Аннотация: The question of metaphysics, its forms and actual meaning to modernity is one of the themes that are actively debated in almost all trends of philosophy. The attitude toward metaphysics is the key to understanding not only philosophical views of hermeneutics, analytical philosophy or deconstruction but also establishment of problematics of modernism and postmodernism in contemporary culture. The problem of overcoming of metaphysics, constantly renewable in the philosophy, is examined by Malkina from the point of view of the psychoanalytic approach to the study of various phobias that reveals the underlying foundation of the philosophical problem of fear towards metaphysics. The use of the psychoanalytic method of interpretation of philosophical problems is based on the choice of philosophers’ conceptual personae as the subjects of analysis that are in a certain relation to their own text and to their predecessors. The novelty of the study consists, firstly, in description of the united problem field of the various projects of overcoming of metaphysics in philosophy, secondly, in identification of the philosophical foundations of metaphysical phobias, and thirdly – in usage of psychoanalytic methodology for this purpose. The main conclusions of this paper are following: in terms of the Oedipus complex the overcoming of metaphysics is based on the anxiety of influence felt towards a predecessor; the active negation can be interpreted as an attempt to repress the metaphysical content of their own thinking; and a tendency to repeat the overcoming of metaphysics can be explained as the death drive. Psychoanalytic interpretation of overcoming of metaphysics does not mean that it is something that ought to be 'cured' but takes us “beyond” metaphysics to post-metaphysical thinking as the endless work on the senses in philosophy where the very process of such work brings release and satisfaction.

Ключевые слова: Oedipus complex, overcoming of metaphysics, psychoanalysis of philosophy, repetition, conceptual personae, critics, death drive, postmetaphysical thinking, anxiety of influence, negation

Библиография:
Boyko M.E. Formalizatsiya literaturno-kriticheskoy deyatel'nosti // Kul'tura i iskusstvo.-2011.-6.-C. 112-115.
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K'erkegor S. Povtorenie. M.: Labirint, 1997. 160 s.
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Freyd Z. Konechnyy i beskonechnyy analiz // Freyd Z. Sobranie sochineniy v 10-ti tt. Dop. tom: Sochineniya po tekhnike lecheniya. M.: OOO «Firma STD», 2008. S. 351-392.
Botyul' Zh.-B. Seksual'naya zhizn' Immanuila Kanta // Logos. 2002. № 2. S. 156-187.
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Zhizhek S. Vozvyshennyy ob'ekt ideologii. M.: Khudozhestvennyy zhurnal, 1999. 236 s.
Freyd Z. Otritsanie // Venera v mekhakh. L. fon Zakher-Mazokh. Venera v mekhakh. Zh. Delez. Predstavlenie Zakher-Mazokha. Z. Freyd. Raboty o mazokhizme. M.: RIK «Kul'tura», 1992. S. 365-371.
Derrida Zh. Shpory: stili Nitsshe // Filosofskie nauki. 1991, № 2. S. 116-142; № 3. S. 114-129.
Blum Kh. Strakh vliyaniya. Karta perechityvaniya. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural. un-ta, 1998. 352 s.
Rudnev V. Proch' ot real'nosti: Issledovaniya po filosofii teksta. II. M.: «Agraf», 2000. 432 s.
Kant I. Sobranie sochineniy v 8-mi tt. T. 3: Kritika chistogo razuma. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Choro», 1994. 741 s.
Comte A. Traité Philosophique d’Astronomie Populaire: précédé du Discours sur l’esprit positif. P.: Fayard, 1985. 492 p.
Borisov E., Inishev I., Furs V. Prakticheskiy povorot v postmetafizicheskom myshlenii. T. 1. Vil'nyus: EGU, 2008. 212 s.
Mikhaylov I.A. Filosofskaya programma rannego Gusserlya. Metafizika, teoriya poznaniya // Istoriya filosofii. 2012. № 17. S. 205-224.

