ru/v11_4_n33/articles/23_zakhar.pdf/ (data obrashcheniya: 06.02.2014).
Eremeeva A. I. Astronomicheskaya kartina mira i ee tvortsy. M. Nauka, 1984. 224 s.
Ermolaeva V. E., Ermolaev I. A. Filosofiya velikoy lichnosti. M.: Sever, 2007. 184 s.
Grof S. Za predelami mozga AST, 2005.
Gurevich P. S. Filosofskaya antropologiya: uchebnoe posobie/ P.S. Gurevich. 2-e izd., ster. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Omega-L», 2010. 607 s.
Gut A. G., Steynkhardt P. Dzh. Razduvayushchayasya Vselennaya // V mire nauki. 1984. №7. C.59.
Gagaev A. A., Skipetrov V. P. Filosofiya A. L. Chizhevskogo. Saransk, 1999. 285 s.
Girenok F. I. Russkie kosmisty. Iz tsikla «Stranitsy istorii otech. filos. mysli». M.: Znanie, 1990. 62 s.
Golovanov L. V. Chizhevskiy A. L. // BSE. 3-e izd., M.: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1978. T. 29. S. 550-551.
Vernadskiy V. I. Neskol'ko slov o noosfere URL : http://lib.powernet.com.ru/FILOSOF/WERNADSKIJ/noos.html (data obrashcheniya: 31.05.2014).
Budanov V. G. Sinergeticheskoe modelirovanie slozhnykh sistem. // Filosofskie nauki, 2007. №4. S. 114-131.
Budanov V. G. Metodologiya sinergetiki v postneklassicheskoy nauke i v obrazovanii. M.: Izdatel'stvo LKI, 2008. 232 s.
Arshinov V. I. Sinergetika kak fenomen postneklassicheskoy nauki. M., 1999. 203 s.
Bekhterev V. M. Gipnoz, vnushenie, telepatiya pereizdano M.: Mysl', 1994. 364 s.

References (transliteration):
Yung K. G. Sinkhronistichnost': akauzal'nyy ob'edinyayushchiy printsip. /V sb. K. G. Yung. Sinkhronistichnost'. — M.: «Refl-buk», K.: «Vakler», 1997
Chizhevskiy A. L. Kosmicheskiy pul's zhizni: Zemlya v ob'yatiyakh Solntsa. Geliotaraksiya / sost., vst. stat'ya, kommentarii, podbor ill. L. V. Golovanova. M.: Mysl',1995. 767 s.
Chizhevskiy A. L. Zemnoe ekho solnechnykh bur'. M. : Mysl', 1976. 367 s.
Chizhevskiy A. L. Zemlya i Kosmos. Zemnoe ekho kosmicheskikh bur' [Tekst] / A. L. Chizhevskiy. Moskva : Akad. Proekt : Al'ma Mater, 2013. 271s., il., portr., tabl. (Filosofskie tekhnologi).
Chizhevskiy A. L. Zemlya v ob'yatiyakh Solntsa. M. : Eksmo, 2004. 928 s.
Chizhevskiy Aleksandr Leonidovich (1897-1964). Biofizicheskie mekhanizmy reaktsii osedaniya eritrotsitov / A. L. Chizhevskiy; otv. red. V. P. Kaznacheev, V. Yu. Kulikov. Novosibirsk : Nauka : Sib. otd-nie, 1980. 177 s. Chizhevskiy A. L. V ritme Solntsa / A. L. Chizhevskiy, Yu. G. Shishina. M. : Nauka, 1969. 112 s.
Chizhevskiy A. L. Aeroiony i zhizn'. Besedy s Tsiolkovskim / sost., vstup. st., kommentarii, podbor ill. L. V. Golovanovoy. M.: Mysl', 1994. 735 s.
Chizhevskiy, A. L. Aeroionifikatsiya v narodnom khozyaystve / A. L. Chizhevskiy. 2-e izd., sokr. M. : Stroyizdat, 1989. 485s.

Filosofskaya antropologiya: uchebnoe posobie/ P. S. Gurevich. 2-e izd., ster. M. : Izdatel'stvo «Omega-L», 2010. 607s.
Fridman A. A. Mir kak prostranstvo i vremya. Moskva: Nauka, 1965. 112 s.
Khaken G. Sinergetika. M.: Mir, 1980. 406 s.
Filosofiya nauki. Obshchie problemy : uchebnik dlya aspirantov i soiskateley uchenoy stepeni kandidata nauk / V. S. Stepin. M.: Gardariki, 2006. 384 s.
Terekhov S. V. Evolyutsionnye idei v estestvennonauchnom napravlenii russkogo kosmizma (K. E. Tsiolkovskiy, A. L. Chizhevskiy, V. I. Vernadskiy) Orel: GOU VPO «OGU», 2011. 152 s.
Stepin V. S., Kuznetsova L. F. Nauchnaya kartina mira v kul'ture tekhnogennoy tsivilizatsii. URL : http://philosophy.ru/iphras/library/step1.html (data obrashcheniya: 31.05.2014).
Russkiy kosmizm: Antologiya filosofskoy mysli / sost. S. G. Semenova, A. G. Gacheva. Vstup. st.: S. G. Gacheva; predisl.: S. G. Semenova; primech.: A. G. Gacheva. M.: Pedagogika: Press, 1993. 232 s.
Prigozhin I., Stengers I. Poryadok iz khaosa: Novyy dialog cheloveka s prirodoy: per. s angl./ pod red. V. I. Arshinova, Yu. L. Klimontovicha, Yu. V. Sachkova. M.: Progress, 1986. 471 s.
Moiseev N. N.Koevolyutsiya prirody i obshchestva. Puti noosferogeneza. Zhurnal «Ekologiya i zhizn'» 1997. № 2-3.S. 4-7.
Moiseev N. N. Universal'nyy evolyutsionizm (Pozitsiya i sledstviya). «Voprosy filosofii», 1991. № 3. S.3-28.
Pavlenko A. N. Evropeyskaya kosmologiya: Osnovaniya epistemologicheskogo povorota. M.: Izd-vo «Intrada», 1997. 256 s.
Linde A. D. Inflyatsiya, kvantovaya kosmologiya i antropnyy printsip. URL : http://www.astronet.ru:8100/db/msg/1181084/index.html (data obrashcheniya: 31.05.2014).
Mamardashvili M. K. Vvedenie v filosofiyu. URL : http://philosophy.ru/library/mmk/vved.html (data obrashcheniya: 31.05.2014).
Kononovich E. V., Moroz V. I. Obshchiy kurs astronomii: uchebnoe posobie / pod red. V. V. Ivanova. Izd. 2-e, ispr. M.: Editorial URSS, 2004. 544 s.
Knyazeva E. N., Kurdyumov S. P. Osnovaniya sinergetiki: Rezhimy s obostreniem, samoorganizatsiya, tempomiry. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2002. 414 s.
Knyazeva E. N. Samoreflektivnaya sinergetika // Voprosy filosofii. 2001. № 10. S.99-113.
Knyazeva E. N., Kurdyumov S. P. Sinergetika kak novoe mirovidenie: dialog s I. Prigozhinym. URL : http://scahi.org/download/prigozchin_sinergetika.doc (data obrashcheniya: 31.05.2014).
Kazyutinskiy V. V., Balashov Yu. V. Antropnyy printsip. Istoriya i sovremennost' // Priroda, 1989. № 1.S. 23-32.
Zakharov M. L. Filosofskie idei A. L. Chizhevskogo: dis. ... kand-ta filosofskikh nauk. Murmansk, 2006. 145 c.
Zakharov M. L. Antropologicheskie i antropokosmicheskie vozzreniya A. L. Chizhevskogo. URL: http://vestnik.mstu.edu.ru/v11_4_n33/articles/23_zakhar.pdf/ (data obrashcheniya: 06.02.2014).
Eremeeva A. I. Astronomicheskaya kartina mira i ee tvortsy. M. Nauka, 1984. 224 s.
Ermolaeva V. E., Ermolaev I. A. Filosofiya velikoy lichnosti. M.: Sever, 2007. 184 s.
Grof S. Za predelami mozga AST, 2005.
Gurevich P. S. Filosofskaya antropologiya: uchebnoe posobie/ P.S. Gurevich. 2-e izd., ster. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Omega-L», 2010. 607 s.
Gut A. G., Steynkhardt P. Dzh. Razduvayushchayasya Vselennaya // V mire nauki. 1984. №7. C.59.
Gagaev A. A., Skipetrov V. P. Filosofiya A. L. Chizhevskogo. Saransk, 1999. 285 s.
Girenok F. I. Russkie kosmisty. Iz tsikla «Stranitsy istorii otech. filos. mysli». M.: Znanie, 1990. 62 s.
Golovanov L. V. Chizhevskiy A. L. // BSE. 3-e izd., M.: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1978. T. 29. S. 550-551.
Vernadskiy V. I. Neskol'ko slov o noosfere URL : http://lib.powernet.com.ru/FILOSOF/WERNADSKIJ/noos.html (data obrashcheniya: 31.05.2014).
Budanov V. G. Sinergeticheskoe modelirovanie slozhnykh sistem. // Filosofskie nauki, 2007. №4. S. 114-131.
Budanov V. G. Metodologiya sinergetiki v postneklassicheskoy nauke i v obrazovanii. M.: Izdatel'stvo LKI, 2008. 232 s.
Arshinov V. I. Sinergetika kak fenomen postneklassicheskoy nauki. M., 1999. 203 s.
Bekhterev V. M. Gipnoz, vnushenie, telepatiya pereizdano M.: Mysl', 1994. 364 s.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the life and creative work of a little-known Russian Nietzschean philosopher of the Silver Age Fedyor Kuklyarsky(1888 — 1923).Kuklyarsky studied the problems of the history of philosophy and culture and was rather pessimistic about the future development of the world culture. In his cultural research Kuklyarsky developed the concept of the cultural crisis. Kuklyarsky also agreed with Leontiev regarding the coming death of Europe under the burden of cultural goods and creation of the distinctive character of the Russian type of culture. He was the author of the following published works: Philosophy of Individualism (published in St. Petersburg in 1910), The Last Word. On the Philosophy of Modern Religious Rebellion (published in St. Petersburg in 1911), Condemned World. Philosophy of the Human-Fighting Nature (published in St. Petersburg in 1912), Philosophy of Culture. Ideals of Human Culture in Terms of the Tragic World Perception’ (published in Petrograd in 1917), Criticism of Creative Cognition (Substantiation of Antinomianism) (published in Chita in 1923). For the first time in historiography of Russian philosophy the author of the article provides verified and updated biographical information about Fedyor Kuklyarsky whose tragic fate made us forget even his name for many long decades.

Ключевые слова: Kuklyarsky, Russian philosophy, philosophy of culture, cultural crisis, Rozanov, Leontiev, Nietzsche, Nietzscheanism, philosophy of individualism, ideology.

Контактная информация: Nilogov Aleksey Sergeevich, 655017, Russia, Republic of Khakassia, Abakan, ul. Schetinkina 27, aud. 202.

Библиография:
http://encycl.chita.ru/encycl/person/?id=3519
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Rozanov V.V. Zakrzhevskiy o Konstantine Leont'eve // Novoe Vremya. – 1912. – № 13080.
Kurbatova T.V. Universal'nyy antinomizm tvorchestva i sozertsaniya v filosofii kul'tury Fedora Kuklyarskogo // Russkaya filosofiya: Preemstvennost' i rol' v sovremennom mire. Ch. 1. – SPb., 1992. – S. 79–81.
Bammel' G.K. Retsenziya na knigu «Kritika tvorcheskogo soznaniya (Obosnovanie antinomizma)» F.F. Kuklyarskogo // Pod znamenem marksizma. – 1923. – № 1. – S. 207–210.
http://www.aristocratia.org/news/27/conference_svetovidov.htm
Kagan M.S. Grad Petrov v istorii russkoy kul'tury. – 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. – SPb., 2006.
Solov'eva M.F. Modernizatsiya sistemy obrazovaniya i formirovanie kul'tury chteniya. – S. 72–77 // Desyatye Petryaevskie chteniya. Materialy Vseros. nauch. konf. (Kirov, 25–26 fevr. 2010 g.) / Departament kul'tury Kirov. obl., KOUNB im. A.I. Gertsena; red. kol.: S.N. Budashkina [i dr.]. – Kirov, 2010.
Frank S.L. Filosofiya i zhizn'. Etyudy i nabroski po filosofii kul'tury. – SPb., 1910.
Solov'eva G.V. Fedor Kuklyarskiy i ego filosofiya kul'tury // Russkaya filosofiya. Novye issledovaniya i materialy. (Problemy metodologii i metodiki) / Pod redaktsiey prof. A.F. Zamaleeva. – SPb., 2001.
Kuklyarskiy F.F. Filosofiya individualizma. – SPb., 1910.
Rozanov V.V. Uedinennoe / Sost., vstup. stat'ya, komment., bibliogr. A.N. Nikolyukina. – M., 1990.
Kuklyarskiy F.F. Poslednee slovo. K filosofii sovremennogo religioznogo buntarstva. – SPb., 1911.
Groys B.E. Pod podozreniem. Fenomenologiya media / Per. s nem. A. Fomenko. – M., 2006

References (transliteration):
http://encycl.chita.ru/encycl/person/?id=3519
Solov'eva G.V. Problemy kul'tury v russkoy filosofii epokhi modernizma : dissertatsiya ... kandidata filosofskikh nauk : 09.00.13. – SPb., 1997.
Tolstikova I.I. Kontseptsii krizisa kul'tury v russkoy filosofii nachala KhKh veka : dissertatsiya ... kandidata filosofskikh nauk : 09.00.03. – SPb., 1997.
NIOR RGB, f. 249, ed. khr. 3876, № 9.
Petryaev E.D. Filosofskaya tetrad' bibliofila. Mashinopis'. – Vyatka, 1993.
Uvarov M.S. Arkhitektonika ispovedal'nogo slova. – SPb., 1998.
http://www.rchgi.spb.ru/science/sience_research/seminar_russian_philosophy/stenogramms/sotonin.php
Rozanov V. V. Sochineniya: V 2 t. T. 2: Uedinennoe / Primech. E.V. Barabanova. – M., 1990.
Rozanov V. V. K izdaniyu sobraniya sochineniy K. Leont'eva // Novoe vremya. 1912. 16 iyunya. № 13024.
NIOR RGB, f. 249, ed. khr. 3876, № 19.
Leont'ev K.N.: pro et contra. V 2-kh kn. Kn. 1 / Vstup. st. A.A. Korol'kova, sost., poslesl. i primech. A.P. Kozyreva. – SPb., 1995.
Kuklyarskiy F.F. Filosofiya kul'tury. Idealy chelovecheskoy kul'tury v svete tragicheskogo miroponimaniya. Kniga 1: Kul'tura i poznanie. – Petrograd, 1917.
Kuklyarskiy F.F. K. Leont'ev o «srednem evropeytse» // Novoe vremya. – 1912. – 6 oktyabrya. – № 13136.
Kuklyarskiy F.F. Pamyati K.N. Leont'eva: Literaturnyy sbornik. – SPb., 1911 // Logos. – 1912–1913. – Kn. 1–2.
Kuklyarskiy F.F. Kritika tvorcheskogo soznaniya. Obosnovanie antinomizma // Trudy Filosofskogo obshchestva pri Gos. institute narodnogo obrazovaniya. T. I. – Chita, 1923.
Rozanov V.V. Zakrzhevskiy o Konstantine Leont'eve // Novoe Vremya. – 1912. – № 13080.
Kurbatova T.V. Universal'nyy antinomizm tvorchestva i sozertsaniya v filosofii kul'tury Fedora Kuklyarskogo // Russkaya filosofiya: Preemstvennost' i rol' v sovremennom mire. Ch. 1. – SPb., 1992. – S. 79–81.
Bammel' G.K. Retsenziya na knigu «Kritika tvorcheskogo soznaniya (Obosnovanie antinomizma)» F.F. Kuklyarskogo // Pod znamenem marksizma. – 1923. – № 1. – S. 207–210.
http://www.aristocratia.org/news/27/conference_svetovidov.htm
Kagan M.S. Grad Petrov v istorii russkoy kul'tury. – 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. – SPb., 2006.
Solov'eva M.F. Modernizatsiya sistemy obrazovaniya i formirovanie kul'tury chteniya. – S. 72–77 // Desyatye Petryaevskie chteniya. Materialy Vseros. nauch. konf. (Kirov, 25–26 fevr. 2010 g.) / Departament kul'tury Kirov. obl., KOUNB im. A.I. Gertsena; red. kol.: S.N. Budashkina [i dr.]. – Kirov, 2010.
Frank S.L. Filosofiya i zhizn'. Etyudy i nabroski po filosofii kul'tury. – SPb., 1910.
Solov'eva G.V. Fedor Kuklyarskiy i ego filosofiya kul'tury // Russkaya filosofiya. Novye issledovaniya i materialy. (Problemy metodologii i metodiki) / Pod redaktsiey prof. A.F. Zamaleeva. – SPb., 2001.
Kuklyarskiy F.F. Filosofiya individualizma. – SPb., 1910.
Rozanov V.V. Uedinennoe / Sost., vstup. stat'ya, komment., bibliogr. A.N. Nikolyukina. – M., 1990.
Kuklyarskiy F.F. Poslednee slovo. K filosofii sovremennogo religioznogo buntarstva. – SPb., 1911.
Groys B.E. Pod podozreniem. Fenomenologiya media / Per. s nem. A. Fomenko. – M., 2006

Аннотация: The author of the present research article analyzes Nikolay Karamzin’s attitude to philosophy. In the academic community and for general readers Nikolay Karamzin is well known as a historian, a writer and a journalist. He is not so well known as a philosopher. Meanwhile, Karamzin had a very serious education in philosophy. He dealt with philosophy in Schaden’s boarding school and Friendly Academic Community and also studied it himself. He traveled around Europe and met many famous philosophers while traveling. He used his knowledge in philosophy to develop his own world view, to describe principles of cogitation and to study the historical process. Describing Karamzin’s philosophy, the author of the present article draws our attention to the historical environment at the turn of the XIXth and the XXth centuries in Russia and in the West as well as the influence of the Enlightenment and Enlightened Absolutism on the philosophical community of that time. Philosophy is an essential element of Karamzin’s creative work. It is impossible to understand his contribution without taking into account his philosophical views. Russian philosophy has certain peculiarities. One of these peculiarities is its openness and interaction with other spheres such as literature, literary criticism, natural sciences and history. According to the author, Karamzin should be necessarily viewed as a philosophizing historian.

