Аннотация: This article is dedicated to the analysis of the fundamental for the entire French sociological school as a whole, including the sociological college, the founder of which was Roger Caillois, notions of sacred and profane. Reviewing this dialectical dyad in the context of various spheres and conditions of life the society (holiday, carnival, war, game), Caillois comes to the conclusion that the very attempt of demarcation of the sacred and profane areas is extremely important for the formation of public and religious consciousness of a human and all of the processes of socialization. According to Caillois, sacred and profane depict for the individual and the society the spheres that are holy or cursed, allowed or prohibited, experienced or unexperienced, in control or beyond control of the human influence. The goal of this work consists in the reconstruction of views of the French thinker upon the questions associated with sacred and profane, as well as their impact upon the establishment of the social and religious consciousness. There are very few extensive research within the Russian humanitarian science that are dedicated to such complicated and ambiguous phenomenon as the sacred or holy. Therefore, the analysis of understanding of the phenomenon of an important for the philosophical thought of the XX century persona pf Roger Caillois represents great interest and value. Correlation between the sacred and the secular in R. Caillois’ concept reflects the correlation between the freedom of will (profane, familiar, and usual for a human area, his “living world) and fate, providence, and tradition formed beyond the personal will of an individual (sacred) – the area of the highest and incomprehensible, simultaneously tempting and terrifying. Unlike certain contemporaries, particularly his colleague Georges Bataille, Caillois assesses the separation of the spheres of sacred and profane as a positive phenomenon, which is the guarantor of stability and carries constructive functions for the human community.

Ключевые слова: Prohibition, Return , Myth, Ritual, Religion , Society, Anthropology, College of sociology, Profane, Sacred

Библиография:
Kayua R. V glub' fantasticheskogo. M.: Izdatel'stvo Ivana Limbakha, 2006. 208 s.
Dyurkgeym E. Sotsiologiya. Ee predmet, metod, naznachenie. M.: Terra-knizhnyy klub, 2000. 400 s.
Dyurkgeym E. Elementarnye formy religioznoy zhizni.Totemicheskaya sistema v Avstralii // Mistika. Religiya. Nauka. Klassiki mirovogo religiovedeniya. Antologiya. M.: Kanon+, 1998. 432 s.
Zenkin S. Rozhe Kayua i ego kritika kul'tury. Elektronnyy resurs. Rezhim dostupa: http://magazines.russ.ru/druzhba/2005/4/ka18.html.
Zontag S. Antropolog kak geroy (perevod V.S. Kulaginoy-Yartsevoy) // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2014. - 2. - C. 131 - 138. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2014.2.12135.
Yus'kiv N. Antropologiya gosudarstvennoy vlasti // Pravo i politika. - 2013. - 2. - C. 266 - 273. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.02.16.
Levi-Stross K. Nepriruchennaya mysl'. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2008. 520 s.
Moss M. Ocherk o dare // Obshchestva. Obmen. Lichnost': Trudy po sotsial'noy antropologii / Per. s frants., posleslovie i kommentarii A.B. Gofmana. M.: "Vostochnaya literatura", RAN, 1996. 287 s.
Moss M. Sotsial'nye funktsii svyashchennogo. SPb: Evraziya, 2000. 448 s.
Kayua R. Mif i chelovek. Chelovek i sakral'noe. M.: O.G.I., 2007. 296 s.
Zenkin S. Nebozhestvennoe sakral'noe. M.: RGGU, 2012. 544 s.
Kayua R. Igry i lyudi. Esse po sotsiologii kul'tury. M.: O.G.I, 2007. 304 s.
Kayua R. Dvoystvennost' sakral'nogo. Elektronnyy resurs. Rezhim dostupa : http://www.gumer.info/bogoslov_Buks/Philos/hollier/17.php

References (transliteration):
Kayua R. V glub' fantasticheskogo. M.: Izdatel'stvo Ivana Limbakha, 2006. 208 s.
Dyurkgeym E. Sotsiologiya. Ee predmet, metod, naznachenie. M.: Terra-knizhnyy klub, 2000. 400 s.
Dyurkgeym E. Elementarnye formy religioznoy zhizni.Totemicheskaya sistema v Avstralii // Mistika. Religiya. Nauka. Klassiki mirovogo religiovedeniya. Antologiya. M.: Kanon+, 1998. 432 s.
Zenkin S. Rozhe Kayua i ego kritika kul'tury. Elektronnyy resurs. Rezhim dostupa: http://magazines.russ.ru/druzhba/2005/4/ka18.html.
Zontag S. Antropolog kak geroy (perevod V.S. Kulaginoy-Yartsevoy) // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2014. - 2. - C. 131 - 138. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2014.2.12135.
Yus'kiv N. Antropologiya gosudarstvennoy vlasti // Pravo i politika. - 2013. - 2. - C. 266 - 273. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.02.16.
Levi-Stross K. Nepriruchennaya mysl'. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2008. 520 s.
Moss M. Ocherk o dare // Obshchestva. Obmen. Lichnost': Trudy po sotsial'noy antropologii / Per. s frants., posleslovie i kommentarii A.B. Gofmana. M.: "Vostochnaya literatura", RAN, 1996. 287 s.
Moss M. Sotsial'nye funktsii svyashchennogo. SPb: Evraziya, 2000. 448 s.
Kayua R. Mif i chelovek. Chelovek i sakral'noe. M.: O.G.I., 2007. 296 s.
Zenkin S. Nebozhestvennoe sakral'noe. M.: RGGU, 2012. 544 s.
Kayua R. Igry i lyudi. Esse po sotsiologii kul'tury. M.: O.G.I, 2007. 304 s.
Kayua R. Dvoystvennost' sakral'nogo. Elektronnyy resurs. Rezhim dostupa : http://www.gumer.info/bogoslov_Buks/Philos/hollier/17.php

Аннотация: In the center of Paul Ricœur’s article are problems of philosophical anthropology, studied through the prism of antinomicity of human existence. The inner antinomies of a human, in the thinker’s opinion, are the most specific and demonstrative: voluntary and involuntary, action and trial of impact, autonomy and vulnerability, ability and fragility. Paul Ricœur attempt to examine them dialectically, focusing attention on the two-sidedness of human desire, which is rooted in human love for himself, and simultaneously, open to the limitless horizon. In this regard, the philosopher refers to the notions of character and happiness, which testify to the disproportionality of human in practice: character is the individual way of action that is realizes by a human because of his freedom; happiness is the final point, towards which human aims his motivation. Ricœur is a bright representative of the reflexive philosophy that is based on the ideas of phenomenology and hermeneutics, and at the same time, uses in its research the resources of the sciences about human: ethnology, history, economics, sociology, linguistics, etc. In his teaching, the French thinker raises a question about human, his specificity, and wholeness. He examines human reality taking the path from the myth, philosophical formulations of Plato, Pascal, Kierkegaard to Kant, and then modernity. Although Ricœu considered realization of the project of philosophical anthropology the “project of a lifetime”, but rarely used this term.