References (transliteration):
Boyko M.E. Formalizatsiya literaturno-kriticheskoy deyatel'nosti // Kul'tura i iskusstvo.-2011.-6.-C. 112-115.
Lakan Zh. Televidenie. M.: ITDK «Gnozis», Izdatel'stvo «Logos», 2000. 160 s.
K'erkegor S. Povtorenie. M.: Labirint, 1997. 160 s.
Freyd Z. Po tu storonu printsipa udovol'stviya // Freyd Z. Sobranie sochineniy v 10-ti tt. T. 3: Psikhologiya bessoznatel'nogo. M.: OOO «Firma STD», 2006. S. 227-289.
Badiou A. Metaphysics and the Critique of Metaphysics // Pli. 2000. № 10. P. 174-190.
Freyd Z. Konechnyy i beskonechnyy analiz // Freyd Z. Sobranie sochineniy v 10-ti tt. Dop. tom: Sochineniya po tekhnike lecheniya. M.: OOO «Firma STD», 2008. S. 351-392.
Botyul' Zh.-B. Seksual'naya zhizn' Immanuila Kanta // Logos. 2002. № 2. S. 156-187.
Rassel B. Istoriya zapadnoy filosofii: v 2-kh tt. T. 2. M.: «MIF», 1993. 445 s.
Freyd Z. Sobranie sochineniy v 10-ti tt. T. 1: Lektsii po vvedeniyu v psikhoanaliz i Novyy tsikl. M.: OOO «Firma STD», 2006. 607 s.
Gesse G. Sobranie sochineniy v 8-mi tt. T. 2. M.: AO Izd. gruppa «Progress» – «Litera»; Khar'kov: Folio, 1994. 480 s.
Ippolit Zh. Ustnyy kommentariy Zhana Ippolita k stat'e Freyda «Verneinung» // Lakan Zh. Seminary, Kniga I: Raboty Freyda po tekhnike psikhoanaliza (1953/54). M.: ITDGK «Gnozis», Izdatel'stvo «Logos», 1998. S. 393-404.
Zhizhek S. Vozvyshennyy ob'ekt ideologii. M.: Khudozhestvennyy zhurnal, 1999. 236 s.
Freyd Z. Otritsanie // Venera v mekhakh. L. fon Zakher-Mazokh. Venera v mekhakh. Zh. Delez. Predstavlenie Zakher-Mazokha. Z. Freyd. Raboty o mazokhizme. M.: RIK «Kul'tura», 1992. S. 365-371.
Derrida Zh. Shpory: stili Nitsshe // Filosofskie nauki. 1991, № 2. S. 116-142; № 3. S. 114-129.
Blum Kh. Strakh vliyaniya. Karta perechityvaniya. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural. un-ta, 1998. 352 s.
Rudnev V. Proch' ot real'nosti: Issledovaniya po filosofii teksta. II. M.: «Agraf», 2000. 432 s.
Kant I. Sobranie sochineniy v 8-mi tt. T. 3: Kritika chistogo razuma. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Choro», 1994. 741 s.
Comte A. Traité Philosophique d’Astronomie Populaire: précédé du Discours sur l’esprit positif. P.: Fayard, 1985. 492 p.
Borisov E., Inishev I., Furs V. Prakticheskiy povorot v postmetafizicheskom myshlenii. T. 1. Vil'nyus: EGU, 2008. 212 s.
Mikhaylov I.A. Filosofskaya programma rannego Gusserlya. Metafizika, teoriya poznaniya // Istoriya filosofii. 2012. № 17. S. 205-224.

Аннотация: The author of the article considers a number of important provisions of Arthur Schopenhauer’s theory (about the will to life, egoism and happiness) and compares them to the author’s Person-Oriented Concept of Happiness (POCH). It allows the author to answer certain questions raised by the German philosopher and develop a practical approach called Psychotherapy By Personal Singularity (PPS). At the end of the article it is concluded that Person-Oriented Concept of Happiness developed by the author has important intersection points with Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophy. In the author’s opinion, Schopenhauer’s philosophy does not deserve to be called pessimistic philosophy. POCH also makes an important contribution to the concept of the great German philosopher because it offers an individual a particular method of restricting the ‘lowermost’ forms of egoism and developing of higher forms of egoism in order to realize one’s personal potentials and live a truly happy life.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, happiness, egoism, personal singularity, self-realization, person-centered concept of happiness, Schopenhauer, ‘will to life’, POCH, Eudaimonia.

Контактная информация: Levit Leonid Zigfridovich , 220030, Belarus, Minsk, ul. K. Marksa 8-114.