Ключевые слова: Karamzin, Enlightenment, philosophy, world view, principles of cognition, social issues, revolution, sovereignty, Western Europe, Russia.

Контактная информация: Sukhov Andrey Dmitrievich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn. 512.

Библиография:
Smirnov A.F. Nikolay Mikhaylovich Karamzin. M., 2005.
Skrynnikov R. Boris Godunov. M., 2002.
Pis'ma N.M. Karamzina k knyazyu P.A. Vyazemskomu. 1810-1826. (Iz Ostaf'evskogo arkhiva). SPb., 1897.
Murav'ev V. Nikolay Karamzin. M., 2005.
Osetrov E.I. Tri zhizni Karamzina. M., 1985.
Karamzinskiy sbornik. Vyp. 1. Ostaf'evo, 2011.
Karamzin: pro et contra. Lichnost' i tvorchestvo N.M. Karamzina v otsenke russkikh pisateley, kritikov, issledovateley. Antologiya. SPb., 2006.
Karamzin N.M. Poln. sobr. soch.: V 18-i t. M., 1998-2009.
Bobrovnitskaya I.A. Regalii rossiyskikh gosudarey. M., 2004.
Zhilina N.V. Shapka Monomakha. Istoriko-kul'turnoe i tekhnologicheskoe issledovanie. M., 2001.
Sukhov A.D. Prosveshchenie i prosveshchennyy absolyutizm v Rossii (ikh kharakter i vzaimodeystvie) // Obshchestvennaya mysl': issledovaniya i publikatsii. Vyp. I. M., 1989. S. 43-60

References (transliteration):
Smirnov A.F. Nikolay Mikhaylovich Karamzin. M., 2005.
Skrynnikov R. Boris Godunov. M., 2002.
Pis'ma N.M. Karamzina k knyazyu P.A. Vyazemskomu. 1810-1826. (Iz Ostaf'evskogo arkhiva). SPb., 1897.
Murav'ev V. Nikolay Karamzin. M., 2005.
Osetrov E.I. Tri zhizni Karamzina. M., 1985.
Karamzinskiy sbornik. Vyp. 1. Ostaf'evo, 2011.
Karamzin: pro et contra. Lichnost' i tvorchestvo N.M. Karamzina v otsenke russkikh pisateley, kritikov, issledovateley. Antologiya. SPb., 2006.
Karamzin N.M. Poln. sobr. soch.: V 18-i t. M., 1998-2009.
Bobrovnitskaya I.A. Regalii rossiyskikh gosudarey. M., 2004.
Zhilina N.V. Shapka Monomakha. Istoriko-kul'turnoe i tekhnologicheskoe issledovanie. M., 2001.
Sukhov A.D. Prosveshchenie i prosveshchennyy absolyutizm v Rossii (ikh kharakter i vzaimodeystvie) // Obshchestvennaya mysl': issledovaniya i publikatsii. Vyp. I. M., 1989. S. 43-60

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the problem of the physical in Rene Descartes’ philosophy and successively views the process of formation of the cartographic description of the physical. The cartographic description of the physical was first used by Descartes in the XXth century and then developed by Gilles Deleuze and Jean-Luc Nancy as well as a number of other philosophers. The purpose of the present research article is to define the focal points of the body functioning in Cartesianism, some schemes of the body field and its literal machinery (Descartes’ ‘body-machine’). However, the author of the present article deviates from the dualistic interpretation of the physical in Cartesian philosophy. The author appeals to the metaphoric structure of Descartes’ texts and focuses on the analysis of particular figures of speech and style used by Descartes. The author views the relation between the internal and the external in a different light and shows that Descartes never limited the internal only to the inside of the body. Moreover, the author of the article shows that in Cartesianism the body functions mostly as the object of loss and this causes radicalization of the body: there is no object more significant than the one that has been lost. ‘Cartesian’ body is always functioning and organically redundant yet this redundancy reflects the radical emptiness of the body. This physical discourse where discussions about the body inevitably touch upon the ‘foreignness’ of the body is called ‘Cartesian note’ by the author.

Ключевые слова: Rene Descartes, cartesianism, body, the physical, metaphor, anatomy, Cartesian note, physical cartography, dualism, Jean-Luc Nancy.

Контактная информация: Gaynutdinov Timur Rashidovich, 150000, Russia, Yaroslavl, ul. Sovetskaya 10.

Библиография:
M.V. Mazarskiy. Ot Dekarta k Levinasu: fenomenologiya i naturfilosofiya. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2009.-№ 7.
O.A. Koval'. Sogito Dekarta i transtsendental'naya sub'ektivnost' Gusserlya. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2012.-№ 12.-C. 94-103.
N.N. Rostova. «Chelovek-khameleon» i «chelovek-sgushchenie» Zhilya Deleza. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2009.-№ 11.
Shekspir U. Gamlet. M., 2000.
V.V. Mal'tseva Filosofiya telesnosti v svete kontseptsii kul'tury vremeni // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2012.-11.-C. 39-43.
L. Bertalanfi Novyy podkhod k probleme dush i i tela Perevod E.G. Rudnevoy // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2012.-10.-C. 77-89.
V.O. Bogdanova Epistemologiya telesnosti: ot modeli «telo-protez» k modeli «telo-soznanie». // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2011.-2.-C. 9-19.
Yampol'skiy M. Zhest palacha, oratora, aktera // Ad Marginem’93 Ezhegodnik Laboratorii postklassicheskikh issledovaniy Instituta filosofii Rossiyskoy Akademii nauk. M., 1994.
Podoroga V. Fenomenologiya tela. M., 1994.
Derrida Zh. Polya filosofii. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2012.
Nansi Zh.-L. Corpus. M., 1999.
Nansi Zh.-L. Telo: vovne idi vnutri. Pyat'desyat vosem' pokazaniy o tele // Siniy divan. Vyp. 9. M., 2006.
Dekart R. Rassuzhdenie o metode, chtoby verno napravlyat' svoy razum i otyskivat' istinu v naukakh // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Derrida Zh. Disseminatsiya. Ekaterinburg, 2007.
Derrida Zh. Pis'mo i razlichie. M., 2000.
Delez Zh. Frensis Bekon: Logika oshchushcheniy. SPb., 2011.
Dekart R. Razyskanie istiny posredstvom estestvennogo sveta // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Dekart R. Razmyshleniya o pervoy filosofii, v koikh dokazyvaetsya sushchestvovanie Boga i razlichie mezhdu chelovecheskoy dushoy i telom // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1994.
Dekart R. Pervonachala filosofii // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Gak V. G. Novyy frantsuzsko-russkiy slovar'. M, 2008.
Gegel' G. V. F. Fenomenologiya dukha // Sochineniya. T. 4. M.-L.: Gos. izd-vo; Akademiya nauk SSSR; Institut filosofii, 1959.
Gogol' N. V. Nos // Sobranie khudozhestvennykh proizvedeniy v pyati tomakh. M., 1952. T. 3.
Brodskiy I. A. Laguna // Sochineniya Iosifa Brodskogo. Tom III. SPb., 1997.
Bozhovich M. K voprosu «o dal'neyshem ispol'zovanii mertvykh zhivymi»: Khichkok i Bentam // To, chto vy vsegda khoteli znat' o Lakane (no boyalis' sprosit' u Khichkoka). M., 2004.
Arto A. Teatr i ego dvoynik. M., 1993.
Bashlyar G. Izbrannoe: Poetika i Prostranstvo. M., 2004.

References (transliteration):
M.V. Mazarskiy. Ot Dekarta k Levinasu: fenomenologiya i naturfilosofiya. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2009.-№ 7.
O.A. Koval'. Sogito Dekarta i transtsendental'naya sub'ektivnost' Gusserlya. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2012.-№ 12.-C. 94-103.
N.N. Rostova. «Chelovek-khameleon» i «chelovek-sgushchenie» Zhilya Deleza. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2009.-№ 11.
Shekspir U. Gamlet. M., 2000.
V.V. Mal'tseva Filosofiya telesnosti v svete kontseptsii kul'tury vremeni // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2012.-11.-C. 39-43.
L. Bertalanfi Novyy podkhod k probleme dush i i tela Perevod E.G. Rudnevoy // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2012.-10.-C. 77-89.
V.O. Bogdanova Epistemologiya telesnosti: ot modeli «telo-protez» k modeli «telo-soznanie». // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2011.-2.-C. 9-19.
Yampol'skiy M. Zhest palacha, oratora, aktera // Ad Marginem’93 Ezhegodnik Laboratorii postklassicheskikh issledovaniy Instituta filosofii Rossiyskoy Akademii nauk. M., 1994.
Podoroga V. Fenomenologiya tela. M., 1994.
Derrida Zh. Polya filosofii. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2012.
Nansi Zh.-L. Corpus. M., 1999.
Nansi Zh.-L. Telo: vovne idi vnutri. Pyat'desyat vosem' pokazaniy o tele // Siniy divan. Vyp. 9. M., 2006.
Dekart R. Rassuzhdenie o metode, chtoby verno napravlyat' svoy razum i otyskivat' istinu v naukakh // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Derrida Zh. Disseminatsiya. Ekaterinburg, 2007.
Derrida Zh. Pis'mo i razlichie. M., 2000.
Delez Zh. Frensis Bekon: Logika oshchushcheniy. SPb., 2011.
Dekart R. Razyskanie istiny posredstvom estestvennogo sveta // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Dekart R. Razmyshleniya o pervoy filosofii, v koikh dokazyvaetsya sushchestvovanie Boga i razlichie mezhdu chelovecheskoy dushoy i telom // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1994.
Dekart R. Pervonachala filosofii // Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Gak V. G. Novyy frantsuzsko-russkiy slovar'. M, 2008.
Gegel' G. V. F. Fenomenologiya dukha // Sochineniya. T. 4. M.-L.: Gos. izd-vo; Akademiya nauk SSSR; Institut filosofii, 1959.
Gogol' N. V. Nos // Sobranie khudozhestvennykh proizvedeniy v pyati tomakh. M., 1952. T. 3.
Brodskiy I. A. Laguna // Sochineniya Iosifa Brodskogo. Tom III. SPb., 1997.
Bozhovich M. K voprosu «o dal'neyshem ispol'zovanii mertvykh zhivymi»: Khichkok i Bentam // To, chto vy vsegda khoteli znat' o Lakane (no boyalis' sprosit' u Khichkoka). M., 2004.
Arto A. Teatr i ego dvoynik. M., 1993.
Bashlyar G. Izbrannoe: Poetika i Prostranstvo. M., 2004.

Аннотация: The author of the article presents and describes the rule of the first successful decision. The author establishes that in the course of their development all cultures develop certain practices and patterns that can be explained only by that rule. According to the rule, a society fixates courses of actions that were the first ones to be performed but not the most efficient ones. If the action is successful enough, it is not changed but included in the system of more or less efficient patterns of social interaction.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, culture, law, success, efficiency, limitation, internal logic, society, human, history.

Контактная информация: Borzykh Stanislav Vladimirovich, 634003, Russia, Tomsk, pl. Solyanaya 2.

Библиография:
Gegel' G.V.F. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk. T. 3. M. 1977.
Gegel' G.V.F. Fenomenologiya dukha. SPb., 2006.
Kozhev A. Gegel', Marks i khristianstvo // Voprosy filosofii. 2010. № 10. S. 128–143.
Riker P. Put' priznaniya. M., 2010.
Rokmor T. Gegel' i granitsy analiticheskogo gegel'yanstva // Voprosy filosofii. 2002. № 7. S. 80–90.
Brandom R. Making It Explicit. Cambridge, 1994.
Brandom R. Some Pragmatist Themes in Hegel’s Idealism // European Journal of Philosophy. 1999. Vol. 7. № 2. P. 164–189.
Brandom R. Articulating Reasons: An Introduction to Inferentialism. Cambridge, 2000.
Brandom R. Tales of the Mighty Dead: Historical Essays in the Metaphysics of Intentionality. Cambridge, 2002.
Brandom R. Kantian Lessons About Mind, Meaning, and Rationality // Philosophical Topics. 2006. Vol. 34. № 1-2. P. 1–20.
Brandom R. Inferentialism and Some of its Challenges // Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 2007. Vol 74. № 3. P. 651–676.
Brandom R. Georg Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit” // Topoi. 2008. Vol. 27. № 1-2. P. 161–164.
Brandom R. Reason in Philosophy. Cambridge, 2009.
Brandom R. Why Philosophy Paints its Blue on Grey: Irony and the Pragmatist Enlightenment // Pragmatism, Nation, and Race / Ed. by Ch.Katzer, E.Medieta. Bloomington, 2009. P. 19–45.
Brandom R. Classical German Philosophy, American Pragmatism and Inferentialist Semantics // Philosophical Analysis. 2010. Vol. 1. № 1. P. 170–177.
Brandom R. Perspectives on Pragmatism: Classical, Recent, and Contemporary. Cambridge, 2011.
De Laurentiis A. Not Hegel’s Tales // Philosophy and Social Criticism. 2007. Vol. 33. № 1. P. 83–98.
Houlgate S. Phenomenology and De Re Interpretation: A Critique of Brandom’s Reading of Hegel // International Journal of Philosophical Studies. 2009. Vol. 17. № 1. P. 29–47.
Lewis D. Scorekeeping in a Language Game // Journal of Philosophical Logic. 1979. Vol. 8. P. 339–359.
Pippin R. Brandom’s Hegel // European Journal of Philosophy. 2005. Vol. 13. № 3. P. 381–408.
Redding P. Analytic Philosophy and the Return of Hegelian Thought. Cambridge, 2007.
Rorty R. The Historiography of Philosophy: Four Genres // Philosophy in History / Ed. by R.Rorty, J.B.Schneewind, Q.Skinner. Cambridge, 1984. P. 49–75.
Rorty R. Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Cambridge, 1989.
Wanderer J. Robert Brandom. Durham, 2008

References (transliteration):
Gegel' G.V.F. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk. T. 3. M. 1977.
Gegel' G.V.F. Fenomenologiya dukha. SPb., 2006.
Kozhev A. Gegel', Marks i khristianstvo // Voprosy filosofii. 2010. № 10. S. 128–143.
Riker P. Put' priznaniya. M., 2010.
Rokmor T. Gegel' i granitsy analiticheskogo gegel'yanstva // Voprosy filosofii. 2002. № 7. S. 80–90.
Brandom R. Making It Explicit. Cambridge, 1994.
Brandom R. Some Pragmatist Themes in Hegel’s Idealism // European Journal of Philosophy. 1999. Vol. 7. № 2. P. 164–189.
Brandom R. Articulating Reasons: An Introduction to Inferentialism. Cambridge, 2000.
Brandom R. Tales of the Mighty Dead: Historical Essays in the Metaphysics of Intentionality. Cambridge, 2002.
Brandom R. Kantian Lessons About Mind, Meaning, and Rationality // Philosophical Topics. 2006. Vol. 34. № 1-2. P. 1–20.
Brandom R. Inferentialism and Some of its Challenges // Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 2007. Vol 74. № 3. P. 651–676.
Brandom R. Georg Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit” // Topoi. 2008. Vol. 27. № 1-2. P. 161–164.
Brandom R. Reason in Philosophy. Cambridge, 2009.
Brandom R. Why Philosophy Paints its Blue on Grey: Irony and the Pragmatist Enlightenment // Pragmatism, Nation, and Race / Ed. by Ch.Katzer, E.Medieta. Bloomington, 2009. P. 19–45.
Brandom R. Classical German Philosophy, American Pragmatism and Inferentialist Semantics // Philosophical Analysis. 2010. Vol. 1. № 1. P. 170–177.
Brandom R. Perspectives on Pragmatism: Classical, Recent, and Contemporary. Cambridge, 2011.
De Laurentiis A. Not Hegel’s Tales // Philosophy and Social Criticism. 2007. Vol. 33. № 1. P. 83–98.
Houlgate S. Phenomenology and De Re Interpretation: A Critique of Brandom’s Reading of Hegel // International Journal of Philosophical Studies. 2009. Vol. 17. № 1. P. 29–47.
Lewis D. Scorekeeping in a Language Game // Journal of Philosophical Logic. 1979. Vol. 8. P. 339–359.
Pippin R. Brandom’s Hegel // European Journal of Philosophy. 2005. Vol. 13. № 3. P. 381–408.
Redding P. Analytic Philosophy and the Return of Hegelian Thought. Cambridge, 2007.
Rorty R. The Historiography of Philosophy: Four Genres // Philosophy in History / Ed. by R.Rorty, J.B.Schneewind, Q.Skinner. Cambridge, 1984. P. 49–75.
Rorty R. Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Cambridge, 1989.
Wanderer J. Robert Brandom. Durham, 2008

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the ideas of an American pragmatism philosopher, the leader of the Pittsburg school of Neo-Hegelianism Robert Brandom and his unique «analytical» interpretation of Kant and Hegel. The author of the present article provides definitions of the main terms in Brandom’s philosophy such as «discursive obligation», «the game of giving and asking for reasons», «normative statuses», «social selfconsciousness », «inferential connections», de re and de dicto interpretations», «recognition» (Anerkennung). The author of the article shows how following the example of his predecessor and teacher Richard Rorty Robert Brandom «deontologizes’ Hegel and adjust Hegel’s ides to the issues and conceptual grounds of logiclinguistic and pragmatic philosophy during the second half of the XX century. The main research methods include rational reconstruction a comparative analysis of philosophical ideas by Hegel and Brandom through studying Brandom’s works on philosophy and history that were published since 1990–2000. It is the first time in Russian historical and philosophical literature that a researcher fully describes ideas of the philosopher who is very little known in Russia yet made a significant influence on development of neo-pragmatism in the USA, contributed to the «rehabilitation» of Hegel’s ideas and brought together English-American analytical and continental philosophies at the end of the XX — beginning of the XXI centuries.

Ключевые слова: analytical pragmatism, inferentialism, discursive obligation, prepositional content, rational reconstruction, historical reconstruction, interpretation, recognition, linguistic communication, social selfconsciousness.

Контактная информация: Dzhokhadze Igor Davidovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Vokhonka 14/1, bld. 5, room 411.