Ключевые слова: Culture, History, Action, I-self, Spiritual, Vital, Reason, Sensibility, Human, Philosophical anthropology

Библиография:
Bergson A. Opyt o neposredstvennykh dannykh soznaniya. M.: Moskovskiy klub, 1992. 336 s.
Gusserl' E. Idei k chistoy fenomenologii i fenomenologicheskoy filosofii. Kniga 1. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2009. 489 s.
Dekart R. Razmyshleniya o pervoy filosofii…// Dekart R. Soch.: v 2 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1994. 635 c.
Kant I. Antropologiya s pragmaticheskoy tochki zreniya. SPb.: Nauka, 1999. 471 s.
Kant I. Kritika chistogo razuma. M.: Mysl', 1994. 592 s.
Kant I. Religiya v predelakh tol'ko razuma // Kant I. Traktaty i pis'ma. M.: Nauka, 1980. 709 c.
K'erkegor S. Bolezn' k smerti // K'erkegor S. Strakh i trepet. M.: Respublika, 1993. 383 s.
Paskal' B. Mysli. M.: REFL-book, 1994. 523 s.
Platon. Gosudarstvo // Platon. Sobranie sochineniy v trekh tomakh. T. 3. Ch. 1. M.: Mysl', 1994. 687 c.
Khaydegger M. Kant i problema metafiziki. M.: Russkoe fenomenologicheskoe obshchestvo, 1997. 143 s. Prilozhenie XIX s.
Buytendijk F. L’Homme et Animal. Paris: Gallimard, 1965. 190 p.
Ravaisson F. De l’habitude. Paris: PUF, 1999. 198 r.
Ricoeur R. Anthropologie philosophique. Paris: Seuil, 2013. 271 r.
Ricœur P. L’homme faillible // Ricœur P. Philosophie de la volonté II. Finitude et culpabilité. T. 1: L’homme faillible. Paris: Aubier, 1960 (reed.: Seuil, 2009). 582 r.
Stern W. Allgemeine Psychologie auf personalistischer Grundlage. La Haye, Nihoff, 1950. 836 S.
Strasser S. Das Gemüt. Utrecht-Fribourg: Herder Verlag, 1956. 291 S

References (transliteration):
Bergson A. Opyt o neposredstvennykh dannykh soznaniya. M.: Moskovskiy klub, 1992. 336 s.
Gusserl' E. Idei k chistoy fenomenologii i fenomenologicheskoy filosofii. Kniga 1. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2009. 489 s.
Dekart R. Razmyshleniya o pervoy filosofii…// Dekart R. Soch.: v 2 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1994. 635 c.
Kant I. Antropologiya s pragmaticheskoy tochki zreniya. SPb.: Nauka, 1999. 471 s.
Kant I. Kritika chistogo razuma. M.: Mysl', 1994. 592 s.
Kant I. Religiya v predelakh tol'ko razuma // Kant I. Traktaty i pis'ma. M.: Nauka, 1980. 709 c.
K'erkegor S. Bolezn' k smerti // K'erkegor S. Strakh i trepet. M.: Respublika, 1993. 383 s.
Paskal' B. Mysli. M.: REFL-book, 1994. 523 s.
Platon. Gosudarstvo // Platon. Sobranie sochineniy v trekh tomakh. T. 3. Ch. 1. M.: Mysl', 1994. 687 c.
Khaydegger M. Kant i problema metafiziki. M.: Russkoe fenomenologicheskoe obshchestvo, 1997. 143 s. Prilozhenie XIX s.
Buytendijk F. L’Homme et Animal. Paris: Gallimard, 1965. 190 p.
Ravaisson F. De l’habitude. Paris: PUF, 1999. 198 r.
Ricoeur R. Anthropologie philosophique. Paris: Seuil, 2013. 271 r.
Ricœur P. L’homme faillible // Ricœur P. Philosophie de la volonté II. Finitude et culpabilité. T. 1: L’homme faillible. Paris: Aubier, 1960 (reed.: Seuil, 2009). 582 r.
Stern W. Allgemeine Psychologie auf personalistischer Grundlage. La Haye, Nihoff, 1950. 836 S.
Strasser S. Das Gemüt. Utrecht-Fribourg: Herder Verlag, 1956. 291 S

Аннотация: This article is dedicated to the process of determination of existential dimension of illness in the culture of high and late Middle Ages. Based on the material of theological doctrines of this period, it is demonstrated how the illness becomes crucial and inevitable parameter of the human ontology. The analysis of the interconnections between the formed interpretations of bodily disorders and fundamental definitions of Christian anthropology, contributes into accenting the ethical productiveness of the medieval semiotics of illness. The author gives attention primarily to the theological interpretations of suffering in medieval culture, as well as examines how the latter predestined the existential autopoiesis of the sick. The followed in the article genealogy of the existential-phenomenological dimension of the experience of illness is realized by means of methodological orientations of the history of ideas based on the material of the tradition of understanding the sick flash of theological anthropology of the Middle Ages. The author concludes that the European culture owes to the medieval era regarding the discovery of the existential resource of an illness. The article also conceptualizes the formed within the stated chronological framework grounds of the cultural environment of sufferings, within the limits of which such manifestation of illness acts as a cultural constructive power.

