Аннотация: The art of the 20th century remarkably differs from the art life of the previous centuries. In her article Martynova discusses the most significant cultural phenomena that created the image of the century. Undoubtedly, surrealism was the prevailing genre in art in the first half of the 20th century. Firstly, despite its radical nature, surrealism has an extremely rich genealogy. Secondly, surrealists managed to develop a clear art concept. Thirdly, philosophy of post-modernism, the main movement of the second half of the 20th century, was based on the ideology of surrealism.
In her article Martynova has made an attempt to analyze the main art movements of the early 20th century from the point of view of their influence on the development of surrealism. The article is devoted to the genesis of surrealism and provides a detailed description of this cultural phenomenon. There are parts of the article devoted to aesthetics of surrealism, literary and philosophical grounds of surrealism and there is also the part of the article that describes the particular influence of previous art concepts on the development of surrealism. Even though surrealism was a quite original art movement, methodology of surrealism reflected the new interpretation of previous art concepts and therefore was based on findings of these art concepts.
Moreover, surrealist theoretical opinions were based on rather incompatible literary and philosophical sources which created versatility and paradoxes of surrealism.
Ключевые слова: surrealism, symbolism, constructivism, futurism, expressionism, dadaism, aesthetics, phenomenology, existentialism, psychoanalysis
Библиография:
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Azizyan I.A. Simvolistskie istoki avangarda. Simvol v poetike avangarda. // Simvolizm v avangarde. M.,2003. – S.23-33
Antologiya frantsuzskogo syurrealizma. 20-e gody. M., 1994
Bazilevskiy A. Deformatsiya v estetike syurrealizma i ekspressionizma.// Syurrealizm i avangard. Materialy rossiysko-frantsuzskogo kollokviuma, sostoyavshegosya v Institute mirovoy literatury. M., 1999.-S. 33-46
Balashova T. Mnogolikiy avangard.// Syurrealizm i avangard. Materialy rossiysko-frantsuzskogo kollokviuma, sostoyavshegosya v Institute mirovoy literatury. M., 1999.-S. 22-33
Busev M. Kollazh: ot kubizma k syurrealizmu.// Syurrealizm i avangard. Materialy rossiysko-frantsuzskogo kollokviuma, sostoyavshegosya v Institute mirovoy literatury. M., 1999.-S. 98-105
Gal'tsova E.D. Aspekty osvoeniya zhivopisi simvolizma v estetike Andre Bretona: sluchay Gyustava Moro.// Simvolizm v avangarde. M.,2003.–S.380-391
Dadaizm v Tsyurikhe, Berline, Gannovere i Kel'ne: Teksty, illyustratsii, dokumenty. Otv. red. K. Shuman. M., 2002
Dubin S. Syurrealizm v kontekste avangarda: kriterii chernogo yumora.// Syurrealizm i avangard. Materialy rossiysko-frantsuzskogo kollokviuma, sostoyavshegosya v Institute mirovoy literatury. M., 1999.-S. 54-64
Kaptereva T. Dadaizm i syurrealizm.// Modernizm. Analiz i kritika osnovnykh napravleniy. M., 1987. – S.185-214
Krauss R. Fotograficheskaya obuslovlennost' syurrealizma // Poeziya i kritika, vyp. 1, SPb., 1994;http://www.vavilon.ru/metatext/p_and_c/krauss.html
Kulikova I.S. Syurrealizm v iskusstve. M., 1970
Kshitsova D. Stil' modern – fenomen integratsii i dezintegratsii simvolizma i avangarda. // Simvolizm v avangarde. M.,2003.–S.51-66
Na grani tysyacheletiy. Sud'ba traditsiy v iskusstve XX v. M., 1994
Pake M. Rene Magritt. 1898-1967. Mysl', izobrazhennaya na polotne. M.,2002
Rene Magritt: al'bom/ Avt.-sost. L.A.D'yakov.-M., 1998
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Smolin A.A. Syurrealizm kak kvintessentsiya real'nogo i sverkhreal'nogo. Avtoreferat dis. na soiskanie uchen. stepeni kand. filosofskikh nauk. Barnaul, 2005
Turchin V.S. Po labirintam avangarda. M., 1993
Fuko M. Eto ne trubka. M., 1999
Khofman V. Osnovy sovremennogo iskusstva. Sankt-Peterburg, 2004
Shen'e-Zhandron Zh. Ponyatie poeticheskogo sub'ekta v tvorchestve syurrealistov i avangardistov. Problemy metodologii.// Syurrealizm i avangard. Materialy rossiysko-frantsuzskogo kollokviuma, sostoyavshegosya v Institute mirovoy literatury. M., 1999.-S. 9-22
Shen'e-Zhandron, Zh. Syurrealizm. M.,2002
Yakimovich A K. Realizmy dvadtsatogo veka: al'bom. M., 2000
Yakimovich A.K. Dvadtsatyy vek. Iskusstvo. Kul'tura. Kartina mira: ot impressionizma do klassicheskogo avangarda. M., 2003
Alquie F. The philosophy of Surrealism. The University of Michigan Press,1965
Balakian A. Surrealism: the road to the absolute. The noonday press, New York, 1959