Библиография:
Benoist J. Le mythe de l’usage // Les Etudes philosophiques. 2010. N 4. 3. s. 417-432.
Benoist J. Concepts. Paris: Les éditions CERF, 2010/2011.
Benoist J. Eléments de philosophie réaliste. Paris: Vrin, 2011.
Benoist J. Making Ontology Sensitive // Cont. Philos. Rev. 2012. 45, s. 411-424.
Brandom R. 2002. Tales of the Mighty Dead. Cambridge: Harvard, 2002.
Brandom R. 2008. Between Saying and Doing. Oxford UP, 2008.
Brandom R. Reason in Philosophy. Animating Ideas. Harvard UP, 2009.
Brandom R. Perspectives on Pragmatism. Harvard UP, 2011.
Bridges J. Wittgenstein’s contextualism //Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations. A Critical Guide/ Ed. By Arif Ahmed. Cambridge UP. 2010.
Haugeland J. 2005. Reading Brandom Reading Heidegger // European Journal of Philosophy. 13:3, s. 421-428.
Heidegger M. Sein und Zeit. Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 2006.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya. (Per. V. V. Bibikhina) Sankt-Peterburg: Nauka, 2006.
Heidegger M. Etre et temps. (Traduction par Emmanuel Martineau.) Edition numérique Hors-Commerce, 1985.
Heidegger M. Being and Time. (Tr. By John Macquarrie and Edward Robinsom.) Blackwell, 2001 (pervoe izdanie 1962).
Rouse J. How Scientific Practices Matter. Chicago: Chicago, 2002.
Rouse J. (ed.) John Heugeland, Dasein Disclosed: John Haugeland’s Heidegger. Harvard University Press. 2013
Wittgenstein L. Philosophische Untersuchungen. 1953. (PU) Vittgenshtayn L. Filosofskie issledovaniya. (FI)
Wittgenstein L. The Blue Book. (BB

References (transliteration):
Benoist J. Le mythe de l’usage // Les Etudes philosophiques. 2010. N 4. 3. s. 417-432.
Benoist J. Concepts. Paris: Les éditions CERF, 2010/2011.
Benoist J. Eléments de philosophie réaliste. Paris: Vrin, 2011.
Benoist J. Making Ontology Sensitive // Cont. Philos. Rev. 2012. 45, s. 411-424.
Brandom R. 2002. Tales of the Mighty Dead. Cambridge: Harvard, 2002.
Brandom R. 2008. Between Saying and Doing. Oxford UP, 2008.
Brandom R. Reason in Philosophy. Animating Ideas. Harvard UP, 2009.
Brandom R. Perspectives on Pragmatism. Harvard UP, 2011.
Bridges J. Wittgenstein’s contextualism //Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations. A Critical Guide/ Ed. By Arif Ahmed. Cambridge UP. 2010.
Haugeland J. 2005. Reading Brandom Reading Heidegger // European Journal of Philosophy. 13:3, s. 421-428.
Heidegger M. Sein und Zeit. Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 2006.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya. (Per. V. V. Bibikhina) Sankt-Peterburg: Nauka, 2006.
Heidegger M. Etre et temps. (Traduction par Emmanuel Martineau.) Edition numérique Hors-Commerce, 1985.
Heidegger M. Being and Time. (Tr. By John Macquarrie and Edward Robinsom.) Blackwell, 2001 (pervoe izdanie 1962).
Rouse J. How Scientific Practices Matter. Chicago: Chicago, 2002.
Rouse J. (ed.) John Heugeland, Dasein Disclosed: John Haugeland’s Heidegger. Harvard University Press. 2013
Wittgenstein L. Philosophische Untersuchungen. 1953. (PU) Vittgenshtayn L. Filosofskie issledovaniya. (FI)
Wittgenstein L. The Blue Book. (BB

Аннотация: The article presents the main views of Russian and foreign philosophers on man in writings by Homer, “initial thinkers” and Plato. It is established that there are numerous different opinions about the ancient man. The purpose of the author is to answer the question: what caused such situation? The author arrives at a conclusion that it has occurred because these philosophers apply modern terms and their own ideas to interpreting Greek texts.

Ключевые слова: the ancient world, human, personality, opinion, pasticcio, Homer, initial thinkers, Plato, ideas, concepts.

Контактная информация: Manin Ivan Andreevich, 119991 GSP — 1, Moscow, Lomonosovsky prospect 27 — 4, philosophical faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Библиография:
Agatstsi E. Chelovek kak predmet filosofskogo poznaniya // O chelovecheskom v cheloveke. M., 1991. – S. 59-79.
Ado P. Chto takoe antichnaya filosofiya? M., 1999.
Aristotel'. O chastyakh zhivotnykh. M., 1937.
Akhutin A.V. Povorotnye vremena. SPb., 2005.
Bibikhin V.V. Yazyk filosofii. SPb., 2007.
Buber M. Dva obraza very. M.,1995.
Vernan Zh.-P. Proiskhozhdenie drevnegrecheskoy mysli. M., 1988.
Drach G.V. Rozhdenie antichnoy filosofii i nachalo antropologicheskoy problematiki. M., 2003.
Langer G.Yu. K probleme formirovaniya lichnosti // Filosofskaya antropologiya: istoki, sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy. Tezisy VIII ezhegodnoy konferentsii kafedry filosofii RAN (6-7 fevr.1995g.) . M., 1995.
Lebedev S.A. Ontologiya cheloveka // Chelovek. – 2010.-№ 1.
Losev A.F. Derzanie dukha M., 1988.
Losev A.F. Istoriya antichnoy estetiki (rannyaya klassika). M., 1963.
Mayorov G.G. Filosofiya kak iskanie Absolyuta. M., 2009.
Mamardashvili M.K. Lektsii po antichnoy filosofii. M., 2009.
Rozin V.M. Predposylki i osobennosti antichnoy kul'tury. M., 2004.
Rozin V.M. Teoriya kul'tury. M., 2005.
Rozin V. M. Traditsionnaya i sovremennaya filosofiya. M., 2010.
Sekst Empirik. Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M., 1975.
Fragmenty rannikh grecheskikh filosofov. M., 1989.
Fuko M. Germenevtika sub'ekta. SPb., 2007.
Yaspers K. Smysl i naznachenie istorii. M., 1994.
Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker / Griechisch und deutsch von Hermann Diels.-9-e Aufl.hrsg.von Walther Kranz.-Bd.1.-Berlin,Weidmann.-1960.
Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker / Griechisch und deutsch von Hermann Diels.-9-e Aufl.hrsg.von Walther Kranz.-Bd.2.-Berlin,Weidmann. – 1959.

References (transliteration):
Agatstsi E. Chelovek kak predmet filosofskogo poznaniya // O chelovecheskom v cheloveke. M., 1991. – S. 59-79.
Ado P. Chto takoe antichnaya filosofiya? M., 1999.
Aristotel'. O chastyakh zhivotnykh. M., 1937.
Akhutin A.V. Povorotnye vremena. SPb., 2005.
Bibikhin V.V. Yazyk filosofii. SPb., 2007.
Buber M. Dva obraza very. M.,1995.
Vernan Zh.-P. Proiskhozhdenie drevnegrecheskoy mysli. M., 1988.
Drach G.V. Rozhdenie antichnoy filosofii i nachalo antropologicheskoy problematiki. M., 2003.
Langer G.Yu. K probleme formirovaniya lichnosti // Filosofskaya antropologiya: istoki, sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy. Tezisy VIII ezhegodnoy konferentsii kafedry filosofii RAN (6-7 fevr.1995g.) . M., 1995.
Lebedev S.A. Ontologiya cheloveka // Chelovek. – 2010.-№ 1.
Losev A.F. Derzanie dukha M., 1988.
Losev A.F. Istoriya antichnoy estetiki (rannyaya klassika). M., 1963.
Mayorov G.G. Filosofiya kak iskanie Absolyuta. M., 2009.
Mamardashvili M.K. Lektsii po antichnoy filosofii. M., 2009.
Rozin V.M. Predposylki i osobennosti antichnoy kul'tury. M., 2004.
Rozin V.M. Teoriya kul'tury. M., 2005.
Rozin V. M. Traditsionnaya i sovremennaya filosofiya. M., 2010.
Sekst Empirik. Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. M., 1975.
Fragmenty rannikh grecheskikh filosofov. M., 1989.
Fuko M. Germenevtika sub'ekta. SPb., 2007.
Yaspers K. Smysl i naznachenie istorii. M., 1994.
Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker / Griechisch und deutsch von Hermann Diels.-9-e Aufl.hrsg.von Walther Kranz.-Bd.1.-Berlin,Weidmann.-1960.
Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker / Griechisch und deutsch von Hermann Diels.-9-e Aufl.hrsg.von Walther Kranz.-Bd.2.-Berlin,Weidmann. – 1959.

Аннотация: Adam Smith was lucky to receive brilliant and versatile education. He received his primary education in his native Scottish town Kirkcaldy and then studied in such great universities as the University of Glasgow and Oxford. In 1759 he published his first significant work that made him famous. Then Smith gave lectures at universities in his native land — those were lectures in ethics, law, politics and economics. At the University of Glasgow Smith actively participated in the first political economy club ever created. In 1764-1767 Smith and his student visited Paris where Smith got an opportunity to expand his knowledge communicating with famous intellectual leaders of the time such as Turgot and others. In 1767-1776 Smith created his most significant work ‘The Wealth of Nations’ that gave him the fame of the pioneer of classical English political economy. However, Smith did not manage to solve the contradiction between the two most important categories in his works — altruism and egoism. Studying the history of ideas, Smith disagreed with Plato’s and Aristotle’s conception about inherited differences between people and talked about natural equality of all people instead.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, University of Glasgow, Watt, Yum, Pitt, egoism, altruism, Protagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle.

Контактная информация: Mikhailenko Yury Petrovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn. 432.

Библиография:
1. Istoriya Velikobritanii / red. K. Morgan Kennet. M.: Ves' mir, 2008.
2. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
3. Marks K., Engel's F. Sochineniya. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
4. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Platon i sovremennaya antiteza liberalizma i totalitarizma. M.: Dialog — MGU,
1998.
5. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Trudnoe rozhdenie drevnegrecheskoy demokratii. Drakont i Solon // Edip. 2008.
№ 1 (4). S. 60-69.
6. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Tyurgo: naivysshiy vzlet aktivnosti filosofov-ekonomistov v predrevolyutsi-
onnoy Frantsii XVIII veka // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2012. № 10. S. 140-155.
7. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Fransua Kene — rodonachal'nik fiziokratii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. № 7.
S. 83-104.
8. Plutarkh. Sravnitel'nye zhizneopisaniya: v 3-kh t. T. 1 (Alkiviad). M.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1961.
9. Smit Adam. Issledovanie o prirode i prichinakh bogatstva narodov. T. 1, 2. M.-L.: Sotsekgiz, 1935.
10. Khammond Nikolas. Istoriya Drevney Gretsii. M.: Tsentropoligraf, 2003.
11. Chanyshev A.N. Istoriya drevnego mira. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 2003.

References (transliteration):
1. Istoriya Velikobritanii / red. K. Morgan Kennet. M.: Ves' mir, 2008.
2. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
3. Marks K., Engel's F. Sochineniya. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
4. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Platon i sovremennaya antiteza liberalizma i totalitarizma. M.: Dialog — MGU,
1998.
5. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Trudnoe rozhdenie drevnegrecheskoy demokratii. Drakont i Solon // Edip. 2008.
№ 1 (4). S. 60-69.
6. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Tyurgo: naivysshiy vzlet aktivnosti filosofov-ekonomistov v predrevolyutsi-
onnoy Frantsii XVIII veka // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2012. № 10. S. 140-155.
7. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Fransua Kene — rodonachal'nik fiziokratii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. № 7.
S. 83-104.
8. Plutarkh. Sravnitel'nye zhizneopisaniya: v 3-kh t. T. 1 (Alkiviad). M.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1961.
9. Smit Adam. Issledovanie o prirode i prichinakh bogatstva narodov. T. 1, 2. M.-L.: Sotsekgiz, 1935.
10. Khammond Nikolas. Istoriya Drevney Gretsii. M.: Tsentropoligraf, 2003.
11. Chanyshev A.N. Istoriya drevnego mira. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 2003.

Аннотация: Kant’s critical metaphysics is described in three chapters against the old and new tradition (Plato, Aristotle, Anselm, Foma Akvinsky, Heidegger, Levinas) as the anticipation of future metaphysics. By origin Heidegger’s philosophy has much in common not only with the Christian beliefs and theology but also Kant’s metaphysics Thus, a famous remark about the language from a conversation with a Japanese makes us refer to Kant. The expression shows that origin always means future to come.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, critical metaphysics, mind, theology, rational theology, belief, prosyllogisms, paralogisms, evidence of God’s existence, Kant’s philosophy.

Контактная информация: Fisher Norbert, VdRSSD e.V. — Storksbrede 7 59073 Hamm (Westf.) — Germany.

Библиография:
Kant:
–– AA= Kants gesammelte Schriften. Hrsg. von der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,
Berlin u.a.: de Gruyter, 1902 ff.
–– TG= Träume eines Geisterseher. Erläutert durch Träume der Metaphysik. In:
–– AA 2. («Grezy dukhovidtsa...»)
–– KrV A= Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Erste Auflage 1781. («Kritika chistogo razuma», pervoe izdanie)
–– KrV B= Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Zweite Auflage 1787. («Kritika chistogo razuma», vtoroe izdanie)
–– KpV A= Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. Erste Auflage 1788. («Kritika prakticheskogo razuma», pervoe
izdanie)
–– KU= Kritik der Urteilskraft. («Kritika sposobnosti suzhdeniya»)
–– RGV B= Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft. («Religiya v predelakh tol'ko razuma»)
–– Aristoteles: De anima. Hg. von W.D. Ross, Nachdruck Oxford: Clarendon, 1979.
–– Augustinus: Corpus Augustinianum Gissense. Hg. von Cornelius Mayer Suche nach dem wahren Leben.
Confessiones X/Bekenntnisse 10. Eingeleitet, übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen versehen von Norbert Fischer.
Lat.-deutsch. Philosophische Bibliothek 584. Hamburg: Meiner 2006.
–– Thomas von Aquin: Summa theologiae. Die Deutsche Thomas-Ausgabe. Vollständige, ungekürzte deutschlateinische
Ausgabe der Summa Theologica. Übers. von Domikanern und Benediktinern Deutschlands und
Österreichs. Salzburg u.a.: Styria u.a., 1934 ff.
–– Heidegger, Martin: GA= Martin Heidegger Gesamtausgabe. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann.
–– Heidegger, Martin: Kant und das Problem der Metaphysik (1929). Jetzt: GA 3. Frankfurt am Main:
Klostermann 1991. (=KPM)
–– Heidegger, Martin: »Mein liebes Seelchen!« Briefe Martin Heideggers an seine Frau Elfride (1915-1970).
Hg. von Gertrud Heidegger. München DVA 2005.
–– Heidegger, Martin: Nietzsches Wort ›Gott ist tot‹. (NWGit) In: Holzwege (GA 5). Frankfurt am Main:
Klostermann. In: Holzwege (GA 5). Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann 1977, 269-320, 209-267.
–– Heidegger, Martin: Die onto-theo-logische Verfassung der Metaphysik (=OVM). In: Identität und Differenz
(GA 11). Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann , 51-79.
–– Heidegger, Martin: Wozu Dichter? In: Holzwege (GA 5). Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann 1977, 269-320.
(=WD)
–– Fischer, Norbert (Hg.): Kants Grundlegung einer kritischen Metaphysik. Einführung in die Kritik der
reinen Vernunft‹ (=KGkM). Hamburg: Meiner, 2010.
–– Fischer, Norbert (Hg.): Kants Metaphysik und Religionsphilosophie. Hamburg: Meiner 2004. (=KMR)
–– Herrmann, Friedrich-Wilhelm von (Hg.): Die Gottesfrage im Denken Martin Heideggers. Hamburg: Meiner
2011 (=GDMH)

References (transliteration):
Kant:
–– AA= Kants gesammelte Schriften. Hrsg. von der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,
Berlin u.a.: de Gruyter, 1902 ff.
–– TG= Träume eines Geisterseher. Erläutert durch Träume der Metaphysik. In:
–– AA 2. («Grezy dukhovidtsa...»)
–– KrV A= Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Erste Auflage 1781. («Kritika chistogo razuma», pervoe izdanie)
–– KrV B= Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Zweite Auflage 1787. («Kritika chistogo razuma», vtoroe izdanie)
–– KpV A= Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. Erste Auflage 1788. («Kritika prakticheskogo razuma», pervoe
izdanie)
–– KU= Kritik der Urteilskraft. («Kritika sposobnosti suzhdeniya»)
–– RGV B= Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft. («Religiya v predelakh tol'ko razuma»)
–– Aristoteles: De anima. Hg. von W.D. Ross, Nachdruck Oxford: Clarendon, 1979.
–– Augustinus: Corpus Augustinianum Gissense. Hg. von Cornelius Mayer Suche nach dem wahren Leben.
Confessiones X/Bekenntnisse 10. Eingeleitet, übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen versehen von Norbert Fischer.
Lat.-deutsch. Philosophische Bibliothek 584. Hamburg: Meiner 2006.
–– Thomas von Aquin: Summa theologiae. Die Deutsche Thomas-Ausgabe. Vollständige, ungekürzte deutschlateinische
Ausgabe der Summa Theologica. Übers. von Domikanern und Benediktinern Deutschlands und
Österreichs. Salzburg u.a.: Styria u.a., 1934 ff.
–– Heidegger, Martin: GA= Martin Heidegger Gesamtausgabe. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann.
–– Heidegger, Martin: Kant und das Problem der Metaphysik (1929). Jetzt: GA 3. Frankfurt am Main:
Klostermann 1991. (=KPM)
–– Heidegger, Martin: »Mein liebes Seelchen!« Briefe Martin Heideggers an seine Frau Elfride (1915-1970).
Hg. von Gertrud Heidegger. München DVA 2005.
–– Heidegger, Martin: Nietzsches Wort ›Gott ist tot‹. (NWGit) In: Holzwege (GA 5). Frankfurt am Main:
Klostermann. In: Holzwege (GA 5). Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann 1977, 269-320, 209-267.
–– Heidegger, Martin: Die onto-theo-logische Verfassung der Metaphysik (=OVM). In: Identität und Differenz
(GA 11). Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann , 51-79.
–– Heidegger, Martin: Wozu Dichter? In: Holzwege (GA 5). Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann 1977, 269-320.
(=WD)
–– Fischer, Norbert (Hg.): Kants Grundlegung einer kritischen Metaphysik. Einführung in die Kritik der
reinen Vernunft‹ (=KGkM). Hamburg: Meiner, 2010.
–– Fischer, Norbert (Hg.): Kants Metaphysik und Religionsphilosophie. Hamburg: Meiner 2004. (=KMR)
–– Herrmann, Friedrich-Wilhelm von (Hg.): Die Gottesfrage im Denken Martin Heideggers. Hamburg: Meiner
2011 (=GDMH)

Аннотация: Ideological grounds of Roman-Catholic Modernism and Russian Christian Modernism (‘Neo- Christianity’) doctrines included symbolism. The article raises a question about M. Herbert’s ‘symbolism’ and its role for the Russian Christian modernism combined with the problems of traditional religious consciousness during that period (1880-1910) The author also touches upon the relation between Catholic modernism and Herbert’s philosophy. French modernism was closely connected with pragmatism and Russian researchers studied both phenomena at the same time. Discussion of the Russian religious intelligentsia (1909-1910) turned out to be related to epistemological problem just as Herbert imaged. Both Herbert and modernists became disappointed in ‘symbolism’ as a mediatory mean of denoting the transcendental.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, Neo-Christianity, Herbert, symbolism, Divine, Savoyard symbol, Modernism, Merezhkovsky, theology, consciousness.