Ключевые слова: Metanoia, Personalization of illness, Spiritualization of the fact, Sin, Reflection of viciousness, Ontological dimension of inferiority, Facticity of the vice, Autopoiesis , Suffering, Existential of illness

Библиография:
Egorova I. V. Za chto my stradaem? // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie.-2012.-4.-C. 6-12.
Fruassar Zh. Khroniki. 1325–1340. SPb.: Izd. S.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2009. 656 c.
Avgustin Blazhennyy. O grade Bozhiem // Avgustin Blazhennyy. Tvoreniya: v 4 t. T. 4: O grade Bozhiem (Knigi XIV – XXII). SPb.: Aleteyya; Kiev: UTsIMM-Press, 2000.
The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville / translated with introduction and notes by A. Barney, W. J. Lewis, J. A. Beach, Oliver Berghof. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 475 p.
Panchenko A. M. Letopisnyy rasskaz ob Andree Pervozvannom i flagellanstvo // URL: http://panchenko.pushkinskijdom.ru/Default.aspx?tabid=2332#_ednref12 (data obrashcheniya: 15. 10. 2015 g.).
Kolyazin V.F. Ot misterii k karnavalu. Teatral'nost' nemetskoy religioznoy i ploshchadnoy stseny rannego i pozdnego srednevekov'ya. M.: Nauka, 2002. 208 s.
Shikhov G.L. Medikalizatsiya boli posredstvom religioznoy dramoterapii: opyt Srednevekov'ya // Omskiy nauchnyy vestnik. № 5 (122), 2013. S. 124–128.
Le Goff Zh., Tryuon N. Istoriya tela. M.: Tekst, 2008. 189 s.
Kardini F. Istoki srednevekovogo rytsarstva. M.: Progress, 1997. 264 s.
Zhivov V.M. Svyatost'. Kratkiy slovar' agiograficheskikh terminov. M.: «Gnozis», 1994. 112 s.
Paramonova M. Yu. Mucheniki // Slovar' srednevekovoy kul'tury. M., 2003. S. 331–336.
Le Goff Zh. Tsivilizatsiya Srednevekovogo Zapada. M.: Izdatel'skaya gruppa «Progress», «Progress-Akademiya», 1992. 376 s.
Pernu R. Khil'degarda Bingenskaya. M.: Izd-vo Frantsiskantsev, 2014. 133 s.
Tsvetochki Frantsiska Assizskogo. SPb.: ID «Azbuka-klassika», 2007. 224 s.
Zhuanvil' Zh., de. Kniga blagochestivykh recheniy i dobrykh deyaniy nashego svyatogo korolya Lyudovika. SPb: Evraziya, 2007. 400 s.
Amvrosiy Mediolanskiy. Dve knigi o pokayanii // Amvrosiy Mediolanskiy. Dve knigi o pokayanii i drugie tvoreniya. M.: Uchebno-informatsionnyy ekumenicheskiy tsentr ap. Pavla,1997. S. 45–94.
Amvrosiy Mediolanskiy. Slovo na smert' Feodosiya Velikogo // Amvrosiy Mediolanskiy. Dve knigi o pokayanii i drugie tvoreniya. M., Uchebno-informatsionnyy ekumenicheskiy tsentr ap. Pavla, 1997. S. 170–185.
Fuko M. Germenevtika sub'ekta. Kurs lektsiy, prochitannykh v Kollezh de Frans v 1981–1982 uchebnom godu. SPb.: Nauka, 2007. 677 s.
Kozhev A. Khristianskoe proiskhozhdenie nauki // Kozhev A. Ateizm i drugie raboty. M.: Praksis, 2006. S. 416–428.
Platon. Gosudarstvo // Platon. Sobranie sochineniy v chetyrekh tomakh. T.3. M.: Mysl', 1994. S. 79–420.
Origen. O nachalakh. SPb.: Amfora, 2007. 464 s.
Avgustin Blazhennyy. O blazhennoy zhizni // Avgustin Blazhennyy. Tvoreniya: v 4 t. T. 1: Ob istinnoy religii. SPb.: Aleteyya; Kiev: UTsIMM-Press, 2000. S. 86–113.
Gryakalov N. A. Khristologiya nauki. URL: http://philosophy.spbu.ru/library/11544/13834 (data obrashcheniya: 13. 10. 2015 g.).
Koyre A. Galiley i Platon // Koyre A. Ocherki istorii filosofskoy mysli. M.: Progress, 1985. S. 128–153.
Aristotel'. O dushe // Aristotel'. Sochineniya v chetyrekh tomakh. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1976. S. 369–448.
Shpengler O. Zakat Evropy. Ocherki morfologii mirovoy istorii. T. 1. Geshtal't i deystvitel'nost'. M.: Mysl', 1993. 663 s.
Kukso K. A. Bez boli. Ocherk genezisa massovoy anal'gezii // Chelovek. № 6, 2013. S. 81–95.
Platon. Timey // Platon. Sobranie sochineniy v chetyrekh tomakh. T. 3. M.: Mysl', 1994. S. 421–500.
Platon. Pir // Platon. Sobranie sochineniy v chetyrekh tomakh. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1993. S. 81–134.