Библиография:
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5. Levit L.Z. Terapiya Lichnostnoy Unikal'nost'yu: teoreticheskoe obosnovanie proekta // Tendentsii i innovatsii sovremennoy nauki. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (tezisy dokladov). Krasnodar, 2012. S. 47.
6. Levit L. Z. LOKS: mezhdu Freydom, Yungom i Maslou. Minsk: A.N. Varaksin, 2012.
7. Levit L. Z. Lichnostno-orientirovannaya kontseptsiya schast'ya: kratkaya istoriya. // «Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika». 2012. №8. S. 78 – 86.
8. Levit L. Z., Radchikova N. P. Lichnostno-orientirovannaya kontseptsiya schast'ya: teoriya i praktika // Natsional'nyy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal. 2012. №2 (8). S. 81 – 90.
8. Levit L. Z. Schast'e, egoizm, al'truizm: paradoksy vzaimodeystviya // Nauchno-prakticheskiy zhurnal «Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. Pedagogika». 2012. №7. S. 10 – 19.
9. Seligman M. Novaya pozitivnaya psikhologiya. Kiev: Sofiya, 2006. 368 s.
10. Freyd Z. Neudobstva kul'tury. SPb.: Azbuka-klassika, 2010. 192 s.
11. Chiksentmikhayi M. Potok: psikhologiya optimal'nogo perezhivaniya. M.: Smysl: Al'pina non-fikshn, 2011. 464 s.
12. Shvarts. B. Paradoks vybora. M.: Dobraya kniga, 2005. 284 s.
13. Shopengauer A. Aforizmy i maksimy. M.: Folio, 2001.
14. Yalom. I. Ekzistentsial'naya psikhoterapiya. M.: NF «Klass», 1999. 576 s.
15. Levit L. Z. Happiness: Person-Oriented Conception // International Journal of Advances in Psychology. Vol. 1. Iss. 3. November, 2012. Pp. 46 – 57.
16. Psychological Egoism// Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy [Elektronnyy resurs] — Rezhim dostupa: http://www.iep.utm.edu/

References (transliteration):
1. Aristotel'. Nikomakhova etika. M.: EKSMO-Press, 1997. 368 s.
2. Bykhovskiy B. E. Shopengauer. M.: Mysl', 1975. 208 s.
3. Dilts R. Izmenenie ubezhdeniy s pomoshch'yu NLP. M.: Klass, 1997.
4. Levit L. Z. Lichnostno-orientirovannaya kontseptsiya schast'ya: zhizn' vo imya sebya. Minsk: izd-vo «A. N. Varaksin», 2011. 112 s.
5. Levit L.Z. Terapiya Lichnostnoy Unikal'nost'yu: teoreticheskoe obosnovanie proekta // Tendentsii i innovatsii sovremennoy nauki. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (tezisy dokladov). Krasnodar, 2012. S. 47.
6. Levit L. Z. LOKS: mezhdu Freydom, Yungom i Maslou. Minsk: A.N. Varaksin, 2012.
7. Levit L. Z. Lichnostno-orientirovannaya kontseptsiya schast'ya: kratkaya istoriya. // «Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika». 2012. №8. S. 78 – 86.
8. Levit L. Z., Radchikova N. P. Lichnostno-orientirovannaya kontseptsiya schast'ya: teoriya i praktika // Natsional'nyy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal. 2012. №2 (8). S. 81 – 90.
8. Levit L. Z. Schast'e, egoizm, al'truizm: paradoksy vzaimodeystviya // Nauchno-prakticheskiy zhurnal «Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. Pedagogika». 2012. №7. S. 10 – 19.
9. Seligman M. Novaya pozitivnaya psikhologiya. Kiev: Sofiya, 2006. 368 s.
10. Freyd Z. Neudobstva kul'tury. SPb.: Azbuka-klassika, 2010. 192 s.
11. Chiksentmikhayi M. Potok: psikhologiya optimal'nogo perezhivaniya. M.: Smysl: Al'pina non-fikshn, 2011. 464 s.
12. Shvarts. B. Paradoks vybora. M.: Dobraya kniga, 2005. 284 s.
13. Shopengauer A. Aforizmy i maksimy. M.: Folio, 2001.
14. Yalom. I. Ekzistentsial'naya psikhoterapiya. M.: NF «Klass», 1999. 576 s.
15. Levit L. Z. Happiness: Person-Oriented Conception // International Journal of Advances in Psychology. Vol. 1. Iss. 3. November, 2012. Pp. 46 – 57.
16. Psychological Egoism// Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy [Elektronnyy resurs] — Rezhim dostupa: http://www.iep.utm.edu/