Контактная информация: Vorontsova Irina Vladimirovna, 121359, Russia, Moscow, ul. Novokuznetskaya 23-B.

Библиография:
1. Vorontsova I.V. «My zhivem na povorote mirovoy istorii…»: Voprosy khristianskogo modernizma
v perepiske «neokatolikov» i «neokhristian» (1907-1911) // Vestnik PSTGU. 2011. (II). № 2. S. 35-47.
2. Vorontsova I.V. «Religioznyy pragmatizm» kak odin iz putey «modernizatsii» religioznogo so-
znaniya v 1-e desyatiletie KhKh v. // Voprosy filosofii. 2012. № 10. S. 75-84.
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Voprosy filosofii. 2010. № 10. S. 51-61.
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nauki v Sibiri. 2010. № 4. S. 29-33.
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k rimo-katolicheskomu «modernizmu» // Voprosy filosofii. 2011. № 10. S. 75-82.
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i P.B. Struve i drugikh // Religiovedenie. 2011. № 4. C. 28-39.
7. Vorontsova I.V. Religiozno-filosofskaya mysl' v nachale KhKh v. monografiya. M.: PSTGU, 2008.
8. Dzheyms U. Chto takoe pragmatizm? [1906] (http://www.philosophy.ru/library/james/pragma.html).
9. Merezhkovskiy D. Misticheskoe dvizhenie nashego veka // Akropol'. Izbrannye literaturno-kri-
ticheskie stat'i. M., 1991. S. 172-178.
10. Merezhkovskiy D.S. Nachalo novogo idealizma v proizvedeniyakh Turgeneva, Goncharova, Dostoevskogo i L.
Tolstogo // O prichinakh upadka i novykh techeniyakh sovremennoy russkoy literatury. SPb., 1893. S. 37-57.
11. Russo Zh.-Zh. Emil', ili O vospitanii / Per. s frants. M.A. Engel'gardta. SPb., 1912.
12. Sabat'e O. Kriticheskaya teoriya religioznogo poznaniya / Per. N. Muretovoy // Sovremennye techeniya
religiozno-filosofskoy mysli vo Frantsii. Pg., 1915. C. 21-59.
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14. Tareev M., prof. Istina i simvoly v oblasti dukha. Sv.-Tr. Sergieva lavra, 1905.
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References (transliteration):
1. Vorontsova I.V. «My zhivem na povorote mirovoy istorii…»: Voprosy khristianskogo modernizma
v perepiske «neokatolikov» i «neokhristian» (1907-1911) // Vestnik PSTGU. 2011. (II). № 2. S. 35-47.
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k rimo-katolicheskomu «modernizmu» // Voprosy filosofii. 2011. № 10. S. 75-82.
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Аннотация: 1930’s laid the foundation for international protection of cultural heritage — the one UNESCO based his activity on. The main feature of this period was an attempt of a complex solution of any issues in this sphere. The author of the article analyzes the main initiatives of International Council of Museums that took the form of conferences, charters, international legal acts as well as unrealized projects of international conventions in the sphere of cultural heritage protection. The author also traces back prerequisites for formation of the international system of memorial protection since XIX.

Ключевые слова: cultural research, memorial, archeology, protection, restoration, thievery, war, landscape, norm, convention.

Контактная информация: Spiridonova Yulia Valentinovna, 191186, Russia, St. Petersburg, Dvortsovaya naberezhnaya 2/4.

Библиография:
1. Boguslavskiy M.M. Mezhdunarodnaya okhrana kul'turnykh tsennostey. M.: Mezhdunar. otnosheniya, 1979.
192 s.
2. Boguslavskiy M.M. Kul'turnye tsennosti v mezhdunarodnom oborote: pravovye aspekty. M.: Yurist',
2005. 427 s.
3. Boreyko V.E. Pioner okhrany prirody Germanii Gugo Konvents i ego legendarnaya kniga // Praktika
okhrany pamyatnikov prirody. Gugo Konvents. Seriya: «Istoriya okhrany prirody». Kiev, 2000. Vyp. 23.
URL. http://www.ecoethics.ru/old/b50/ (data obrashcheniya 30.03.2011).
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Sobr. 3-e. T. 20 (1900 g.). Chast' 1. SPb., 1902. S. 419-429.
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naslediya za rubezhom: Opyt proshlogo i sovremennye problemy: Sbornik statey / RNII kul'turnogo
i prirodnogo naslediya; Sost. E.V. Andreeva; Otv. red. R.A. Mnatsakanyan. M., 1994. S. 70-88.
6. The Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments (1931) // International Charters for
Conservation and Restoration / ICOMOS (Monuments and Sites). München, 2004. Vol. I. P. 31-33
(Monuments and Sites).
7. Avant projet de convention internationale pour la protection des monuments et des oeuvres d’art au cours
des conflits armés // Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1939. Vol. 47-48. P. 180-201.
8. Boiteux L. La sauvegarde des monuments de la nature (naturdenkmäler) en Allemagne // La Nature. Paris.
1912. № 2043. P. 118-122.
9. Congrès international pour la protection des oeuvres d’art det des monuments, tenu à Paris du 24 au 29 juin
1889. Procès-verbaux sommaire. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1889. 32 p.
10. Final act of the International conference on excavations // Mouseion. Supplément mensuel. Paris: Office
international des musées, 1937. Septembre-Octobre. 23 p.
11. Foundoukidis E. La coopération intellectuelle dans le domaine des arts, de l’archéologie et de l’’ethnologie au
cours de l’année 1938: Rapport de l’Office International des Musées» // Mouseion. Paris: Office international
des musées, 1938. Vol. 43-44. P. 285-306.
12. Foundoukidis E. L’Office International des Musées et la protection monuments et des oeuvres d’art en temps
de guerre // Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1936. Vol. 35-36. P. 187-200.
13. Goy R. Le régime international de l’importation, de l’exportation et du transfert de propriété des biens
culturels. // Annuaire français de droit international. Paris, 1970. Vol. 16. P. 605-624.
14. La Loi pour la protection des sites et monuments naturels: texte, documents et commentaires relatifs à son
application / Société pour la protection des paysages de France. Paris, 1909. 22 p.
15. Nyns M. La Législation des Monuments d’art et d’histoire en Belgique // Mouseion. Paris: Office international
des musées, 1931. Vol. 17-18. P. 56-63.
16. Programme de la Commission internationale des Monuments historiques // Mouseion. Paris: Office
international des musées, 1934. Vol. 25-26. P. 178-185.
17. Projet de Sonvention internationale pour la protection des patrimoine historiques et artistiques nationaux
(Nouvelle rédaction 1936) // Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1936. Vol. 33-34. P. 283-289.
18. Renoliet J.-J. L’UNESCO oubliée. La Société des Nations et la coopération intellectuelle (1919–1946). Paris:
Publications de la Sorbonne. 1999. 352 p.
19. Richardson J. S. La protection des Monuments anciens et des Monuments historiques en Grande-Bretagne //
Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1937. Vol. 37-38. P. 125-156.
20. Shelters from the storm: developments in international humanitarian law / Edited be W. Maley. Canberra:
Australian Defence Studies Centre, 1995. 360 p.
21. Stavriki E. La Convention pour la protection des biens culturels en cas de conflit armé: une convention du
droit international humanitaire. Athènes: Éditions Ant. N. Sakkoulas, 1996. 306 p.
22. Swenson A. “Heritage” on Display: Exhibitions and Congresses for the Protection of Ancient Monuments
at the World’s Fairs 1855–1915 // Reflections / ed. E. O’Carroll. IWM Junior Visiting Fellows’ Conferences.
Vienna, 2006. Vol. 19. (URL: http://www.iwm.at/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=237&It
emid=125 (data obrashcheniya 30.03.2011)).
23. Visscher Ch. de. La Protection des patrimoines artistiques et historiques nationaux. Nécessité d’une
réglementation internationale // Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1938. Vol. 43-44. P. 7-33.
24. Visscher Ch. de. La protection internationale des monuments historiques et des oeuvres d’art en temps de
guerre // Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1936. Vol. 35-36. P. 177-185.

References (transliteration):
1. Boguslavskiy M.M. Mezhdunarodnaya okhrana kul'turnykh tsennostey. M.: Mezhdunar. otnosheniya, 1979.
192 s.
2. Boguslavskiy M.M. Kul'turnye tsennosti v mezhdunarodnom oborote: pravovye aspekty. M.: Yurist',
2005. 427 s.
3. Boreyko V.E. Pioner okhrany prirody Germanii Gugo Konvents i ego legendarnaya kniga // Praktika
okhrany pamyatnikov prirody. Gugo Konvents. Seriya: «Istoriya okhrany prirody». Kiev, 2000. Vyp. 23.
URL. http://www.ecoethics.ru/old/b50/ (data obrashcheniya 30.03.2011).
4. Konventsiya o zakonakh i obychayakh sukhoputnoy voyny // Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii.
Sobr. 3-e. T. 20 (1900 g.). Chast' 1. SPb., 1902. S. 419-429.
5. Kuleshova M.E. Formy okhrany territoriy prirodnogo i kul'turnogo naslediya v SShA i Rossii // Okhrana
naslediya za rubezhom: Opyt proshlogo i sovremennye problemy: Sbornik statey / RNII kul'turnogo
i prirodnogo naslediya; Sost. E.V. Andreeva; Otv. red. R.A. Mnatsakanyan. M., 1994. S. 70-88.
6. The Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments (1931) // International Charters for
Conservation and Restoration / ICOMOS (Monuments and Sites). München, 2004. Vol. I. P. 31-33
(Monuments and Sites).
7. Avant projet de convention internationale pour la protection des monuments et des oeuvres d’art au cours
des conflits armés // Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1939. Vol. 47-48. P. 180-201.
8. Boiteux L. La sauvegarde des monuments de la nature (naturdenkmäler) en Allemagne // La Nature. Paris.
1912. № 2043. P. 118-122.
9. Congrès international pour la protection des oeuvres d’art det des monuments, tenu à Paris du 24 au 29 juin
1889. Procès-verbaux sommaire. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1889. 32 p.
10. Final act of the International conference on excavations // Mouseion. Supplément mensuel. Paris: Office
international des musées, 1937. Septembre-Octobre. 23 p.
11. Foundoukidis E. La coopération intellectuelle dans le domaine des arts, de l’archéologie et de l’’ethnologie au
cours de l’année 1938: Rapport de l’Office International des Musées» // Mouseion. Paris: Office international
des musées, 1938. Vol. 43-44. P. 285-306.
12. Foundoukidis E. L’Office International des Musées et la protection monuments et des oeuvres d’art en temps
de guerre // Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1936. Vol. 35-36. P. 187-200.
13. Goy R. Le régime international de l’importation, de l’exportation et du transfert de propriété des biens
culturels. // Annuaire français de droit international. Paris, 1970. Vol. 16. P. 605-624.
14. La Loi pour la protection des sites et monuments naturels: texte, documents et commentaires relatifs à son
application / Société pour la protection des paysages de France. Paris, 1909. 22 p.
15. Nyns M. La Législation des Monuments d’art et d’histoire en Belgique // Mouseion. Paris: Office international
des musées, 1931. Vol. 17-18. P. 56-63.
16. Programme de la Commission internationale des Monuments historiques // Mouseion. Paris: Office
international des musées, 1934. Vol. 25-26. P. 178-185.
17. Projet de Sonvention internationale pour la protection des patrimoine historiques et artistiques nationaux
(Nouvelle rédaction 1936) // Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1936. Vol. 33-34. P. 283-289.
18. Renoliet J.-J. L’UNESCO oubliée. La Société des Nations et la coopération intellectuelle (1919–1946). Paris:
Publications de la Sorbonne. 1999. 352 p.
19. Richardson J. S. La protection des Monuments anciens et des Monuments historiques en Grande-Bretagne //
Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1937. Vol. 37-38. P. 125-156.
20. Shelters from the storm: developments in international humanitarian law / Edited be W. Maley. Canberra:
Australian Defence Studies Centre, 1995. 360 p.
21. Stavriki E. La Convention pour la protection des biens culturels en cas de conflit armé: une convention du
droit international humanitaire. Athènes: Éditions Ant. N. Sakkoulas, 1996. 306 p.
22. Swenson A. “Heritage” on Display: Exhibitions and Congresses for the Protection of Ancient Monuments
at the World’s Fairs 1855–1915 // Reflections / ed. E. O’Carroll. IWM Junior Visiting Fellows’ Conferences.
Vienna, 2006. Vol. 19. (URL: http://www.iwm.at/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=237&It
emid=125 (data obrashcheniya 30.03.2011)).
23. Visscher Ch. de. La Protection des patrimoines artistiques et historiques nationaux. Nécessité d’une
réglementation internationale // Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1938. Vol. 43-44. P. 7-33.
24. Visscher Ch. de. La protection internationale des monuments historiques et des oeuvres d’art en temps de
guerre // Mouseion. Paris: Office international des musées, 1936. Vol. 35-36. P. 177-185.

Аннотация: The author of the article compares Nikolay Berdyaev’s and Semyon Frank’s views on knowledge and the process of cogitation. The author describes the connection between these two terms and will categories, creativity and intuition. The author also compares the main features of knowledge and cogitation described by Berdyaev and Frank.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, soul, Frank, creativity, will categories, Russian emigration, knowledge, cognition.

Контактная информация: Kovalevsky, V. G., Yaroslavskaya St. 13, Moscow 129366, Russia.

Библиография:
1. Berdyaev N.A. Filosofiya svobody. Smysl tvorchestva / N.A. Berdyaev. M.: Nauka, 1993. 222 s.
2. Gurevich P.S. Filosofiya cheloveka. Ch. 1 / P. S. Gurevich. M.: IF RAN, 1999. 218 s.
3. Zavgorodnyaya A.L. Lichnost' kak sub'ekt v filosofii Nikolaya Berdyaeva / A.L. Zavgorodnyaya // Iz-
vestiya Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. A.I. Gertsena. 2009. № 97.
S. 346-349.
4. Kol'tsova V.A. Istoriya psikhologii: Problemy metodologii / V.A. Kol'tsova. M.: In-t psikhologii
RAN, 2008. 512 s.
5. Nekrasov S.I., Nekrasova N.A., Makatov Z.V. Vzglyady N. Berdyaeva na sushchnost' dukhovnosti /
S.I. Nekrasov, N.A. Nekrasova, Z.V. Makatov // Nauchnyy vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo
tekhnicheskogo universiteta grazhdanskoy aviatsii. 2010. № 155. S. 60-67.
6. Rubanov V.G. Filosofskie problemy cheloveka v rabotakh N.F. Fedorova, N.A. Berdyaeva, P.A. Flo-
renskogo / V.G. Rubanov // Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2010. № 6. S. 62-68.
7. Frank S.L. Predmet znaniya. Dusha cheloveka / S.L. Frank. Minsk: Kharvest; M.: AST, 2000. 990 s.

References (transliteration):
1. Berdyaev N.A. Filosofiya svobody. Smysl tvorchestva / N.A. Berdyaev. M.: Nauka, 1993. 222 s.
2. Gurevich P.S. Filosofiya cheloveka. Ch. 1 / P. S. Gurevich. M.: IF RAN, 1999. 218 s.
3. Zavgorodnyaya A.L. Lichnost' kak sub'ekt v filosofii Nikolaya Berdyaeva / A.L. Zavgorodnyaya // Iz-
vestiya Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. A.I. Gertsena. 2009. № 97.
S. 346-349.
4. Kol'tsova V.A. Istoriya psikhologii: Problemy metodologii / V.A. Kol'tsova. M.: In-t psikhologii
RAN, 2008. 512 s.
5. Nekrasov S.I., Nekrasova N.A., Makatov Z.V. Vzglyady N. Berdyaeva na sushchnost' dukhovnosti /
S.I. Nekrasov, N.A. Nekrasova, Z.V. Makatov // Nauchnyy vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo
tekhnicheskogo universiteta grazhdanskoy aviatsii. 2010. № 155. S. 60-67.
6. Rubanov V.G. Filosofskie problemy cheloveka v rabotakh N.F. Fedorova, N.A. Berdyaeva, P.A. Flo-
renskogo / V.G. Rubanov // Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2010. № 6. S. 62-68.
7. Frank S.L. Predmet znaniya. Dusha cheloveka / S.L. Frank. Minsk: Kharvest; M.: AST, 2000. 990 s.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the world outlook sources and socio-cultural prerequisites for formation of principles of duty and social responsibility in Japanese labor and corporate ethics. The author of the article analyzes historical realities and memories in philosophy and ethics during Tokugawa epoch (1603 -1868) due to the aforesaid problems. Japanese labor and corporate ethics has roots in XVII-IX centuries and is thought to be one of the causes of such successful modernization of Japan, the phenomenon of ‘economic miracle’ after the Second World War and stable and intensive development of the country throughout years as well as the spiritual element of modern Japanese discourse of corporate social responsibility.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, ethics, culture, archetype, labor, lesson, duty, responsibility, ie, Japan.