References (transliteration):
Egorova I. V. Za chto my stradaem? // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie.-2012.-4.-C. 6-12.
Fruassar Zh. Khroniki. 1325–1340. SPb.: Izd. S.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2009. 656 c.
Avgustin Blazhennyy. O grade Bozhiem // Avgustin Blazhennyy. Tvoreniya: v 4 t. T. 4: O grade Bozhiem (Knigi XIV – XXII). SPb.: Aleteyya; Kiev: UTsIMM-Press, 2000.
The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville / translated with introduction and notes by A. Barney, W. J. Lewis, J. A. Beach, Oliver Berghof. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 475 p.
Panchenko A. M. Letopisnyy rasskaz ob Andree Pervozvannom i flagellanstvo // URL: http://panchenko.pushkinskijdom.ru/Default.aspx?tabid=2332#_ednref12 (data obrashcheniya: 15. 10. 2015 g.).
Kolyazin V.F. Ot misterii k karnavalu. Teatral'nost' nemetskoy religioznoy i ploshchadnoy stseny rannego i pozdnego srednevekov'ya. M.: Nauka, 2002. 208 s.
Shikhov G.L. Medikalizatsiya boli posredstvom religioznoy dramoterapii: opyt Srednevekov'ya // Omskiy nauchnyy vestnik. № 5 (122), 2013. S. 124–128.
Le Goff Zh., Tryuon N. Istoriya tela. M.: Tekst, 2008. 189 s.
Kardini F. Istoki srednevekovogo rytsarstva. M.: Progress, 1997. 264 s.
Zhivov V.M. Svyatost'. Kratkiy slovar' agiograficheskikh terminov. M.: «Gnozis», 1994. 112 s.
Paramonova M. Yu. Mucheniki // Slovar' srednevekovoy kul'tury. M., 2003. S. 331–336.
Le Goff Zh. Tsivilizatsiya Srednevekovogo Zapada. M.: Izdatel'skaya gruppa «Progress», «Progress-Akademiya», 1992. 376 s.
Pernu R. Khil'degarda Bingenskaya. M.: Izd-vo Frantsiskantsev, 2014. 133 s.
Tsvetochki Frantsiska Assizskogo. SPb.: ID «Azbuka-klassika», 2007. 224 s.
Zhuanvil' Zh., de. Kniga blagochestivykh recheniy i dobrykh deyaniy nashego svyatogo korolya Lyudovika. SPb: Evraziya, 2007. 400 s.
Amvrosiy Mediolanskiy. Dve knigi o pokayanii // Amvrosiy Mediolanskiy. Dve knigi o pokayanii i drugie tvoreniya. M.: Uchebno-informatsionnyy ekumenicheskiy tsentr ap. Pavla,1997. S. 45–94.
Amvrosiy Mediolanskiy. Slovo na smert' Feodosiya Velikogo // Amvrosiy Mediolanskiy. Dve knigi o pokayanii i drugie tvoreniya. M., Uchebno-informatsionnyy ekumenicheskiy tsentr ap. Pavla, 1997. S. 170–185.
Fuko M. Germenevtika sub'ekta. Kurs lektsiy, prochitannykh v Kollezh de Frans v 1981–1982 uchebnom godu. SPb.: Nauka, 2007. 677 s.
Kozhev A. Khristianskoe proiskhozhdenie nauki // Kozhev A. Ateizm i drugie raboty. M.: Praksis, 2006. S. 416–428.
Platon. Gosudarstvo // Platon. Sobranie sochineniy v chetyrekh tomakh. T.3. M.: Mysl', 1994. S. 79–420.
Origen. O nachalakh. SPb.: Amfora, 2007. 464 s.
Avgustin Blazhennyy. O blazhennoy zhizni // Avgustin Blazhennyy. Tvoreniya: v 4 t. T. 1: Ob istinnoy religii. SPb.: Aleteyya; Kiev: UTsIMM-Press, 2000. S. 86–113.
Gryakalov N. A. Khristologiya nauki. URL: http://philosophy.spbu.ru/library/11544/13834 (data obrashcheniya: 13. 10. 2015 g.).
Koyre A. Galiley i Platon // Koyre A. Ocherki istorii filosofskoy mysli. M.: Progress, 1985. S. 128–153.
Aristotel'. O dushe // Aristotel'. Sochineniya v chetyrekh tomakh. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1976. S. 369–448.
Shpengler O. Zakat Evropy. Ocherki morfologii mirovoy istorii. T. 1. Geshtal't i deystvitel'nost'. M.: Mysl', 1993. 663 s.
Kukso K. A. Bez boli. Ocherk genezisa massovoy anal'gezii // Chelovek. № 6, 2013. S. 81–95.
Platon. Timey // Platon. Sobranie sochineniy v chetyrekh tomakh. T. 3. M.: Mysl', 1994. S. 421–500.
Platon. Pir // Platon. Sobranie sochineniy v chetyrekh tomakh. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1993. S. 81–134.

Аннотация: This article analyzes the Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Christian concept, formulated in his famous “Letters and Papers from Prison”. Bonhoeffer proclaims the beginning of the unreligious era and the need, due to this fact, to reconsider the essence of Christianity, thus counterpointing religion and Christianity. The idea of the “apriority” of religion is considered erroneous by Bonhoeffer. Religion is just a temporary stage of human development, and it should not be identified with Christ. It is possible to overcome religion without overcoming Christianity. Is Christianity possible in a godless world? – wonders Bonhoeffer, and finds the answer in the notion of maturity of the modern Christian. The author distinguishes three conceptual blocks of Bonhoeffer’s theory – man, religion, Christianity, and conducts a philosophical-anthropological analysis of each of them. In the author’s opinion, there us a gap between the anthropological types of traditional Christianity and the anthropological type of Christianity renewed by Bonhoeffer. The measure of this gap serves the figure of God, because according to Bonhoeffer, transcendence of Christ and therewith the essence of Christianity consists in the being for other, i.e. the transcendent becomes immanent. The author underlines that the notion of maturity for Bonhoeffer is associated with elimination of the notion of sin, in other words the inner world of a man, because in Christianity, sin is something that does not allow a man to become one with the world. The proposed by Bonhoeffer model of man is the model, to which the binary oppositions of “body and soul” and “human and world” are foreign. The author notices in Bonhoeffer’s concept the vision of Foucault’s philosophy. Foucault believes that human is a temporary configuration that can vanish as quickly as an image on shore sand, while Bonhoeffer suggests that the inner world and religiousness are transitional phenomena. Both thinkers are turned to the situation of post-humanity, which Bonhoeffer considers to be unreligious.

Ключевые слова: Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Christianity, Conscience, Death of a man, Cult, Religion, Symbolic action, Sin, Theology, Transcendent

Библиография:
Sedakova O. Ditrikh Bonkheffer dlya nas// Kontinent. 2008. № 137.
Bonkheffer i krest. Interv'yu so Svetlanoy Konachevoy//Zhurnal «Gefter» ot 29.09.2014 (http://gefter.ru/archive/13158).
Men' A. O sebe… Vospominaniya, interv'yu, besedy, pis'ma. M.: Zhizn' s Bogom, 2007.
Bonkheffer D. Propovedi, tolkovaniya, razmyshleniya: V 2 t.T. 2. 1935-1945. M.: Izdatel'stvo BBI, 2014.
Bonkheffer D. Soprotivlenie i pokornost'. M.: Progress, 1994.
Tarasenko B. Poslednyaya propoved'/ Khristianskiy sayt foru.ru ot 01.03.2005 (http://www.foru.ru/article.295.html).
Dallas M. Roark. Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Makers of the Modern Theological Mind. Emporia, Word Inc., 1972.
Brovko L.N. Istoricheskie portrety: Ditrikh Bonkheffer // Voprosy istorii. 2003. № 4.
Metaksas E. Ditrikh Bonkheffer. Pravednik mira protiv Tret'ego Reykha. Pastor, muchenik, prorok, zagovorshchik. M.: Eksmo; Knigonosha, 2012.
Robinson Dzh. Byt' chestnym pered Bogom. M.: Vyssh. shk., 1993.
Koks Kh. Mirskoy grad: sekulyarizatsiya i urbanizatsiya v teologicheskom aspekte. M.: Izdatel'skaya firma «Vostochnaya literatura» RAN, 1995.