Bohn W. The Rise of Surrealism. Cubism, Dada, and the Pursuit of the Marvelous. State University of New York Press, 2002
Cardinal R., Short R.S. Surrealism. Permanent Revelation. London, 1970
Caws M.A. The Surrealist Look: an erotics of encounter. The MIT Press, 1997
Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism. Edited by Alfred H.Barr, Jr; essays by Georges Hugnet. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1936
Four modern masters: De Chirico, Ernst, Magritte and Miro. New York, Glenbow museum, 1981
Fowlie W. Age of Surrealism. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1960
Gablik S. Magritte. Thames and Hudson, London, 1976
Gedo M.M. Looking at art from the inside out: The Psychoiconographic Approach to modern Art. Cambridge University Press, 1994
Gimferrer P. Magritte. Barcelona, 1986
Gordon D.E. Expressionism. Art and Idea. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1987
Henning E.B. The Spirit of Surrealism. Catalog of an exhibition held at the Cleveland Museum of Art Oct.3 – Nov.25, 1979
Magritte, edited by David Larkin, introduction by Eddie Wolfram. London,1972
Magritte. Sarah Whitfield. London, The South Bank Centre, 1992
Matthews J.H. The imagery of surrealism. New York, Syracuse University Press, 1977
Matthews J.H. Languages of Surrealism. University of Missouri Press, Columbia, 1986
Read H. A Concise History of Modern Painting. New York, Washington, 1975
Read H. The Philosophy of Modern Art. London, Faber and Faber, 1964
Rene Magritte, text by A.M.Hammacher, translated by James Brockway. Harry N.Abrams, inc. New York
Richter H. Dada: art and anti-art. London, Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1978
Rubin W.S. Dada and Surrealist Art. New York
Sandrow N. Surrealism: theater, arts, ideas. New York,1972
Schneede U.M. Rene Magritte. Leben und Werk. Verlag M.DuMont Schauberg, Koln, 1973
Spitz E.H. Museums of the Mind. Magritte's Labyrinth and Other Essays in the Arts. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1994
Surrealists on Art. Edited by Lucy R. Lippard. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1970
Twentieth century art theory: urbanism, politics, and mass culture. Edited by Richard Hertz, Norman M. Klein, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1990
Verkauf W.(ed.) Dada, Monograph of a Movement. New York: Wittenborn, 1957; 2nd edition Arthur Niggli Ltd. Teufen (AR) Switzerland, 1961
Waldberg P. Surrealism. Thames and Hudson, London, 1965, reprinted 1978
References (transliteration):
Adaskina N.L. Simvolizm v tvorchestve khudozhnikov avangarda. // Simvolizm v avangarde. M.,2003. – S.10-22
Azizyan I.A. Simvolistskie istoki avangarda. Simvol v poetike avangarda. // Simvolizm v avangarde. M.,2003. – S.23-33
Antologiya frantsuzskogo syurrealizma. 20-e gody. M., 1994
Bazilevskiy A. Deformatsiya v estetike syurrealizma i ekspressionizma.// Syurrealizm i avangard. Materialy rossiysko-frantsuzskogo kollokviuma, sostoyavshegosya v Institute mirovoy literatury. M., 1999.-S. 33-46
Balashova T. Mnogolikiy avangard.// Syurrealizm i avangard. Materialy rossiysko-frantsuzskogo kollokviuma, sostoyavshegosya v Institute mirovoy literatury. M., 1999.-S. 22-33
Busev M. Kollazh: ot kubizma k syurrealizmu.// Syurrealizm i avangard. Materialy rossiysko-frantsuzskogo kollokviuma, sostoyavshegosya v Institute mirovoy literatury. M., 1999.-S. 98-105
Gal'tsova E.D. Aspekty osvoeniya zhivopisi simvolizma v estetike Andre Bretona: sluchay Gyustava Moro.// Simvolizm v avangarde. M.,2003.–S.380-391
Dadaizm v Tsyurikhe, Berline, Gannovere i Kel'ne: Teksty, illyustratsii, dokumenty. Otv. red. K. Shuman. M., 2002
Dubin S. Syurrealizm v kontekste avangarda: kriterii chernogo yumora.// Syurrealizm i avangard. Materialy rossiysko-frantsuzskogo kollokviuma, sostoyavshegosya v Institute mirovoy literatury. M., 1999.-S. 54-64
Kaptereva T. Dadaizm i syurrealizm.// Modernizm. Analiz i kritika osnovnykh napravleniy. M., 1987. – S.185-214
Krauss R. Fotograficheskaya obuslovlennost' syurrealizma // Poeziya i kritika, vyp. 1, SPb., 1994;http://www.vavilon.ru/metatext/p_and_c/krauss.html
Kulikova I.S. Syurrealizm v iskusstve. M., 1970
Kshitsova D. Stil' modern – fenomen integratsii i dezintegratsii simvolizma i avangarda. // Simvolizm v avangarde. M.,2003.–S.51-66
Na grani tysyacheletiy. Sud'ba traditsiy v iskusstve XX v. M., 1994
Pake M. Rene Magritt. 1898-1967. Mysl', izobrazhennaya na polotne. M.,2002
Rene Magritt: al'bom/ Avt.-sost. L.A.D'yakov.-M., 1998
Rozhin A.I. Sal'vador Dali: mif i real'nost'. M., 1992.