Библиография:
1. Benedikt R. Khrizantema i mech: modeli yaponskoy kul'tury. M., 2004.
2. Ignatovich A.N. Buddizm v Yaponii. Ocherk ranney istorii. M., 1987.
3. Zarubina N.N. Sotsiokul'turnye faktory khozyaystvennogo razvitiya: M. Veber i sovremennye te-
orii modernizatsii. SPb, 1998.
4. Karelova L.B. U istokov yaponskoy trudovoy etiki. Istoriya v portretakh. M.: Vost. lit., 2007.
5. Karelova L.B. Uchenie Isidy Baygana o postizhenii «serdtsa» i stanovlenie trudovoy etiki v
Yaponii. M.: Vost. lit., 2007.
6. Klassicheskoe konfutsianstvo. V 2-kh tt. SPb-M., 2000.
7. Bellah R.N. Tokugawa Religion: The Values of Pre-Industrial Japan. Glencoe, 1957.
8. Morishima Michio. Why has Japan «succeeded»? Western Technology and the Japanese Ethos. Cambridge,
1982.
9. Nakamura Hajime. A history of the Development of Japanese Thought from 592 to 1868. Vol. 1-2. Tokyo, 1967.
10. Takemura Eiji. The perception of Work in Tokugawa Japan. Lanham, 1997.
11. Isida Baygan dzensyu (Polnoe sobranie sochineniy Isidy Baygana). Osaka, 1972. T. 1.
12. Ninomiya Sontoku // Nikhon-no meyte (Znamenitye proizvedeniya Yaponii). Tokio, 1983. T. 26.
13. Ogyu Soray dzensyu (Polnoe sobranie sochineniy Ogyu Soraya). Tokio, 1973. T. 1.
14. Sibusava Eyiti. Rongo to soroban (Lun'yuy i schety). Tokio, 2001.

References (transliteration):
1. Benedikt R. Khrizantema i mech: modeli yaponskoy kul'tury. M., 2004.
2. Ignatovich A.N. Buddizm v Yaponii. Ocherk ranney istorii. M., 1987.
3. Zarubina N.N. Sotsiokul'turnye faktory khozyaystvennogo razvitiya: M. Veber i sovremennye te-
orii modernizatsii. SPb, 1998.
4. Karelova L.B. U istokov yaponskoy trudovoy etiki. Istoriya v portretakh. M.: Vost. lit., 2007.
5. Karelova L.B. Uchenie Isidy Baygana o postizhenii «serdtsa» i stanovlenie trudovoy etiki v
Yaponii. M.: Vost. lit., 2007.
6. Klassicheskoe konfutsianstvo. V 2-kh tt. SPb-M., 2000.
7. Bellah R.N. Tokugawa Religion: The Values of Pre-Industrial Japan. Glencoe, 1957.
8. Morishima Michio. Why has Japan «succeeded»? Western Technology and the Japanese Ethos. Cambridge,
1982.
9. Nakamura Hajime. A history of the Development of Japanese Thought from 592 to 1868. Vol. 1-2. Tokyo, 1967.
10. Takemura Eiji. The perception of Work in Tokugawa Japan. Lanham, 1997.
11. Isida Baygan dzensyu (Polnoe sobranie sochineniy Isidy Baygana). Osaka, 1972. T. 1.
12. Ninomiya Sontoku // Nikhon-no meyte (Znamenitye proizvedeniya Yaponii). Tokio, 1983. T. 26.
13. Ogyu Soray dzensyu (Polnoe sobranie sochineniy Ogyu Soraya). Tokio, 1973. T. 1.
14. Sibusava Eyiti. Rongo to soroban (Lun'yuy i schety). Tokio, 2001.

Аннотация: Turgot has ended the social and economic program of bourgeois innovations developing under conditions overripen feudalism of bourgeois concepts. Innovators acted within the framework of French Enlightenment. They prepared ideological revolution back in 1789. Turgot raised the economic theory up to the highest level, anticipating Adam Smith in some teachings – for instance, in his approach to origins of labor theory of price, relationship and turnover of national capitals in agriculture, trade, and et. As the minister of finances, Turgot implemented market measures of freedom of entrepreneurship activity overcoming opposition of the old philosophy adepts. His polemics with Louis the King about the administrative reform outlined distribution of forces during pre-revolutionary period. However, after Turgot lost his position, reactionists tried to eliminate all his work and reform. But then revolutionists of the 1789 adopted Turgot’s ideas and put them into life. Marx described Turgot as a great person both as an administrative figure and founder of social and economic theory. Even in modern Russia Turgot achievements help us to understand complicated processes of market economics.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, Louis the 16th, capital, farmer, merchant, gobmeen man, banker, Luther, Dante, labor.

Библиография:
1. Dante. Bozhestvennaya komediya / Perevod M. Lozinskogo. M.: Nauka, 1968.
2. Dante. Malye proizvedeniya. Kommentarii I.N. Golenishcheva-Kutuzova. M.: Nauka, 1968.
3. Zagladin N.V., Simoniya N.A. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Russkoe slovo, 2007.
4. Istoriya Frantsii. M.: Kraft, 2009.
5. Kene F, Tyurgo A. Dyupon de Nemur. Fiziokraty. Izbrannye ekonomicheskie proizvedeniya. M.:
EKSMO, 2008.
6. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
7. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 2. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
8. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
9. Marks K. Teorii pribavochnoy stoimosti. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
10. Marks K., Engel's F. Sochineniya. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
11. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Dyupon de Nemur: rasprostranenie fiziokraticheskikh idey v usloviyakh bor'by
evropeyskikh derzhav za preobladanie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. № 7. S. 155-182.
12. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Fransua Kene — rodonachal'nik fiziokratii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010.
№ 7. S. 83-104.
13. Pushkin A.S. Sochineniya v trekh tomakh. Tom 2. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1986.
14. T'erri O. Izbrannye sochineniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe izdatel'stvo, 1937.
15. Tyurgo A. Izbrannye filosofskie proizvedeniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe
izdatel'stvo, 1937.
16. Ukolova V.I., Revyakin A.V. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Prosveshchenie, 2009.
17. Shekspir U. Venetsianskiy kupets. Komediya. SPb: Azbuka-klassika, 2009.

References (transliteration):
1. Dante. Bozhestvennaya komediya / Perevod M. Lozinskogo. M.: Nauka, 1968.
2. Dante. Malye proizvedeniya. Kommentarii I.N. Golenishcheva-Kutuzova. M.: Nauka, 1968.
3. Zagladin N.V., Simoniya N.A. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Russkoe slovo, 2007.
4. Istoriya Frantsii. M.: Kraft, 2009.
5. Kene F, Tyurgo A. Dyupon de Nemur. Fiziokraty. Izbrannye ekonomicheskie proizvedeniya. M.:
EKSMO, 2008.
6. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
7. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 2. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
8. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
9. Marks K. Teorii pribavochnoy stoimosti. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
10. Marks K., Engel's F. Sochineniya. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
11. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Dyupon de Nemur: rasprostranenie fiziokraticheskikh idey v usloviyakh bor'by
evropeyskikh derzhav za preobladanie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. № 7. S. 155-182.
12. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Fransua Kene — rodonachal'nik fiziokratii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010.
№ 7. S. 83-104.
13. Pushkin A.S. Sochineniya v trekh tomakh. Tom 2. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1986.
14. T'erri O. Izbrannye sochineniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe izdatel'stvo, 1937.
15. Tyurgo A. Izbrannye filosofskie proizvedeniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe
izdatel'stvo, 1937.
16. Ukolova V.I., Revyakin A.V. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Prosveshchenie, 2009.
17. Shekspir U. Venetsianskiy kupets. Komediya. SPb: Azbuka-klassika, 2009.

Аннотация: The article contains the summary of the XII International Likhachev Readings held on May 17-18 2012 in St. Petersburg University of Professional Unions. The Readings were devoted to the transformation processes in all spheres of culture as well as various aspects of globalization. The author of the article pays much attention to the critics of the multi culturalism conception, the problem of world unity and cultural diversity, combination of economics and culture, anthropological crisis of the consumer society and integration processes. The main idea uniting all these topics is the concept of cultural dialogue as the grounds for harmonic and efficient interaction of cultures at a modern stage.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, globalization, dialogue of cultures, multi culturalism, personality, cultural integration, civilization, humanitarian education, human transformation.

Аннотация: Turgot has ended the social and economic program of bourgeois innovations developing under conditions overripen feudalism of bourgeois concepts. Innovators acted within the framework of French Enlightenment. They prepared ideological revolution back in 1789. Turgot raised the economic theory up to the highest level, anticipating Adam Smith in some teachings — for instance, in his approach to origins of labor theory of price, relationship and turnover of national capitals in agriculture, trade, and et. As the minister of finances, Turgot implemented market measures of freedom of entrepreneurship activity overcoming opposition of the old philosophy adepts. His polemics with Louis the King about the administrative reform outlined distribution of forces during pre-revolutionary period. However, after Turgot lost his position, reactionists tried to eliminate all his work and reform. But then revolutionists of the 1789 adopted Turgot’s ideas and put them into life. Marx described Turgot as a great person both as an administrative figure and founder of social and economic theory. Even in modern Russia Turgot achievements help us to understand complicated processes of market economics.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, Louis the 16th, capital, farmer, merchant, gobmeen man, banker, Luther, Dante, labor.

Библиография:
1. Dante. Bozhestvennaya komediya / Perevod M. Lozinskogo. M.: Nauka, 1968.
2. Dante. Malye proizvedeniya. Kommentarii I.N. Golenishcheva-Kutuzova. M.: Nauka, 1968.
3. Zagladin N.V., Simoniya N.A. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Russkoe slovo, 2007.
4. Istoriya Frantsii. M.: Kraft, 2009.
5. Kene F, Tyurgo A. Dyupon de Nemur. Fiziokraty. Izbrannye ekonomicheskie proizvedeniya. M.:
EKSMO, 2008.
6. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
7. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 2. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
8. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
9. Marks K. Teorii pribavochnoy stoimosti. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
10. Marks K., Engel's F. Sochineniya. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
11. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Dyupon de Nemur: rasprostranenie fiziokraticheskikh idey v usloviyakh bor'by
evropeyskikh derzhav za preobladanie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. № 7. S. 155-182.
12. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Fransua Kene — rodonachal'nik fiziokratii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. №
7. S. 83-104.
13. Pushkin A.S. Sochineniya v trekh tomakh. Tom 2. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1986.
14. T'erri O. Izbrannye sochineniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe izdatel'stvo, 1937.
15. Tyurgo A. Izbrannye filosofskie proizvedeniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe
izdatel'stvo, 1937.
16. Ukolova V.I., Revyakin A.V. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Prosveshchenie, 2009.
17. Shekspir U. Venetsianskiy kupets. Komediya. SPb: Azbuka-klassika, 2009.

References (transliteration):
1. Dante. Bozhestvennaya komediya / Perevod M. Lozinskogo. M.: Nauka, 1968.
2. Dante. Malye proizvedeniya. Kommentarii I.N. Golenishcheva-Kutuzova. M.: Nauka, 1968.
3. Zagladin N.V., Simoniya N.A. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Russkoe slovo, 2007.
4. Istoriya Frantsii. M.: Kraft, 2009.
5. Kene F, Tyurgo A. Dyupon de Nemur. Fiziokraty. Izbrannye ekonomicheskie proizvedeniya. M.:
EKSMO, 2008.
6. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
7. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 2. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
8. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
9. Marks K. Teorii pribavochnoy stoimosti. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
10. Marks K., Engel's F. Sochineniya. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
11. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Dyupon de Nemur: rasprostranenie fiziokraticheskikh idey v usloviyakh bor'by
evropeyskikh derzhav za preobladanie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. № 7. S. 155-182.
12. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Fransua Kene — rodonachal'nik fiziokratii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. №
7. S. 83-104.
13. Pushkin A.S. Sochineniya v trekh tomakh. Tom 2. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1986.
14. T'erri O. Izbrannye sochineniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe izdatel'stvo, 1937.
15. Tyurgo A. Izbrannye filosofskie proizvedeniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe
izdatel'stvo, 1937.
16. Ukolova V.I., Revyakin A.V. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Prosveshchenie, 2009.
17. Shekspir U. Venetsianskiy kupets. Komediya. SPb: Azbuka-klassika, 2009.

Аннотация: Turgot has ended the social and economic program of bourgeois innovations developing under conditions overripen feudalism of bourgeois concepts. Innovators acted within the framework of French Enlightenment. They prepared ideological revolution back in 1789. Turgot raised the economic theory up to the highest level, anticipating Adam Smith in some teachings — for instance, in his approach to origins of labor theory of price, relationship and turnover of national capitals in agriculture, trade, and et. As the minister of finances, Turgot implemented market measures of freedom of entrepreneurship activity overcoming opposition of the old philosophy adepts. His polemics with Louis the King about the administrative reform outlined distribution of forces during pre-revolutionary period. However, after Turgot lost his position, reactionists tried to eliminate all his work and reform. But then revolutionists of the 1789 adopted Turgot’s ideas and put them into life. Marx described Turgot as a great person both as an administrative figure and founder of social and economic theory. Even in modern Russia Turgot achievements help us to understand complicated processes of market economics.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, Louis the 16th, capital, farmer, merchant, gobmeen man, banker, Luther, Dante, labor.

Библиография:
1. Dante. Bozhestvennaya komediya / Perevod M. Lozinskogo. M.: Nauka, 1968.
2. Dante. Malye proizvedeniya. Kommentarii I.N. Golenishcheva-Kutuzova. M.: Nauka, 1968.
3. Zagladin N.V., Simoniya N.A. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Russkoe slovo, 2007.
4. Istoriya Frantsii. M.: Kraft, 2009.
5. Kene F, Tyurgo A. Dyupon de Nemur. Fiziokraty. Izbrannye ekonomicheskie proizvedeniya. M.:
EKSMO, 2008.
6. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
7. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 2. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
8. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
9. Marks K. Teorii pribavochnoy stoimosti. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
10. Marks K., Engel's F. Sochineniya. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
11. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Dyupon de Nemur: rasprostranenie fiziokraticheskikh idey v usloviyakh bor'by
evropeyskikh derzhav za preobladanie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. № 7. S. 155-182.
12. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Fransua Kene — rodonachal'nik fiziokratii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010.
№ 7. S. 83-104.
13. Pushkin A.S. Soch.: v 3 t. Tom 2. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1986.
14. T'erri O. Izbrannye sochineniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe izdatel'stvo, 1937.
15. Tyurgo A. Izbrannye filosofskie proizvedeniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe
izdatel'stvo, 1937.
16. Ukolova V.I., Revyakin A.V. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Prosveshchenie, 2009.
17. Shekspir U. Venetsianskiy kupets. Komediya. SPb: Azbuka-klassika, 2009.

References (transliteration):
1. Dante. Bozhestvennaya komediya / Perevod M. Lozinskogo. M.: Nauka, 1968.
2. Dante. Malye proizvedeniya. Kommentarii I.N. Golenishcheva-Kutuzova. M.: Nauka, 1968.
3. Zagladin N.V., Simoniya N.A. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Russkoe slovo, 2007.
4. Istoriya Frantsii. M.: Kraft, 2009.
5. Kene F, Tyurgo A. Dyupon de Nemur. Fiziokraty. Izbrannye ekonomicheskie proizvedeniya. M.:
EKSMO, 2008.
6. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
7. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 2. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
8. Marks K. Kapital. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949.
9. Marks K. Teorii pribavochnoy stoimosti. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
10. Marks K., Engel's F. Sochineniya. Tom 3. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955.
11. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Dyupon de Nemur: rasprostranenie fiziokraticheskikh idey v usloviyakh bor'by
evropeyskikh derzhav za preobladanie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011. № 7. S. 155-182.
12. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Fransua Kene — rodonachal'nik fiziokratii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010.
№ 7. S. 83-104.
13. Pushkin A.S. Soch.: v 3 t. Tom 2. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1986.
14. T'erri O. Izbrannye sochineniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe izdatel'stvo, 1937.
15. Tyurgo A. Izbrannye filosofskie proizvedeniya. M.: Gosudarstvennoe sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe
izdatel'stvo, 1937.
16. Ukolova V.I., Revyakin A.V. Vseobshchaya istoriya. M.: Prosveshchenie, 2009.
17. Shekspir U. Venetsianskiy kupets. Komediya. SPb: Azbuka-klassika, 2009.

Аннотация: Modelling of modern cultural policy should have an adequate philosophical basis. Works by Russian philosophers of the end of the 19th — first quarter o the 20th centuries contain several heuristic models of cultural policy. Based on the defined types of modeling of cultural policy we can define and choose the basis, ideas, conceptions and principles of modern state cultural policy. The main methods used in the research include: analysis of philosophical texts, modeling and detection of ideal types of cultural policy.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, cultural policy, models, subjective, objective, dialectics, Russian philosophy, culture genesis, ideals, processes.