References (transliteration):
Sedakova O. Ditrikh Bonkheffer dlya nas// Kontinent. 2008. № 137.
Bonkheffer i krest. Interv'yu so Svetlanoy Konachevoy//Zhurnal «Gefter» ot 29.09.2014 (http://gefter.ru/archive/13158).
Men' A. O sebe… Vospominaniya, interv'yu, besedy, pis'ma. M.: Zhizn' s Bogom, 2007.
Bonkheffer D. Propovedi, tolkovaniya, razmyshleniya: V 2 t.T. 2. 1935-1945. M.: Izdatel'stvo BBI, 2014.
Bonkheffer D. Soprotivlenie i pokornost'. M.: Progress, 1994.
Tarasenko B. Poslednyaya propoved'/ Khristianskiy sayt foru.ru ot 01.03.2005 (http://www.foru.ru/article.295.html).
Dallas M. Roark. Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Makers of the Modern Theological Mind. Emporia, Word Inc., 1972.
Brovko L.N. Istoricheskie portrety: Ditrikh Bonkheffer // Voprosy istorii. 2003. № 4.
Metaksas E. Ditrikh Bonkheffer. Pravednik mira protiv Tret'ego Reykha. Pastor, muchenik, prorok, zagovorshchik. M.: Eksmo; Knigonosha, 2012.
Robinson Dzh. Byt' chestnym pered Bogom. M.: Vyssh. shk., 1993.
Koks Kh. Mirskoy grad: sekulyarizatsiya i urbanizatsiya v teologicheskom aspekte. M.: Izdatel'skaya firma «Vostochnaya literatura» RAN, 1995.

Аннотация: This article examines the human essence and its ontological foundations, through the prism of interrelation between freedom and duty, faith and reason. The author determines two concepts of human essence: inside the actual human, as well as outside. It is noted that in our times a new type of human is being formed – human without essence; certain features of such human are being revealed; attention is focused on the processes of dehumanization characteristic to the contemporary society, as well as on the danger of idealization of Medieval times, and improperness of noncritical approach to history. Conclusion is made that taking of human essence outside (delegation of it to God, Absolute idea, etc.) gives birth to a person of duty, who strives to carry out the given to him essence from outside, and limit his freedom. A similar type of human we can observe in Medieval culture. A second type of human essence – is inside human; and initially it implies a freer human.

Ключевые слова: Human, Essence, Duty, Freedom, Antiquity, Medieval times, Reason, Human without essence, Dullness, Existence

Библиография:
Salutskiy A. S. Iz Rossii s lyubov'yu. M.:TERRA, 2006. 321 s.
Losskiy N.O. Istoriya russkoy filosofii. M. Vysshaya shkola, 1991. 480s.
Gurevich A.Ya. Kul'tura srednevekovoy Evropy. Izbrannye trudy. SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskiy universitet, 2006. 544s.
Karsavin L. P. Kul'tura srednikh vekov. Kiev: Simvol, 1993. 208s.
Berdyaev N. A. Filosofiya svobody. Smysl tvorchestva. M.: Pravda, 1989. 608s.
Karsavin L. P. Filosofiya istorii. M.: AST, 2003. 510 s.
Marks K. K kritike gegelevskoy filosofii prava. Nishcheta filosofii. M.: Mir knigi, 2007. 416s.
Dushenko K. V. Mysli i izrecheniya drevnikh s ukazaniem istochnika. M.: Eksmo, 2004. 800s.
Tseller E. Ocherk istorii grecheskoy filosofii. M.: Kanon,1996. 336s.
Mark Avreliy Antoniy. Razmyshleniya. SPb.: Nauka, 1993. 248 s.
Dosokratiki. Mn.: Kharvest, 1999. 784 s.
Makiavelli N. Izbrannye sochineniya. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1982. 345 s.
Marks K., Engel's F. // Polnoe sobr. soch. T. 6. M.: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1957. 577s.
Avreliy Avgustin // Tsit. po: Avgustin: pro et contra. SPb.: RGKhI, 2002. 976s.
Barg M. A. Epokhi i idei. M.: Mysl', 1987. 121 s.
Khofmayster Kh. Chto znachit myslit' filosofski. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo S.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2006. 448 s.
Stepanova A.S. Filosofiya Drevney stoi. SPB.: KN, 1995. 272 s.
A.N. Zelinskaya Svoboda kak ekzistentsial'naya problema // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2011. - 10. - C. 7 - 15.

References (transliteration):
Salutskiy A. S. Iz Rossii s lyubov'yu. M.:TERRA, 2006. 321 s.
Losskiy N.O. Istoriya russkoy filosofii. M. Vysshaya shkola, 1991. 480s.
Gurevich A.Ya. Kul'tura srednevekovoy Evropy. Izbrannye trudy. SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskiy universitet, 2006. 544s.
Karsavin L. P. Kul'tura srednikh vekov. Kiev: Simvol, 1993. 208s.
Berdyaev N. A. Filosofiya svobody. Smysl tvorchestva. M.: Pravda, 1989. 608s.
Karsavin L. P. Filosofiya istorii. M.: AST, 2003. 510 s.
Marks K. K kritike gegelevskoy filosofii prava. Nishcheta filosofii. M.: Mir knigi, 2007. 416s.
Dushenko K. V. Mysli i izrecheniya drevnikh s ukazaniem istochnika. M.: Eksmo, 2004. 800s.
Tseller E. Ocherk istorii grecheskoy filosofii. M.: Kanon,1996. 336s.
Mark Avreliy Antoniy. Razmyshleniya. SPb.: Nauka, 1993. 248 s.
Dosokratiki. Mn.: Kharvest, 1999. 784 s.
Makiavelli N. Izbrannye sochineniya. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1982. 345 s.
Marks K., Engel's F. // Polnoe sobr. soch. T. 6. M.: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1957. 577s.
Avreliy Avgustin // Tsit. po: Avgustin: pro et contra. SPb.: RGKhI, 2002. 976s.
Barg M. A. Epokhi i idei. M.: Mysl', 1987. 121 s.
Khofmayster Kh. Chto znachit myslit' filosofski. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo S.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2006. 448 s.
Stepanova A.S. Filosofiya Drevney stoi. SPB.: KN, 1995. 272 s.
A.N. Zelinskaya Svoboda kak ekzistentsial'naya problema // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2011. - 10. - C. 7 - 15.