Smolin A.A. Syurrealizm kak kvintessentsiya real'nogo i sverkhreal'nogo. Avtoreferat dis. na soiskanie uchen. stepeni kand. filosofskikh nauk. Barnaul, 2005
Turchin V.S. Po labirintam avangarda. M., 1993
Fuko M. Eto ne trubka. M., 1999
Khofman V. Osnovy sovremennogo iskusstva. Sankt-Peterburg, 2004
Shen'e-Zhandron Zh. Ponyatie poeticheskogo sub'ekta v tvorchestve syurrealistov i avangardistov. Problemy metodologii.// Syurrealizm i avangard. Materialy rossiysko-frantsuzskogo kollokviuma, sostoyavshegosya v Institute mirovoy literatury. M., 1999.-S. 9-22
Shen'e-Zhandron, Zh. Syurrealizm. M.,2002
Yakimovich A K. Realizmy dvadtsatogo veka: al'bom. M., 2000
Yakimovich A.K. Dvadtsatyy vek. Iskusstvo. Kul'tura. Kartina mira: ot impressionizma do klassicheskogo avangarda. M., 2003
Alquie F. The philosophy of Surrealism. The University of Michigan Press,1965
Balakian A. Surrealism: the road to the absolute. The noonday press, New York, 1959
Bohn W. The Rise of Surrealism. Cubism, Dada, and the Pursuit of the Marvelous. State University of New York Press, 2002
Cardinal R., Short R.S. Surrealism. Permanent Revelation. London, 1970
Caws M.A. The Surrealist Look: an erotics of encounter. The MIT Press, 1997
Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism. Edited by Alfred H.Barr, Jr; essays by Georges Hugnet. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1936
Four modern masters: De Chirico, Ernst, Magritte and Miro. New York, Glenbow museum, 1981
Fowlie W. Age of Surrealism. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1960
Gablik S. Magritte. Thames and Hudson, London, 1976
Gedo M.M. Looking at art from the inside out: The Psychoiconographic Approach to modern Art. Cambridge University Press, 1994
Gimferrer P. Magritte. Barcelona, 1986
Gordon D.E. Expressionism. Art and Idea. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1987
Henning E.B. The Spirit of Surrealism. Catalog of an exhibition held at the Cleveland Museum of Art Oct.3 – Nov.25, 1979
Magritte, edited by David Larkin, introduction by Eddie Wolfram. London,1972
Magritte. Sarah Whitfield. London, The South Bank Centre, 1992
Matthews J.H. The imagery of surrealism. New York, Syracuse University Press, 1977
Matthews J.H. Languages of Surrealism. University of Missouri Press, Columbia, 1986
Read H. A Concise History of Modern Painting. New York, Washington, 1975
Read H. The Philosophy of Modern Art. London, Faber and Faber, 1964
Rene Magritte, text by A.M.Hammacher, translated by James Brockway. Harry N.Abrams, inc. New York
Richter H. Dada: art and anti-art. London, Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1978
Rubin W.S. Dada and Surrealist Art. New York
Sandrow N. Surrealism: theater, arts, ideas. New York,1972
Schneede U.M. Rene Magritte. Leben und Werk. Verlag M.DuMont Schauberg, Koln, 1973
Spitz E.H. Museums of the Mind. Magritte's Labyrinth and Other Essays in the Arts. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1994
Surrealists on Art. Edited by Lucy R. Lippard. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1970
Twentieth century art theory: urbanism, politics, and mass culture. Edited by Richard Hertz, Norman M. Klein, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1990
Verkauf W.(ed.) Dada, Monograph of a Movement. New York: Wittenborn, 1957; 2nd edition Arthur Niggli Ltd. Teufen (AR) Switzerland, 1961
Waldberg P. Surrealism. Thames and Hudson, London, 1965, reprinted 1978