Библиография:
1. Bogdanov A.A. Tektologiya (Vseobshchaya organizatsionnaya nauka). M.: Ekonomika, 1989.
2. Bulgakov S.N. Filosofiya khozyaystva. Mir kak khozyaystvo // Bulgakov S.N. Sochineniya v 2-kh tt. T. 1.
M.: Nauka, 1993.
3. Bulgakov S.N. Dogmaticheskoe obosnovanie kul'tury // Bulgakov S.N. Sochineniya v 2-kh tt. T. 2. Iz-
brannye stat'i. M.: Nauka, 1993.
4. Vostryakov L.E. Kul'turnaya politika: kontseptsii, ponyatiya, modeli [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL:
http://www.cpolicy.ru/analytics.
5. Gurevich P.S. Imidzh Rossii v protsesse globalizatsii // Vek globalizatsii. Issledovaniya sovre-
mennykh global'nykh protsessov. 2009. № 2. S. 178-191.
6. Ikonnikova S.N. Istoriya kul'turologicheskikh teoriy. 2-e izd. SPb., 2005.
7. Koptseva N.P., Bakhova N.A. Sistema kul'tury Krasnoyarskogo kraya: osnovnye sub'ekty i kul'turnye
tsennosti // Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal'nogo universiteta. Seriya «Gumanitarnye nauki». 2010.
T. 3. № 3. S. 344-381.
8. Koptseva N.P., Reznikova K.V. Vybor metodologicheskikh osnovaniy dlya sovremennykh kul'turnykh
issledovaniy // Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal'nogo universiteta. Seriya «Gumanitarnye nauki».
2009. T. 2. № 4. S. 491-506.
9. Kul'turnaya politika v Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost' / otv. red. I.A. Butenko, K.E. Razlogov.
M.: Liberiya, 1998.
10. Losskiy N.O. Istoriya russkoy filosofii. M.: Progress, 1994.
11. Pivovarov D. V. Problema sinteza osnovnykh definitsiy kul'tury // Vestnik Rossiyskogo filo-
sofskogo obshchestva. 2009. № 1. S. 157-161.
12. Regional'nye osobennosti upravleniya dukhovno-kul'turnoy sferoy / T.A. Kudrina, V.K. Egorov,
S.Ya. Komissarov i dr. // Regional'noe soobshchestvo: mnogostoronnee razvitie i upravlenie. M.:
Nauka, 1993.
13. Trubetskoy S.N. Sochineniya. M.: Mysl', 1994.
14. Tugan-Baranovskiy M.I. Sotsializm kak polozhitel'noe uchenie // Tugan-Baranovskiy M.I. K luch-
shemu budushchemu. M.: ROSSPEN, 1996. S. 261.
Rezhim dostupa k resursu:
1. http://www.portalus.ru/modules/economics/rus_show_archives.php?subaction=showfull&id=11024222
85&archive=1120043562&start_from=&ucat=2&

References (transliteration):
1. Bogdanov A.A. Tektologiya (Vseobshchaya organizatsionnaya nauka). M.: Ekonomika, 1989.
2. Bulgakov S.N. Filosofiya khozyaystva. Mir kak khozyaystvo // Bulgakov S.N. Sochineniya v 2-kh tt. T. 1.
M.: Nauka, 1993.
3. Bulgakov S.N. Dogmaticheskoe obosnovanie kul'tury // Bulgakov S.N. Sochineniya v 2-kh tt. T. 2. Iz-
brannye stat'i. M.: Nauka, 1993.
4. Vostryakov L.E. Kul'turnaya politika: kontseptsii, ponyatiya, modeli [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL:
http://www.cpolicy.ru/analytics.
5. Gurevich P.S. Imidzh Rossii v protsesse globalizatsii // Vek globalizatsii. Issledovaniya sovre-
mennykh global'nykh protsessov. 2009. № 2. S. 178-191.
6. Ikonnikova S.N. Istoriya kul'turologicheskikh teoriy. 2-e izd. SPb., 2005.
7. Koptseva N.P., Bakhova N.A. Sistema kul'tury Krasnoyarskogo kraya: osnovnye sub'ekty i kul'turnye
tsennosti // Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal'nogo universiteta. Seriya «Gumanitarnye nauki». 2010.
T. 3. № 3. S. 344-381.
8. Koptseva N.P., Reznikova K.V. Vybor metodologicheskikh osnovaniy dlya sovremennykh kul'turnykh
issledovaniy // Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal'nogo universiteta. Seriya «Gumanitarnye nauki».
2009. T. 2. № 4. S. 491-506.
9. Kul'turnaya politika v Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost' / otv. red. I.A. Butenko, K.E. Razlogov.
M.: Liberiya, 1998.
10. Losskiy N.O. Istoriya russkoy filosofii. M.: Progress, 1994.
11. Pivovarov D. V. Problema sinteza osnovnykh definitsiy kul'tury // Vestnik Rossiyskogo filo-
sofskogo obshchestva. 2009. № 1. S. 157-161.
12. Regional'nye osobennosti upravleniya dukhovno-kul'turnoy sferoy / T.A. Kudrina, V.K. Egorov,
S.Ya. Komissarov i dr. // Regional'noe soobshchestvo: mnogostoronnee razvitie i upravlenie. M.:
Nauka, 1993.
13. Trubetskoy S.N. Sochineniya. M.: Mysl', 1994.
14. Tugan-Baranovskiy M.I. Sotsializm kak polozhitel'noe uchenie // Tugan-Baranovskiy M.I. K luch-
shemu budushchemu. M.: ROSSPEN, 1996. S. 261.
Rezhim dostupa k resursu:
1. http://www.portalus.ru/modules/economics/rus_show_archives.php?subaction=showfull&id=11024222
85&archive=1120043562&start_from=&ucat=2&

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the development of Aristotle’s ideas and creative work. The author describes the two stags of such development. At the first stage, the Stagirite, Aristotle entered into controversy with Plato and gave description of categories as well as definitions of the first and second essences. At the second stage he created the rules for discussion and learning and refused from linguistic conceptualization. At the beginning of the article the author also discusses principles of philosophical and methodological reconstruction of creativity and thinking.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, item, knowledge, truth, subject, reality, reasoning, learning, definition, standard.

Библиография:
1. Aristotel'. O dushe. M., 1934.
2. Aristotel'. Kategorii. Soch. v 4-kh tt. T. 2. M., 1978.
3. Asmus V.M. Metafizika Aristotelya. M., 1976.
4. Akhmanov A.S. Logicheskoe uchenie Aristotelya. M., 1960.
5. Ivanenko E.A., Koretskaya M.A., Savenkova E.V. Gekatonkheyr i tsvetochek, ili kak vozmozhna filosofiya
prostykh veshchey // Vestnik Samarskoy Gumanitarnoy akademii. Seriya «Filosofiya. Filologiya».
2008. № 1 (3). S. 22-32 [Elektronnyy resurs] // http://www.phil63.ru/gekatonkheir-i-tsvetochek-ilikak-
vozmozhna-filosofiya-prostykh-veshchei.
6. Neretina S.S., Ogurtsov A.P. Reabilitatsiya veshchi. SPb: Mir, 2010.
7. Platon. Fedr. Soch. v 4 t. T. 2. M., 1993.
8. Rozin V.M. Metodologiya: stanovlenie i sovremennoe sostoyanie. M., 2005.
9. Rozin V.M. Nauka: proiskhozhdenie, razvitie, tipologiya, novaya kontseptualizatsiya. M.-Voronezh,
2008.
10. Chanyshev A.N. Kurs lektsiy po drevney filosofii: Ucheb. posobie dlya filos. fak. i otdeleniy
un-tov. M.: Vyssh. shkola, 1981 [Elektronnyy resurs] // http://philosophy.ru/edu/ref/chanyshev1.html

References (transliteration):
1. Aristotel'. O dushe. M., 1934.
2. Aristotel'. Kategorii. Soch. v 4-kh tt. T. 2. M., 1978.
3. Asmus V.M. Metafizika Aristotelya. M., 1976.
4. Akhmanov A.S. Logicheskoe uchenie Aristotelya. M., 1960.
5. Ivanenko E.A., Koretskaya M.A., Savenkova E.V. Gekatonkheyr i tsvetochek, ili kak vozmozhna filosofiya
prostykh veshchey // Vestnik Samarskoy Gumanitarnoy akademii. Seriya «Filosofiya. Filologiya».
2008. № 1 (3). S. 22-32 [Elektronnyy resurs] // http://www.phil63.ru/gekatonkheir-i-tsvetochek-ilikak-
vozmozhna-filosofiya-prostykh-veshchei.
6. Neretina S.S., Ogurtsov A.P. Reabilitatsiya veshchi. SPb: Mir, 2010.
7. Platon. Fedr. Soch. v 4 t. T. 2. M., 1993.
8. Rozin V.M. Metodologiya: stanovlenie i sovremennoe sostoyanie. M., 2005.
9. Rozin V.M. Nauka: proiskhozhdenie, razvitie, tipologiya, novaya kontseptualizatsiya. M.-Voronezh,
2008.
10. Chanyshev A.N. Kurs lektsiy po drevney filosofii: Ucheb. posobie dlya filos. fak. i otdeleniy
un-tov. M.: Vyssh. shkola, 1981 [Elektronnyy resurs] // http://philosophy.ru/edu/ref/chanyshev1.html

Аннотация: In order to understand such socio-cultural problems of modern age as globalization, identity crisis, postmodernization, hybridization and others, it is necessary to clarify the logic of formation and development of Modern and Post-Modern values. In order to do it, the of the article discusses the basic approaches to definitions of ‘Modern’ and ‘Post-Modern’ in the theory of philosophy as well as their reflection in the real life.

Ключевые слова: cultural studies, culture, society, modernization, post-modernism, identity, enlightenment, problem, postcolonialism, de colonization.

Библиография:
1. Abdulkarimov G. Teoreticheskie problemy aktual'noy etnopolitiki v Rossii: etnosotsiologiya
modernizatsii sovremennoy Rossii. M. : Ves' Mir, 2008.
2. Alekseeva T.A. Sovremennye politicheskie teorii. M.: ROSSPEN, 2001.
3. Anderson B. Voobrazhaemye soobshchestva. Razmyshlenie ob istokakh i rasprostranenii natsio-
nalizma. M.: Kanon-Press-Ts, 2001.
4. Bek U. Kosmopoliticheskoe obshchestvo i ego vragi // Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsial'noy antro-
pologii. T. VI. № 1 (21). 2003.
5. Bodriyyar Zh. Obshchestvo p otrebleniya. M.: Respublika, 2006.
6. Bodriyyar Zh. Simvolicheskiy obmen i smert'. M.: Dobrosovet, 2000.
7. Bryushkin V.N. K metodologii analiza ponyatiya identichnosti // Identichnost' v kontekste
globalizatsii: Evropa, Rossiya, SShA. Kaliningrad: Izd-vo KGU, 2003.
8. Veber M. Istoriya khozyaystva. Gorod. M.: Kanon-Press-Ts, 2001.
9. Gegel' G.V.F. Filosofiya istorii. SPb: Nauka, 1993.
10. Giddens E. Sotsiologiya. Kurs lektsiy. M.: URRS, 2005.
11. Zarubina N.N. Sotsiologiya khozyaystvennoy zhizni: problemnyy analiz v global'noy perspek-
tive. Uch. posobie. M.: Logos, 2004.
12. Interv'yu s professorom Ul'rikhom Bekom // Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsial'noy antropologii.
T. VI. № 1 (21). 2003.
13. Liotar Zh-R. Sostoyanie postmoderna. M.: Alleteya, 1998.
14. Man'kovskaya N.B. Parizh so zmeyami (Vvedenie v estetiku postmodernizma). M.: Institut
filosofii RAN, 1994.
15. Modernizatsiya: zarubezhnyy opyt i Rossiya. Sb. st. / pod red. P.L. Krasil'shchikova. M.: Infomat,
1994.
16. Parsons T. Sistema sovremennykh obshchestv. M.: Aspekt Press, 1998.
17. Poberezhnikov I.V. Modernizatsiya: teoreticheskie i metodologicheskie problemy //
Ekonomicheskaya istoriya. Obozrenie. Vyp. 7. M., 2001.
18. Sokal A., Brikmon Zh. Intellektual'nye ulovki: kritika sovremennoy filosofii postmo-
derna. M.: Dom intellektual'noy knigi, 2002.
19. Solov'eva A.N. Etnichnost' i kul'tura: problemy diskurs-analiza. Arkh.: KIRA, 2009.
20. Sorokin P. Sotsial'naya i kul'turnaya dinamika: issledovanie izmeneniy v bol'shikh sistemakh
iskusstva, istiny, etiki, prava i ob shchestvennykh otnosheniy. SPb.: RKhGI, 2000.
21. Tlostanova M.V. Ot feminizma tret'ego mira k dekolonizatsii gendernoy filosofii //
Vestnik TGEU. № 1. 2009.
22. Toynbi A. Postizhenie istorii. M.: Progress, 1991.
23. Turen A. Vozvrashchenie deystvuyu shchego cheloveka. Ocherk sotsiologii. M.: Nauchnyy mir, 1998.
24. Fedorova M.M. Modernizm i antimodernizm vo frantsuzskoy politicheskoy mysli XIX veka.
M.: Institut filosofii RAN, 1997.
25. Khabermas Yu. Filosofskiy diskurs o moderne. M.: Ves' mir, 2003.
26. Shemanov A.Yu. Samoidentifikatsiya cheloveka i kul'tura. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2007.
27. Shreder Kh. Globalizatsiya, (de)tsivilizatsiya i moral' // Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsial'noy
antropologii. T. I. № 2 (2). 1998.
28. Alison Dundes Renteln. Relativism and the Search for Human Rights // American Antropologist.
Vol. 90. No.1 (Mar. , 1988).
29. Bell D. The Coming of Post-Industrial Sosiety. A Venture in Sosial Forecasting. New-York: Basic
Books, 1973.
30. Rebok M.G. Civilization and Cultural Identity in Postmodernity. Printed in the Netherlands: Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1998. P. 33 // Rezhim dostupa: http: www.philosophy.ru/lib/fortext [1.12.2009].
31. Tlostanova M.V., Mignolo W.D. Global Coloniality and Decolonial Option // Epistemologies of
Transformation: The Latin American Decolonial Option and its Ramifications. Department of Culture
and Identity. Copenhaguen: Roskilde University, 2009.
32. Tourain A. The Post-Indastrial Sosiety. London: Wildwood House, 1974.
33. Woolcock M. The next 10 years in development studies: From modernization to multiple modernities,
in theory and practice // European Journal of Development Resea rch. Vol. 21, 1, 4-9. 2009.

References (transliteration):
1. Abdulkarimov G. Teoreticheskie problemy aktual'noy etnopolitiki v Rossii: etnosotsiologiya
modernizatsii sovremennoy Rossii. M. : Ves' Mir, 2008.
2. Alekseeva T.A. Sovremennye politicheskie teorii. M.: ROSSPEN, 2001.
3. Anderson B. Voobrazhaemye soobshchestva. Razmyshlenie ob istokakh i rasprostranenii natsio-
nalizma. M.: Kanon-Press-Ts, 2001.
4. Bek U. Kosmopoliticheskoe obshchestvo i ego vragi // Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsial'noy antro-
pologii. T. VI. № 1 (21). 2003.
5. Bodriyyar Zh. Obshchestvo p otrebleniya. M.: Respublika, 2006.
6. Bodriyyar Zh. Simvolicheskiy obmen i smert'. M.: Dobrosovet, 2000.
7. Bryushkin V.N. K metodologii analiza ponyatiya identichnosti // Identichnost' v kontekste
globalizatsii: Evropa, Rossiya, SShA. Kaliningrad: Izd-vo KGU, 2003.
8. Veber M. Istoriya khozyaystva. Gorod. M.: Kanon-Press-Ts, 2001.
9. Gegel' G.V.F. Filosofiya istorii. SPb: Nauka, 1993.
10. Giddens E. Sotsiologiya. Kurs lektsiy. M.: URRS, 2005.
11. Zarubina N.N. Sotsiologiya khozyaystvennoy zhizni: problemnyy analiz v global'noy perspek-
tive. Uch. posobie. M.: Logos, 2004.
12. Interv'yu s professorom Ul'rikhom Bekom // Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsial'noy antropologii.
T. VI. № 1 (21). 2003.
13. Liotar Zh-R. Sostoyanie postmoderna. M.: Alleteya, 1998.
14. Man'kovskaya N.B. Parizh so zmeyami (Vvedenie v estetiku postmodernizma). M.: Institut
filosofii RAN, 1994.
15. Modernizatsiya: zarubezhnyy opyt i Rossiya. Sb. st. / pod red. P.L. Krasil'shchikova. M.: Infomat,
1994.
16. Parsons T. Sistema sovremennykh obshchestv. M.: Aspekt Press, 1998.
17. Poberezhnikov I.V. Modernizatsiya: teoreticheskie i metodologicheskie problemy //
Ekonomicheskaya istoriya. Obozrenie. Vyp. 7. M., 2001.
18. Sokal A., Brikmon Zh. Intellektual'nye ulovki: kritika sovremennoy filosofii postmo-
derna. M.: Dom intellektual'noy knigi, 2002.
19. Solov'eva A.N. Etnichnost' i kul'tura: problemy diskurs-analiza. Arkh.: KIRA, 2009.
20. Sorokin P. Sotsial'naya i kul'turnaya dinamika: issledovanie izmeneniy v bol'shikh sistemakh
iskusstva, istiny, etiki, prava i ob shchestvennykh otnosheniy. SPb.: RKhGI, 2000.
21. Tlostanova M.V. Ot feminizma tret'ego mira k dekolonizatsii gendernoy filosofii //
Vestnik TGEU. № 1. 2009.
22. Toynbi A. Postizhenie istorii. M.: Progress, 1991.
23. Turen A. Vozvrashchenie deystvuyu shchego cheloveka. Ocherk sotsiologii. M.: Nauchnyy mir, 1998.
24. Fedorova M.M. Modernizm i antimodernizm vo frantsuzskoy politicheskoy mysli XIX veka.
M.: Institut filosofii RAN, 1997.
25. Khabermas Yu. Filosofskiy diskurs o moderne. M.: Ves' mir, 2003.
26. Shemanov A.Yu. Samoidentifikatsiya cheloveka i kul'tura. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2007.
27. Shreder Kh. Globalizatsiya, (de)tsivilizatsiya i moral' // Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsial'noy
antropologii. T. I. № 2 (2). 1998.
28. Alison Dundes Renteln. Relativism and the Search for Human Rights // American Antropologist.
Vol. 90. No.1 (Mar. , 1988).
29. Bell D. The Coming of Post-Industrial Sosiety. A Venture in Sosial Forecasting. New-York: Basic
Books, 1973.
30. Rebok M.G. Civilization and Cultural Identity in Postmodernity. Printed in the Netherlands: Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1998. P. 33 // Rezhim dostupa: http: www.philosophy.ru/lib/fortext [1.12.2009].
31. Tlostanova M.V., Mignolo W.D. Global Coloniality and Decolonial Option // Epistemologies of
Transformation: The Latin American Decolonial Option and its Ramifications. Department of Culture
and Identity. Copenhaguen: Roskilde University, 2009.
32. Tourain A. The Post-Indastrial Sosiety. London: Wildwood House, 1974.
33. Woolcock M. The next 10 years in development studies: From modernization to multiple modernities,
in theory and practice // European Journal of Development Resea rch. Vol. 21, 1, 4-9. 2009.