Аннотация: This article is dedicated to the determination of the aesthetic anthropology as a specific philosophical direction, which most vividly asserted itself over the last 15 years. The object of this research is the space of the aesthetic-anthropological search, which was formed namely in Russia, based on the local cultural traditions. The subject is the specificity and regularity of the Russian “footprint” in the nature of such type of anthropology, which takes its roots in the depth of aesthetic experience. The author thoroughly examines this regularity, which is traced not only in the very ideas of the Russian philosophers over the last two centuries, but also in the peculiarities of the ethic and aesthetic “beginning” in the Russian art, first and foremost in the Russian literature. It is demonstrated that aesthetic anthropology owes its name and origin to Russian literature (N. V. Gogol) and Russian philosophy (V. V. Zenkovsky). The specific aesthetic-anthropological methods are the following: allegory, embodiment, creative intuition, principle of reflectiveness of self-consciousness, “exponentiation”, anticipation, self-discovery through creativity and adventure, and others. Among the main conclusions are the following substantiations: the philosophical theoretical synthesis, carried out in the form of aesthetic philosophy, required a lengthy preparation of the Russian philosophy and art culture; such platform became the synthesis of feelings, emotions, experience, thoughts, and actions, as well as the “axiological synthesis” of the most fundamental values of the Russian culture. The author suggests a quite deep insight into the Russian philosophical humanology, and justifies a thesis on the limitation of self-consciousness within the framework of a pure logical synthesis of mind. It is demonstrates that the Russian philosophy appeals to the prepared and inspired reason, that represents the pinnacle, but at the same time is in need of truths of moral and ethical culture.

Ключевые слова: Paphos, human essence, self-cognition, beauty, Sofia, beauty, axiological synthesis, vague knowledge, Logos, creative thought

Библиография:
S.V. Chernov Geniy kak khudozhnik, kak myslitel', kak tvorets. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2011.-1.-C. 34-44.
Chernyy A.A. Filosofskaya kartina mira A.Dovzhenka, kak khudozhestvennoe otrazhenie chelovecheskogo bytiya // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2013.-3.-C. 242-247. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2013.3.9209.
Glinchikova E.V. Postizhenie kak tvorcheskiy akt // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2014.-2.-C. 162-167. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2014.2.11470.
Murav'ev I.B. Rol' religii v formirovanii estetiko-antropologicheskogo ideala // Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2012. № 10. Seriya «Filosofiya». S. 84-89.
Esteticheskaya antropologiya: figurativnyy aspekt: Kollektivnaya monografiya / Pod red. M.N.Shcherbinina. Tyumen': Mandr i Ka, 2014. 192 s.
Mamardashvili M.K. Soznanie i tsivilizatsiya. SPb.: Azbuka, Azbuka-Attikus, 2011. 288 s.
Yung K.G. Ob otnoshenii analiticheskoy psikhologii k poetiko-khudozhestvennomu tvorchestvu // Fenomen dukha v iskusstve i nauke. M.: Renessans, 1992. 320 s.
Zhukov V.N., Maslin M.A. V.V.Zen'kovskiy o Rossii, russkoy filosofii i kul'ture // Zen'kovskiy V.V. Russkie mysliteli i Evropa. M.: Respublika, 1997. S. 3-8.
Rans'er Zh. Esteticheskoe bessoznatel'noe. SPb.; Moskva: Machina, 2004. 128 s.
Shcherbinin M.N. Svoboda i neobkhodimost' v ratsional'nosti gumanitarnogo poznaniya kak vyrazhenie ee vozmozhnostey i predelov // Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2013. № 10. Seriya «Filosofiya». S. 37-45.
Khoruzhiy S.S. Isikhazm kak prostranstvo filosofii // Voprosy filosofii. 1995. № 9. S. 80-94.
Dostoevskiy M.F. Polnoe sobr. soch. v 30 t. T.5. Leningrad: Nauka, 1973. 405 s.
Solov'ev V.S. Sochineniya v 2 tomakh. T.2. M.: Mysl', 1988. 824 s.
Bakunin P.A. Osnovy very i znaniya. SPb.: Izd-vo Tipografiya V. Bezobrazova i komp., 1886. 418 s.
Emel'yanov B.V. Russkaya filosofiya kak chelovekovedenie: izbrannoe. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural'skogo universiteta. 2014. 331 s.
Vysheslavtsev B.P. Serdtse v khristianskoy i indiyskoy mistike // Voprosy filosofii. 1990. № 4. S. 55-62.
Yurkevich P.D. Filosofskie proizvedeniya. M.: Pravda, 1990. 420 s.
Kireevskiy I.V. Otryvok iz romana: Dve zhizni // Kireevskiy I.V. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy v 2 tomakh. T.2. M.: Izd-vo Tipografiya Imperatorskogo Moskovskogo Universiteta, 1911. 300 s.
Gromov M.N. Obraz sakral'noy premudrosti // Gromov M.N., Mil'kov V.V. Ideynye techeniya drevnerusskoy mysli. Spb.: Izd-vo RKhGI, 2001. 960 s.
Uayl'd O. Izbrannye proizvedeniya: V 2 t. M.: Respublika, 1993. T.2. 543 s.
Zen'kovskiy V.V. Russkie mysliteli i Evropa. M.: Respublika, 1997. 368 s.
Spirova E.M. Vliyanie Gel'derlina na tvorchestvo Gegelya // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2014. - 1. - C. 58 - 64. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2014.1.10898.
Gurevich P.S. Nuzhna li pedagogicheskaya antropologiya? // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. - 2013. - 4. - C. 284 - 287. DOI: 10.7256/2306-434X.2013.4.10535.