Аннотация: Russian culture which accounts for over thousand years of existence was formed in the epoch of early Middle Age. In this connection, it is important to pay attention at its genesis during which particular typological features were established. Till the middle of the 15th century south was had been the most important vector of the civilization development which was due to the Byzantium and South Slavic influences. After Constantinople fell and the Balkans were conquered by the Turks, Russia turned to the Latin West which has been playing an important role in is development ever since.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, culture, civilization, Russian culture, Byzantine culture, European culture, genesis, typology, multi-vector, multi-factor, westernization.

Библиография:
1. Averintsev S.S. Sofiya-Logos. Slovar'. — Kiev, 2000.
2. Vvedenie khristianstva na Rusi / Otv. red. A.D. Sukhov. — M., 1987.
3. Gromov M.N. Obrazy filosofov v Drevney Rusi. — M., 2010.
4. Gumilev L.N. Drevnyaya Rus' i Velikaya Step'. — M., 1989.
5. Dionisiy Areopagit. Sochineniya. Tolkovaniya Maksima Ispovednika / Per. i prim. G.M. Prokho-
rova. — SPb., 2002.
6. Ikonnikov A.V. Kamennaya letopis' Moskvy. — M., 1978.
7. Kazakova N.A. Zapadnaya Evropa v russkoy pis'mennosti XV-XVI vekov. (Iz istorii mezhdunarodnykh
kul'turnykh svyazey Rossii). — L., 1980.
8. Likhachev D.S. Razvitie russkoy literatury X-XVII vekov. — L., 1973.
9. Nazarenko A.V. Drevnyaya Rus' na mezhdunarodnykh putyakh. — M., 2001.
10. Panchenko A.M. Russkaya kul'tura v kanun petrovskikh reform. — L., 1984.
11. Pashuto V.T., Florya B.N., Khoroshevich A.L. Drevnerusskoe nasledie i istoricheskie sud'by vostoch-
nogo slavyanstva. — M., 1982.
12. Sinitsyna N.V. Tretiy Rim. Istoki i evolyutsiya russkoy srednevekovoy kontseptsii (XV-XVI vv.). —
M., 1998.
13. Takhiaos A.-E. Svyatye Kirill i Mefodiy, prosvetiteli slavyan. — Sergiev Posad, 2005.
14. Udal'tsova Z.V., Shchapov Ya.N., Gutnova E.V., Novosel'tsev A.P. Drevnyaya Rus' — zona vstrechi tsivili-
zatsiy. — M., 1980.
15. Shmurlo E.F. Vostok i Zapad v russkoy istorii. — Yur'ev, 1895.
16. Obolensky D. Byzantium and Slavs: Collected Studies. — London, 1971.
17. Pieper J. Scholastik: Bestalten und Probleme der mittealterlichen Philosophie. 2. Aufl., München, 1986.
18. Russia. Essays in History and Literature / Ed. by L.H. Legter. Leiden, 1972.
19. Stavrou Th.B., Weisensel P.R. Russian Travellers to the Christian East from the Twelfth to the Twentieth
Century. — Columbus, 1986.
20. The Structure of Russian History / Ed. By M. Cherniavsky. — New York, 1970.

References (transliteration):
1. Averintsev S.S. Sofiya-Logos. Slovar'. — Kiev, 2000.
2. Vvedenie khristianstva na Rusi / Otv. red. A.D. Sukhov. — M., 1987.
3. Gromov M.N. Obrazy filosofov v Drevney Rusi. — M., 2010.
4. Gumilev L.N. Drevnyaya Rus' i Velikaya Step'. — M., 1989.
5. Dionisiy Areopagit. Sochineniya. Tolkovaniya Maksima Ispovednika / Per. i prim. G.M. Prokho-
rova. — SPb., 2002.
6. Ikonnikov A.V. Kamennaya letopis' Moskvy. — M., 1978.
7. Kazakova N.A. Zapadnaya Evropa v russkoy pis'mennosti XV-XVI vekov. (Iz istorii mezhdunarodnykh
kul'turnykh svyazey Rossii). — L., 1980.
8. Likhachev D.S. Razvitie russkoy literatury X-XVII vekov. — L., 1973.
9. Nazarenko A.V. Drevnyaya Rus' na mezhdunarodnykh putyakh. — M., 2001.
10. Panchenko A.M. Russkaya kul'tura v kanun petrovskikh reform. — L., 1984.
11. Pashuto V.T., Florya B.N., Khoroshevich A.L. Drevnerusskoe nasledie i istoricheskie sud'by vostoch-
nogo slavyanstva. — M., 1982.
12. Sinitsyna N.V. Tretiy Rim. Istoki i evolyutsiya russkoy srednevekovoy kontseptsii (XV-XVI vv.). —
M., 1998.
13. Takhiaos A.-E. Svyatye Kirill i Mefodiy, prosvetiteli slavyan. — Sergiev Posad, 2005.
14. Udal'tsova Z.V., Shchapov Ya.N., Gutnova E.V., Novosel'tsev A.P. Drevnyaya Rus' — zona vstrechi tsivili-
zatsiy. — M., 1980.
15. Shmurlo E.F. Vostok i Zapad v russkoy istorii. — Yur'ev, 1895.
16. Obolensky D. Byzantium and Slavs: Collected Studies. — London, 1971.
17. Pieper J. Scholastik: Bestalten und Probleme der mittealterlichen Philosophie. 2. Aufl., München, 1986.
18. Russia. Essays in History and Literature / Ed. by L.H. Legter. Leiden, 1972.
19. Stavrou Th.B., Weisensel P.R. Russian Travellers to the Christian East from the Twelfth to the Twentieth
Century. — Columbus, 1986.
20. The Structure of Russian History / Ed. By M. Cherniavsky. — New York, 1970.

Аннотация: The name of Pont de Nemours associates with the spread of physiocratic ideas in Europe. The first major success was reached when the French government made a step from mercantile politics defending interests of manufacturers, to stimulation of national agriculture farming. However, very soon this measure was canceled. Representatives of the physiocratic teaching found their followers in Switzerland, Sweden and a number of other countries. Attempts to get Ekaterina the Great interested was a failure. Russia was strengthening its positions in the world as a result of military success of Orlov, Suvorov, Rumyantsev. The peasant servage only developed. The most active and bold peasants ran away to the South and East an djoined Kazakhs there. The Tsar government had enough power to struggle with both foreign enemies and to keep the peasants serve. The dispute between followers of physiocratic teaching whether a free game of market laws or this or another form of the state regulation was more effective for national economy was started again in Russia during the rule of Eltsin. Eltsin ‘shocking therapy’ led to heavy losses in economy and a catastrophic fall of living standards. Eltsin’s successor, Putin, renewed the forms of state control which were appropriate for the Russian economy. Lock’s successor, Pont de Nemours established theoretical grounds for the bourgeois idea of sovereignty and opposed it to the feudal conception of the divine origin of a King.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, Pont de Nemours, Enlightenment, servage, despotism, market, competition, Munnich, Orlov, Suvorov.

Библиография:
1. Bibliya. M: Izdanie Moskovskoy Patriarkhii, 1992. 1372 s.
2. Bekon F. Soch. v 2-kh tt. T. 1-2. M.: Mysl', 1971-1972.
3. Kene F., Tyurgo A., Dyupon de Nemur P. Fiziokraty. Izbrannye ekonomicheskie proizvedeniya. M.:
EKSMO, 2008. 1200 s.
4. Klyuchevskiy V.O. Soch. v 9-i tt. T. 5. M.: Mysl', 1989. 479 s.
5. Kostomarov N.I. Russkaya istoriya v zhizneopisaniyakh ee glavneyshikh deyateley. Kniga 2. M.: EKSMO,
2004. 958 s.
6. Mikhaylov O.N. Suvorov. M.: ITRK, 2003. 624 s.
7. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Fransua Kene — rodonachal'nik fiziokratii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010.
№ 7. S. 83-104.
8. Pushkin A.S. Soch. v 3-kh tt. T. 1. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1985. 736 s.
9. Sakharov A.N., Bokhanov A. N. Istoriya Rossii XVII-XIX veka. M.: Russkoe slovo, 2008. 480 s.

References (transliteration):
1. Bibliya. M: Izdanie Moskovskoy Patriarkhii, 1992. 1372 s.
2. Bekon F. Soch. v 2-kh tt. T. 1-2. M.: Mysl', 1971-1972.
3. Kene F., Tyurgo A., Dyupon de Nemur P. Fiziokraty. Izbrannye ekonomicheskie proizvedeniya. M.:
EKSMO, 2008. 1200 s.
4. Klyuchevskiy V.O. Soch. v 9-i tt. T. 5. M.: Mysl', 1989. 479 s.
5. Kostomarov N.I. Russkaya istoriya v zhizneopisaniyakh ee glavneyshikh deyateley. Kniga 2. M.: EKSMO,
2004. 958 s.
6. Mikhaylov O.N. Suvorov. M.: ITRK, 2003. 624 s.
7. Mikhalenko Yu.P. Fransua Kene — rodonachal'nik fiziokratii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010.
№ 7. S. 83-104.
8. Pushkin A.S. Soch. v 3-kh tt. T. 1. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1985. 736 s.
9. Sakharov A.N., Bokhanov A. N. Istoriya Rossii XVII-XIX veka. M.: Russkoe slovo, 2008. 480 s.

Аннотация: The problem of finiteness of human existence was deeply considered by Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida who became interested in this sphere during the last period of development of his philosophy. Levinas assumed that in the face of Infinity human can actually go beyond the course of history due to his inner feeling of time and parental qualities. Derrida was greatly influenced by Levinas’ ideas but at the same time he interpreted the problem of finality of human from the point of view of his grammatology. He spoke that human was constantly striving for survival which expressed itself at an existential level, in leaving traces and a constant dialogue with a cultural tradition.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, Emmanuel Levinas, Jacques Derrida, existence, being, finite, infinite, human, culture, religion.

Библиография:
1. Avtonomova N.S. Poznanie i perevod. M., 2008.
2. Vdovina I.S. Fenomenologiya vo Frantsii. M., 2009.
3. Gurevich P.S. Problema tselostnosti cheloveka. M., 2004.
4. Levinas E. Dieu, la mort et le temps. P., 1993.
5. Derrida J. Adieu à Emmanuel Lévinas. Paris, 1997.
6. Derrida J. Foi et savoir suivi de Le Siècle et le Pardon. Paris, 2000.
7. Derrida J. Learning to Live Finally. Houndmills; N.Y., 2007.
8. Derrida J. Negotiations. Stanford, 2002.
9. Levinas E. Totality and Infinity. An Essay on Exteriority. Pittsburg, 1998.

References (transliteration):
1. Avtonomova N.S. Poznanie i perevod. M., 2008.
2. Vdovina I.S. Fenomenologiya vo Frantsii. M., 2009.
3. Gurevich P.S. Problema tselostnosti cheloveka. M., 2004.
4. Levinas E. Dieu, la mort et le temps. P., 1993.
5. Derrida J. Adieu à Emmanuel Lévinas. Paris, 1997.
6. Derrida J. Foi et savoir suivi de Le Siècle et le Pardon. Paris, 2000.
7. Derrida J. Learning to Live Finally. Houndmills; N.Y., 2007.
8. Derrida J. Negotiations. Stanford, 2002.
9. Levinas E. Totality and Infinity. An Essay on Exteriority. Pittsburg, 1998.

Аннотация: The author of the article views Henri Bergson’s philosophy as an actual negotiation of the Hegel Philosophy. Based on the author, Bergson’s philosophy directly or indirectly contribute to the development of philosophy in the 19th century. The concept of duration proposed by the French philosopher allowed to overcome the irrationality of the Hegel rationalism and to start moving to the new dimension of the metaphysical explanation of the world based on the conception of the process duration.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, metaphysics, archetype, rationality, irrationality, Hegel, Bergson, science, positivism, contradiction

Контактная информация: Ermolaev Ilyas Abdusalamovich, ermolaev1963@gmail.com

Библиография:
Bergson A. Dlitel'nost' i odnovremennost'. M.: Dobrosvet, 2006.
Bergson A. Tvorcheskaya evolyutsiya. Materiya i pamyat'. M.: Kharvest, 2001.
Blauberg I.I. Anri Bergson. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2003.
Vernadskiy V.I. O nauchnom mirovozzrenii // Voprosy filosofii i psikhologii. – M., 1902.
– god XIII, kn. 65 (V).
Ermolaeva V.E., Ermolaev I.A. Filosofiya velikoy lichnosti. Syktyvkar, 2007.
Zotov A.F. Sovremennaya zapadnaya filosofiya: uchebnik. – M.: Vysshaya shkola, 2001.
Koyre A. Ocherki razvitiya filosofskoy mysli M.: Progress, 1985.
Kurdyumov S.P., Knyazeva E. N. Kvantovye pravila nelineynogo sinteza koevolyutsioniruyushchikh
struktur // Filosofiya, nauka, tsivilizatsiya / pod red. V.V. Kazyutinskogo. M., 1999.
Stepin B.C. Teoreticheskoe znanie. M., 2000.
Yung K.G. Bog i bessoznatel'noe. M., 1998.

References (transliteration):
Bergson A. Dlitel'nost' i odnovremennost'. M.: Dobrosvet, 2006.
Bergson A. Tvorcheskaya evolyutsiya. Materiya i pamyat'. M.: Kharvest, 2001.
Blauberg I.I. Anri Bergson. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2003.
Vernadskiy V.I. O nauchnom mirovozzrenii // Voprosy filosofii i psikhologii. – M., 1902.
– god XIII, kn. 65 (V).
Ermolaeva V.E., Ermolaev I.A. Filosofiya velikoy lichnosti. Syktyvkar, 2007.
Zotov A.F. Sovremennaya zapadnaya filosofiya: uchebnik. – M.: Vysshaya shkola, 2001.
Koyre A. Ocherki razvitiya filosofskoy mysli M.: Progress, 1985.
Kurdyumov S.P., Knyazeva E. N. Kvantovye pravila nelineynogo sinteza koevolyutsioniruyushchikh
struktur // Filosofiya, nauka, tsivilizatsiya / pod red. V.V. Kazyutinskogo. M., 1999.
Stepin B.C. Teoreticheskoe znanie. M., 2000.
Yung K.G. Bog i bessoznatel'noe. M., 1998.

Аннотация: the article is devoted to the concept of symbol, as established by F. Schelling based on critical analysis of views of Kant and the Romantics. The key idea is to show the difference between the words of similar meaning – allegory, scheme, symbol.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, symbol, allegory, scheme, myth, fantasy, imagination, spiritual contemplation, culture, mythology

Контактная информация: Spirova, Elvira Maratovna, elvira-spirova@mail.ru

Библиография:
Gulyga A. Shelling. Filosofskie biografii. M., 1994.
Losev A.F. Forma. Stil'. Vyrazhenie. M., 1995.
Shelling F.V.Y. Sistema transtsendental'nogo idealizma. L., 1936.
Shelling F.V.Y. Soch. v dvukh tomakh. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1987.
Shelling F.V.Y. Sochineniya v dvukh tomakh. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Shelling F.V.Y. Filosofiya iskusstva. M., 196

References (transliteration):
Gulyga A. Shelling. Filosofskie biografii. M., 1994.
Losev A.F. Forma. Stil'. Vyrazhenie. M., 1995.
Shelling F.V.Y. Sistema transtsendental'nogo idealizma. L., 1936.
Shelling F.V.Y. Soch. v dvukh tomakh. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1987.
Shelling F.V.Y. Sochineniya v dvukh tomakh. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Shelling F.V.Y. Filosofiya iskusstva. M., 196

Аннотация: Francois Quesnay developed a concrete system of economy, philosophy and politics during French Enlightenment. Later Marx said it had been the prerequisite of the French Revolution. Marx also admitted Quesnay to be the founder of political economy of the New Time. Adam Smith also based on physiocratic teachings about economy when developing his English version of political economy

Ключевые слова: philosophy, politics, economy, Marxism, Adam Smith, physiocracy, revolution, bourgeois, enlightenment, French

Контактная информация: Mikhalenko Yury Petrovich, (495) 697-89-96

Библиография:
Istoriya Frantsii / sostavitel' A.R. Andreev. M.: Kraft, 2009. 464s.
Kene F., Tyurgo A., Dyupon de Nemur P. Fiziokraty. Izbrannye ekonomicheskie proizvedeniya. M.: EKSMO, 2008. 1200 s.
Marks K. Kapital. T. 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949. V, 794 c.
Marks K. Kapital. T. 2. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949. IV, 530 s.
Marks K. K kritike politicheskoy ekonomii. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949. 270 s.
Marks K. Teorii pribavochnoy stoimosti. T. 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955. XIV, 440 s.
Morua A. Istoriya Frantsii. SPb.: Gumanitarnaya akademiya, 2008. Perevod s frantsuzskogo. 352 s.
Nekrasov N. Izbrannoe. M.: EKSMO, 2006. 606 s.
Smit A. Issledovanie o prirode i prichinakh bogatstva narodov. (Kratko: Bogatstvo narodov). M.-L.: Sotsekgiz, 1935. T. 1, 2. 371 s., 475 s.
T'erri O. Izbrannye sochineniya / perevod s frants. M.: Ogiz, 1937. XXVI, 438 s.

References (transliteration):
Istoriya Frantsii / sostavitel' A.R. Andreev. M.: Kraft, 2009. 464s.
Kene F., Tyurgo A., Dyupon de Nemur P. Fiziokraty. Izbrannye ekonomicheskie proizvedeniya. M.: EKSMO, 2008. 1200 s.
Marks K. Kapital. T. 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949. V, 794 c.
Marks K. Kapital. T. 2. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949. IV, 530 s.
Marks K. K kritike politicheskoy ekonomii. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1949. 270 s.
Marks K. Teorii pribavochnoy stoimosti. T. 1. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955. XIV, 440 s.
Morua A. Istoriya Frantsii. SPb.: Gumanitarnaya akademiya, 2008. Perevod s frantsuzskogo. 352 s.
Nekrasov N. Izbrannoe. M.: EKSMO, 2006. 606 s.
Smit A. Issledovanie o prirode i prichinakh bogatstva narodov. (Kratko: Bogatstvo narodov). M.-L.: Sotsekgiz, 1935. T. 1, 2. 371 s., 475 s.
T'erri O. Izbrannye sochineniya / perevod s frants. M.: Ogiz, 1937. XXVI, 438 s.