References (transliteration):
S.V. Chernov Geniy kak khudozhnik, kak myslitel', kak tvorets. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2011.-1.-C. 34-44.
Chernyy A.A. Filosofskaya kartina mira A.Dovzhenka, kak khudozhestvennoe otrazhenie chelovecheskogo bytiya // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2013.-3.-C. 242-247. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2013.3.9209.
Glinchikova E.V. Postizhenie kak tvorcheskiy akt // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2014.-2.-C. 162-167. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2014.2.11470.
Murav'ev I.B. Rol' religii v formirovanii estetiko-antropologicheskogo ideala // Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2012. № 10. Seriya «Filosofiya». S. 84-89.
Esteticheskaya antropologiya: figurativnyy aspekt: Kollektivnaya monografiya / Pod red. M.N.Shcherbinina. Tyumen': Mandr i Ka, 2014. 192 s.
Mamardashvili M.K. Soznanie i tsivilizatsiya. SPb.: Azbuka, Azbuka-Attikus, 2011. 288 s.
Yung K.G. Ob otnoshenii analiticheskoy psikhologii k poetiko-khudozhestvennomu tvorchestvu // Fenomen dukha v iskusstve i nauke. M.: Renessans, 1992. 320 s.
Zhukov V.N., Maslin M.A. V.V.Zen'kovskiy o Rossii, russkoy filosofii i kul'ture // Zen'kovskiy V.V. Russkie mysliteli i Evropa. M.: Respublika, 1997. S. 3-8.
Rans'er Zh. Esteticheskoe bessoznatel'noe. SPb.; Moskva: Machina, 2004. 128 s.
Shcherbinin M.N. Svoboda i neobkhodimost' v ratsional'nosti gumanitarnogo poznaniya kak vyrazhenie ee vozmozhnostey i predelov // Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2013. № 10. Seriya «Filosofiya». S. 37-45.
Khoruzhiy S.S. Isikhazm kak prostranstvo filosofii // Voprosy filosofii. 1995. № 9. S. 80-94.
Dostoevskiy M.F. Polnoe sobr. soch. v 30 t. T.5. Leningrad: Nauka, 1973. 405 s.
Solov'ev V.S. Sochineniya v 2 tomakh. T.2. M.: Mysl', 1988. 824 s.
Bakunin P.A. Osnovy very i znaniya. SPb.: Izd-vo Tipografiya V. Bezobrazova i komp., 1886. 418 s.
Emel'yanov B.V. Russkaya filosofiya kak chelovekovedenie: izbrannoe. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural'skogo universiteta. 2014. 331 s.
Vysheslavtsev B.P. Serdtse v khristianskoy i indiyskoy mistike // Voprosy filosofii. 1990. № 4. S. 55-62.
Yurkevich P.D. Filosofskie proizvedeniya. M.: Pravda, 1990. 420 s.
Kireevskiy I.V. Otryvok iz romana: Dve zhizni // Kireevskiy I.V. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy v 2 tomakh. T.2. M.: Izd-vo Tipografiya Imperatorskogo Moskovskogo Universiteta, 1911. 300 s.
Gromov M.N. Obraz sakral'noy premudrosti // Gromov M.N., Mil'kov V.V. Ideynye techeniya drevnerusskoy mysli. Spb.: Izd-vo RKhGI, 2001. 960 s.
Uayl'd O. Izbrannye proizvedeniya: V 2 t. M.: Respublika, 1993. T.2. 543 s.
Zen'kovskiy V.V. Russkie mysliteli i Evropa. M.: Respublika, 1997. 368 s.
Spirova E.M. Vliyanie Gel'derlina na tvorchestvo Gegelya // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2014. - 1. - C. 58 - 64. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2014.1.10898.
Gurevich P.S. Nuzhna li pedagogicheskaya antropologiya? // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. - 2013. - 4. - C. 284 - 287. DOI: 10.7256/2306-434X.2013.4.10535.

Аннотация: Traditional psychological researches of personality are rather insufficient to undertand personality from the point of view of its integrity and completeness, neither do they allow to create an integral image of genius personality. Within the framework of an original branch of philosophical anthropology developed by the author of the present article and called 'characterology of genius', the author makes another attempt to view the problem of genius in a new light as rather a philosophical and anthropological problem than merely psychological issue. According to the author of the article, without solving this problem it would be impossible to fully understand the essence of human taking into account that the supreme states of spirit including genius throw light on that microcosm which we call 'human'. To prove and substantiate his original approach to studying human genius, the author analyzes creative life of a famous French philosopher and author Honore de Balzac (1799–1850). It was not by accident that the author chose Balzac for his research. Balzac's life presents the most visible phenomena of genius such as the phenomenon of action, peculiarities of a genius mind, values and aspirations of genius, creative genius and mission of a genius. The fact that Balzac also researched the phenomenon of genius in his works is important, too. 

Ключевые слова: philosophical anthropology, characteristics of a genious, Honoré de Balzac, creative life of the genius, phenomena of genius, phenomenon of action, values and meanings, peculiarities of a genius mind, creative genius, mission of a genius

Библиография:
Tsveyg S. Bal'zak / Per. s nem. Aleksandra Golemby; Pod red. E. Zaks. – M.: Izdatel'stvo TsK VLKSM «Molodaya gvardiya», 1961. 496 s. – («Zhizn' zamechatel'nykh lyudey». Seriya Biogr.; Vyp. 6(320)).
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Chernov S.V. Geniy kak khudozhnik, kak myslitel', kak tvorets // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika, №1 (28), 2011.
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References (transliteration):
Tsveyg S. Bal'zak / Per. s nem. Aleksandra Golemby; Pod red. E. Zaks. – M.: Izdatel'stvo TsK VLKSM «Molodaya gvardiya», 1961. 496 s. – («Zhizn' zamechatel'nykh lyudey». Seriya Biogr.; Vyp. 6(320)).
Chernov S.V. Kniga o genial'nosti. T.1. Chelovecheskiy geniy: Priroda. Sushchnost'. Stanovlenie. – Voronezh–M.: Izdatel'stvo Instituta dukhovnoy kul'tury, 2010. – 562 s.
Chernov S.V. Dialektika i fenomenologiya chelovecheskogo geniya // Nauchnye trudy Instituta dukhovnoy kul'tury i svobodnogo tvorchestva. Vypusk pervyy (№1/2011). – Voronezh–M.: Izdatel'stvo Instituta dukhovnoy kul'tury, 2011. – S.99-142.
Chernov S.V. Geniy kak khudozhnik, kak myslitel', kak tvorets // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika, №1 (28), 2011.
Chernov S.V. Problema genial'nosti v kontekste filosofskoy antropologii // Filosofiya i kul'tura, №12 (72), 2013. – S.1757-1769. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.12.9382.
Chernov S.V. Kharakterologiya genial'nosti: Fenomen postupka // Nauchnye trudy Instituta Nepreryvnogo Professional'nogo Obrazovaniya. Vypusk tretiy (№3/2014) / Pod redaktsiey professora S.V. Chernova. M.: Izdatel'stvo Instituta Nepreryvnogo Professional'nogo Obrazovaniya, 2014. – S.279-323.
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Аннотация: In his article Dolin has identified and compared the substantial elements of platonism and aristotelism in concepts of human nature of oriental patristics, transhumanism and biological conservatism. The main purpose of the article is to define responses of the three concepts to contemporary problems of human nature: (1) the degree of importance of the biological component in human nature; (2) the equivalence of human nature to his mind; (3) the possibility of further evolution of human nature; (4) the level of perfection of human nature. The author bases his research on the methodological triad «structure – functioning – development» in addition to evaluation of perfection in terms of the historical dialogue of platonic and aristotelian perceptions of human nature.  In their understanding of structure and functioning of human nature the oriental patristics and transhumanism refer to the provisions of platonism while biological conservatism refers to aristotelism. The mind functioning does not depend on epiphenomenal body in transhumanism. Oriental patristics sees the development of human nature based on the provisions of performationism (platonism) and transhumanism and biological conservatism views the development of human nature based on epigenetic ideas (aristotelism). Ttranshumanism advocates for further evolution of human nature by the means of technological tools (open human nature), biological conservatism and oriental patristics advocate against such tools (closed human nature). In oriental patristics and biological conservatism human nature is understood as perfect and transhumanism regards it to be imperfect. As a result, the author of the article describes the three versions of the conceptual perception of human nature: the perfect closed rational human nature (oriental patristics), the imperfect open rational human nature (transhumanism) and the perfect closed physical and rational human nature (biological conservatism). The research results allow to approach closely to understanding of human nature and to more adequate understanding of the challenges of modern time.