Аннотация: Based on the studies of the archives, the author dispels certain myths about V. P. Sventsitsky’s biography. The article describes the genesis of his relations with Russian religious philosophers of the beginning of the 20th century and evident influence on the latter. It is the first description of the Christian preacher’s contribution to theology and philosophy. The author also gives a full insight into Sventsitsky’s basic ideas and teaching including the social program and teaching about freedom and eschatology. The author speaks of the need to include Sventsitsky in encyclopedias and to study his teachings at higher schools.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, Sventsitsky, freedom, creativity, power, war, eschatology, theology, Christianity, sociality

Контактная информация: Chertkov Sergey Valentinovich, nemanser@yandex.ru

Библиография:
Berdyaev N. Aleksey Stepanovich Khomyakov. M., 1912.
Berdyaev N. Iz psikhologii russkoy intelligentsii // Moskovskiy ezhenedel'nik. 1907. № 42.
Berdyaev N. Novoe religioznoe soznanie i obshchestvennost'. M., 1999. 464 s.
Berdyaev N. O «levosti» i «pravosti» // Birzhevye vedomosti. 1915. 16 iyulya.
Berdyaev N. O naznachenii cheloveka. M., 1993.
Berdyaev N. Religiya voskresheniya // Russkaya mysl'. 1915. № 7.
Berdyaev N. Samopoznanie (Opyt filosofskoy avtobiografii). M., 1991. 448 s.
Berdyaev N. Smysl istorii. Novoe srednevekov'e. M., 2002. 448 s.
Berdyaev N. Filosofiya svobody. Smysl tvorchestva. M., 198607 s.9.
Berdyaev N. Filosofiya tvorchestva, kul'tury i iskusstva. T. 1. M., 1994. 542 s.
Vekhi: Sbornik statey o russkoy intelligentsii. M., 1990. 216 s.
Vzyskuyushchie grada: Khronika chastnoy zhizni russkikh religioznykh filosofov v pis'makh i dnevnikakh. M., 1997.
Gippius Z. Zhivye litsa. Tb., 1991. 384 s.
Gollerbakh E. K nezrimomu gradu. SPb., 2000. 560 s.
Il'in I. Sochineniya v dvukh tomakh. T. 1. M., 1993. 512 s.
Imperiya i religiya. SPb., 2006. 280 s.
Merezhkovskiy D. Polnoe sobr. soch.: V 24 t. M., 1914. T. 1.
Novyy zhurnal. 2007. № 246.
Nosov A. K tsenzurnoy istorii religiozno-obshchestvennoy pechati (1905-1906 gg.) // Voprosy filosofii. 1996. № 3. S. 35–38.
Nosov A. Ot «solov'evskikh obedov» — k religiozno-filosofskomu obshchestvu // Voprosy filosofii. 1999. № 6. S. 85–98.
Osnovy sotsial'noy kontseptsii Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi. M., 2000.
Rozanov V. Okolo narodnoy dushi. M., 2003. 447 s.
Sventsitskiy V. Sobranie sochineniy. T. 1. M., 2008. 800 s.; T. 2. M., 2010. 752 s.
Firsov S. Russkaya Tserkov' nakanune peremen (konets 1890-kh—1918 gg.). M. , 2002. 624 s.
Florovskiy G. Khristianstvo i tsivilizatsiya. SPb., 2005. 862 s.
Sherrer Yu. V poiskakh «khristianskogo sotsializma» v Rossii // Voprosy filosofii. 2000. № 12.
26. S. 88–135.

References (transliteration):
Berdyaev N. Aleksey Stepanovich Khomyakov. M., 1912.
Berdyaev N. Iz psikhologii russkoy intelligentsii // Moskovskiy ezhenedel'nik. 1907. № 42.
Berdyaev N. Novoe religioznoe soznanie i obshchestvennost'. M., 1999. 464 s.
Berdyaev N. O «levosti» i «pravosti» // Birzhevye vedomosti. 1915. 16 iyulya.
Berdyaev N. O naznachenii cheloveka. M., 1993.
Berdyaev N. Religiya voskresheniya // Russkaya mysl'. 1915. № 7.
Berdyaev N. Samopoznanie (Opyt filosofskoy avtobiografii). M., 1991. 448 s.
Berdyaev N. Smysl istorii. Novoe srednevekov'e. M., 2002. 448 s.
Berdyaev N. Filosofiya svobody. Smysl tvorchestva. M., 198607 s.9.
Berdyaev N. Filosofiya tvorchestva, kul'tury i iskusstva. T. 1. M., 1994. 542 s.
Vekhi: Sbornik statey o russkoy intelligentsii. M., 1990. 216 s.
Vzyskuyushchie grada: Khronika chastnoy zhizni russkikh religioznykh filosofov v pis'makh i dnevnikakh. M., 1997.
Gippius Z. Zhivye litsa. Tb., 1991. 384 s.
Gollerbakh E. K nezrimomu gradu. SPb., 2000. 560 s.
Il'in I. Sochineniya v dvukh tomakh. T. 1. M., 1993. 512 s.
Imperiya i religiya. SPb., 2006. 280 s.
Merezhkovskiy D. Polnoe sobr. soch.: V 24 t. M., 1914. T. 1.
Novyy zhurnal. 2007. № 246.
Nosov A. K tsenzurnoy istorii religiozno-obshchestvennoy pechati (1905-1906 gg.) // Voprosy filosofii. 1996. № 3. S. 35–38.
Nosov A. Ot «solov'evskikh obedov» — k religiozno-filosofskomu obshchestvu // Voprosy filosofii. 1999. № 6. S. 85–98.
Osnovy sotsial'noy kontseptsii Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi. M., 2000.
Rozanov V. Okolo narodnoy dushi. M., 2003. 447 s.
Sventsitskiy V. Sobranie sochineniy. T. 1. M., 2008. 800 s.; T. 2. M., 2010. 752 s.
Firsov S. Russkaya Tserkov' nakanune peremen (konets 1890-kh—1918 gg.). M. , 2002. 624 s.
Florovskiy G. Khristianstvo i tsivilizatsiya. SPb., 2005. 862 s.
Sherrer Yu. V poiskakh «khristianskogo sotsializma» v Rossii // Voprosy filosofii. 2000. № 12.
26. S. 88–135.

Аннотация: Having gone through mythological and philosophical stages of formation, Tyche’s image now symbolizes the spontaneous life of both cosmos and society. However, for a wise man this image is an essential condition of self-improvement and way to find stability and self-concentration in our unpredictable world.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, accident, fate, polis, nomination, happiness, teleology, providence, mind

Контактная информация: Rodzinskiy Dmitriy Leonidovich, Rodzinskiy66@mail.ru

Библиография:
Asmus V.F. Antichnaya filosofiya. M., 1976.
Boetsiy. «Uteshenie filosofiey» i drugie traktaty. M., 1990.
Goran V.P. Drevnegrecheskaya mifologema sud'by. Novosibirsk, 1990.
Lur'e S.Ya. Demokrit: Teksty. Perevody. Issledovaniya. L., 1970.
Mark Avreliy A. Razmyshleniya. SPb., 1993.
Fukidid. Istoriya. M., 1993.
Tsitseron. Filosofskie traktaty. M., 1985.
All egre F. Etude sur la deess e grecque Tuche. Paris , 1889. P. 2-7.

References (transliteration):
Asmus V.F. Antichnaya filosofiya. M., 1976.
Boetsiy. «Uteshenie filosofiey» i drugie traktaty. M., 1990.
Goran V.P. Drevnegrecheskaya mifologema sud'by. Novosibirsk, 1990.
Lur'e S.Ya. Demokrit: Teksty. Perevody. Issledovaniya. L., 1970.
Mark Avreliy A. Razmyshleniya. SPb., 1993.
Fukidid. Istoriya. M., 1993.
Tsitseron. Filosofskie traktaty. M., 1985.
All egre F. Etude sur la deess e grecque Tuche. Paris , 1889. P. 2-7.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the basic image of Antique philosophical perception of the world, - Universal Mind. The author studied how the conception of the Universal Mind changed from one philosopher to another. By doing so, the author clearly showed the ontological development of views on the Universal Mind as well as demonstrated how it influenced formation of ethical and intellectual virtues of wise men.

Ключевые слова: mind, nous, fate, virtue, cosmos, consciousness, wise man, Demiurge, element of nature, stoicism

Контактная информация: Rodzinskiy Dmitriy Leonidovich, Rodzinskiy66@mail.ru

Библиография:
Lur'e S.Ya. Ocherki po istorii antichnoy nauki. Gretsiya epokhi rastsveta. M.-L., 1947.
Makovel'skiy A.O. Drevnegrecheskie atomisty. Baku, 1946.
Makovel'skiy A.O. Sofisty. Baku, 1940-1941. Vyp. 1.
Marin. Prokl, ili O schast'e // Diogen Laertskiy. O zhizni, ucheniyakh i izrecheniyakh znamenitykh filosofov. M., 1986.
Kessidi F.Kh. Ot mifa k logosu. M., 1972.

References (transliteration):
Lur'e S.Ya. Ocherki po istorii antichnoy nauki. Gretsiya epokhi rastsveta. M.-L., 1947.
Makovel'skiy A.O. Drevnegrecheskie atomisty. Baku, 1946.
Makovel'skiy A.O. Sofisty. Baku, 1940-1941. Vyp. 1.
Marin. Prokl, ili O schast'e // Diogen Laertskiy. O zhizni, ucheniyakh i izrecheniyakh znamenitykh filosofov. M., 1986.
Kessidi F.Kh. Ot mifa k logosu. M., 1972.

Аннотация: The author of the article evidently proved that will is a transcendental function between visible and invisible realities. According to the author, manifestation of ‘visible reality’ is kushism and ‘invisible’ reality displays itself in iranism. Kushism sumbolizes the principle of necessity or ‘necessity’ of birth and existence. On the contrary, iranism is a symbol of freedom and creation.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, Iranism, Kushism, archetype, unconsciousness, myth, symbol, metaphysics, hierophania, numinous

Контактная информация: Granin Roman Sergeevich, grrom@mail.ru

Библиография:
Berdyaev N.A. A.S. Khomyakov. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 2005. — 240 s.
Berdyaev N.A. Khomyakov i Svyashch. Florenskiy // Tipy religioznoy mysli v Rossii. — Parizh: Ymca-press, 1989. — 714 s.
Genon R. Simvoly svyashchennoy nauki. — M.: Belovod'e, 2002. — 496 s.
Kerimov V.I. Istoriosofiya A.S. Khomyakova. // Novoe v zhizni, nauke, tekhnike. Izd. Znanie, — M., 1989. № 5. — S. 64.
Khomyakov A.S. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy T. I-VIII. M., 1904-1914.
Khomyakov A.S. «Semiramida» (Issledovanie istiny istoricheskikh idey) // Sochineniya v dvukh tomakh. T. I. Vst. st., sost., podg. teksta i prim. Koshelev V.A., Serebrennikov N.V, Chernov A.V. — M., 1994 — 590 s.
Eliade M. Aspekty mifa. Akadem. proekt, — M., 1995. — 224 s.
Entsiklopediya Simvolov. Ast, Sova, — M., 2007. — 1008 s.
Entsiklopediya okkul'tizma. T. I, II. Avers, M., 1992. Tom I — 208 s., Tom II — 208 s.
Yung K.G., Keren'i K. Dusha i mif: shest' arkhetipov. Gos. bibl. Ukr. Dlya yunoshestva, 1996. — 384 s.
Yung K.G. Psikhologiya i alkhimiya. — M.: Ast Moskva, 2008. — 603 s.
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References (transliteration):
Berdyaev N.A. A.S. Khomyakov. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 2005. — 240 s.
Berdyaev N.A. Khomyakov i Svyashch. Florenskiy // Tipy religioznoy mysli v Rossii. — Parizh: Ymca-press, 1989. — 714 s.
Genon R. Simvoly svyashchennoy nauki. — M.: Belovod'e, 2002. — 496 s.
Kerimov V.I. Istoriosofiya A.S. Khomyakova. // Novoe v zhizni, nauke, tekhnike. Izd. Znanie, — M., 1989. № 5. — S. 64.
Khomyakov A.S. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy T. I-VIII. M., 1904-1914.
Khomyakov A.S. «Semiramida» (Issledovanie istiny istoricheskikh idey) // Sochineniya v dvukh tomakh. T. I. Vst. st., sost., podg. teksta i prim. Koshelev V.A., Serebrennikov N.V, Chernov A.V. — M., 1994 — 590 s.
Eliade M. Aspekty mifa. Akadem. proekt, — M., 1995. — 224 s.
Entsiklopediya Simvolov. Ast, Sova, — M., 2007. — 1008 s.
Entsiklopediya okkul'tizma. T. I, II. Avers, M., 1992. Tom I — 208 s., Tom II — 208 s.
Yung K.G., Keren'i K. Dusha i mif: shest' arkhetipov. Gos. bibl. Ukr. Dlya yunoshestva, 1996. — 384 s.
Yung K.G. Psikhologiya i alkhimiya. — M.: Ast Moskva, 2008. — 603 s.
check

Аннотация: The article is dedicated to the memory of the French ethnologist and anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss who died on October 30, 2009 in Paris. The author analyzed the main ideas of Levi-Strauss’ conception of myths as a type of speech described in his work ‘Mythologiques I-IV’. The author also studied the influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau on Claude Levi-Strauss’ views. It is underlined that the French philosopher made a great contribution to development of anthropology and philosophy.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, myth, Rousseau, Claude Levi-Strauss

Контактная информация: Ryklin Mikhail Kuzmich, nb-media@mail.ru

Аннотация: The author of the article evidently proved the social and cultural priority of the anthropic principle of formation and proportioning in learning proportions and harmonic relations. The article also covers the particular features of anthropic principles, measures and unit measures in different cultural ethnos, architecture and culture of Old Russia. The author also made an attempt to justify the existence of the universal law lying in the basis of the human body’s proportions.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, anthropic principle of formation and proportioning in ancient times, antique culture, other cultural and ethical systems. Old Russian anthropic measurement systems, systems of anthropic module proportioning

Контактная информация: Lipov Anatoliy Nikolaevich, nb-media@mail.ru

Аннотация: Review: around the world D. I. Mendeleev is known as a chemist and the periodic law author. But he also devoted himself to geophysics, metallurgy industry, agriculture, economics, teaching and even metrology… He resembles M. V. Lomonosov in his versatile personality. Like Lomonosov, Mendeelev also talked about philosophy which he considered to be an ideological synthesis and spiritual guide. His philosophical views are not well studied yet but they are undoubtedly a very significant part of Russian philosophy.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, chemistry, natural science, spiritualism, religion, gnoseology, world perception, realism, dialectics

Аннотация: Review: in the history of the Western Christian religion the name ‘Calvin’ associates with the term ‘destination’ as directly as the name “Bacon” associates with the expression ‘knowledge is the power’, Descartes with cogito, Hegel with dialectic and Nietzsche with ‘superman’ in the history of Western philosophy. The article discusses different aspects of Jean Calvin’s theology and his influence on European culture

Ключевые слова: philosophy, providentialism, destination, theology, faith, fate, course, despondency, pride

Аннотация: Review: the article is devoted to historicism as the method of learning the evolution of law. The author covered some ideas related to law and philosophy and analyzed some philosophers’ views

Ключевые слова: philosophy, historicism, evolution, revolution, law, poverty, romanticism, idea, natural, theory

Контактная информация: Sorokina Yulia Vladimirovna, yulia_sor@mail.ru

Аннотация: Review: the article defines the “iconic” figures we often recall when we philosophize about everyday life. Researchers of common life such as Foucault, Deleuze, Derrida and Bourdieu, were greatly influenced by Marx. According to the author, modern authors admire all forms of everyday life. The author analyzed Nietzsche’s revolution against Everyday life and noted that post-modernists viewed common life as a “remainder” which is left after industrial, political and ideological phenomena.
Key words: philosophy, everyday life, human worlds, post-modernism, individual, being, power, commonness, meta textuality.

Контактная информация: Davtyan, N. A., nb-media@mail.ru

Аннотация: the article is interpreting the origins of bourgeois philosophy in respect to its classical authors, Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). Their theories reflected the period when England, advanced European country in the 17th century, moved from feudalism to capitalism. That period in economy was the epoch of the initial capitalistic “accumulation”, very similar to the times of the “wild” capitalism in Russia back in 1990s under the government of Boris Eltsin. Eltsin’s “wild” capitalism is still remembered by Russians for its tough social consequences which are not fully overcome even now. Discussions in classical philosophy devoted to the “labour pains” of the bourgeois society will be certainly of interest to thoughtful readers.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, Enlightenment, knowledge, science, natural sciences, history, Renaissance, philosopher, activity, Marxism.

Контактная информация: Mikhalenko Yurij Petrovich, yurijmikhajlenko@yandex.ru

Аннотация: The article is some kind of a philosophical excursus into Milan Kundera’s works. Thinking with the Czech writer and being oriented at the existential canon, the author discussed the semantic nuances of a number of fundamental metaphysical ideas: transcendency, transcendentality and immanence; subjectivity and objectivity; eternity, immortality and eternal come back.

Ключевые слова: Milan Kundera, of this world, transcendency, transcendentality, immanence, subjectivity, objectivity, eternity, immortality, eternal come back.

Контактная информация: Fatenkov, A. N., nb-media@mail.ru

Аннотация: Losev’s life journey and career is interesting in many ways for us, the witnesses of collapse of the Soviet government and now living in a completely different social environment. His life is exemplary for pre-revolutionary intelligentsia who, by disposition of Providence, experienced proletarian dictatorship and had to either immigrate or somehow to adjust to the new conditions.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to Hegel’s book “Phenomenology of Spirit” written by the great philosopher at the peak of the French Revolution. The author of the article discussed Hegel’s main views on philosophical learning as the absolute truth and self-conscious subject as the “maker” of history.

Аннотация: Most of the works of W. Pauli on theoretical physics give us only a hint of the philosophical “soil” on which they flourished. If one would try to find the philosophical position of Pauli, one could think that he was utterly rational and skeptical. However, one would also find that he had deep interest for the unclear and unknown spheres of reality and of the human soul…