Ключевые слова: platonism, anthropology, human nature, human essence, oriental patristics, transhumanism, biological conservatism, preformationism, epigenesis, aristotelism

Библиография:
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Medvedev D. A. Konvergentsiya tekhnologiy – novaya determinanta razvitiya obshchestva // Novye tekhnologii i prodolzhenie evolyutsii cheloveka? Transgumanisticheskiy proekt budushchego / Otv. red. V. Prayd, A. V. Korotaev. M.: LKI, 2008. S. 46-84.
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Khoruzhiy S.S. Pereotsenka vsekh antropotsennostey // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. № 1. C. 52-60.
S. 19-31. 3. Fukuyama F. Nashe postchelovecheskoe budushchee: Posledstviya biotekhnologicheskoy revolyutsii. M.: AST, LYuKS, 2004. 349 s.
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Epshteyn M. N. Tvorcheskoe ischeznovenie cheloveka. Vvedenie v gumanologiyu // Filosofskie nauki. 2009. № 2. S. 91-105.
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Nitsshe F. Tak govoril Zaratustra. Kniga dlya vsekh i ni dlya kogo. SPb.: Lenizdat, Komanda «A», 2014. 352 s.
Demin I. V. Gumanizm i transgumanizm: problema sootnosheniya // Global'noe budushchee 2045. Konvergentnye tekhnologii (NBIKS) i transgumanisticheskaya evolyutsiya / Pod red. D. I. Dubrovskogo. M.: Izd-vo MBA, 2013. S. 193-202.

References (transliteration):
Shishkin M. A. Evolyutsiya kak epigeneticheskiy protsess // Sovremennaya paleontologiya. M.: Nedra, 1988. T. 2. S. 142-169.
Platon. Fedr 246 b // Platon. Sobr. soch. v 4 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1993. S. 135-192.
Dubrovskiy D. I. Priroda cheloveka, antropologicheskiy krizis i kiberneticheskoe bessmertie // Global'noe budushchee 2045. Konvergentnye tekhnologii (NBIKS) i transgumanisticheskaya evolyutsiya / Pod red. D. I. Dubrovskogo. M.: Izd-vo MBA, 2013. S. 237-252.
Nesterov A. Yu. Problema cheloveka v svete ideologii evolyutsionnogo transgumanizma // Global'noe budushchee 2045. Konvergentnye tekhnologii (NBIKS) i transgumanisticheskaya evolyutsiya / Pod red. D. I. Dubrovskogo. M.: Izd-vo MBA, 2013.S. 183-192.
Lokhov S. A. Antropologicheskiy kholizm v vostochno-khristianskoy traditsii // Vestnik RUDN. Seriya Filosofiya. 2004-2005. № 1. S. 144-156.
Nazaretyan A. P. Mirovozzrencheskaya perspektiva planetarnoy tsivilizatsii // Global'noe budushchee 2045. Konvergentnye tekhnologii (NBIKS) i transgumanisticheskaya evolyutsiya / Pod red. D. I. Dubrovskogo. M.: Izd-vo MBA, 2013. S. 26-48.
Florovskiy G. S. Vostochnye ottsy Tserkvi. M.: AST, 2005. 633 s.
Nisskiy G. Traktat ob ustroenii cheloveka // O cheloveke: Sbornik traktatov. SPb.: Azbuka, Azbuka-Attikus, 2011. S. 23-142.
Davydenkov O. V. Kontseptsiya «individual'naya priroda» v khristologii Leontiya Vizantiyskogo // Vestnik PSTGU. Seriya I. Bogoslovie. Filosofiya. 2013. Vyp. 3. S. 7-17.
Shilov E. V. Uchenie Fomy Akvinskogo o dushe: starye problemy, novye resheniya. Predposylki tomistskogo sinteza // Vestnik PSTGU. Seriya I. Bogoslovie. Filosofiya. 2012. Vyp. 6. S. 81-102.
Medvedev D. A. Konvergentsiya tekhnologiy – novaya determinanta razvitiya obshchestva // Novye tekhnologii i prodolzhenie evolyutsii cheloveka? Transgumanisticheskiy proekt budushchego / Otv. red. V. Prayd, A. V. Korotaev. M.: LKI, 2008. S. 46-84.
Dunin-Barkovskiy V. L. Neyroinformatika v Rossii i v mire // Mozg: fundamental'nye i prikladnye problemy. M.: Nauka, 2010. S. 220-223.
Kutyrev V. A. Bytie ili nichto. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2009. 496 s.
Habermas J. The future of human nature. Cambridge: Polity press, 2003. 136 p.
Global'noe budushchee 2045. Konvergentnye tekhnologii (NBIKS) i transgumanisticheskaya evolyutsiya / Pod red. D. I. Dubrovskogo. M.: Izd-vo MBA, 2013. 272 s.
Novye tekhnologii i prodolzhenie evolyutsii cheloveka? Transgumanisticheskiy proekt budushchego / Otv. red. V. Prayd, A. V. Korotaev. M.: LKI, 2008. 320 s.
Khoruzhiy S.S. Pereotsenka vsekh antropotsennostey. Chast' 2. Okoncha-nie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. № 2. C. 10-19.
Gurevich P.S. Chto takoe negativnaya antropologiya? // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. № 3. C. 275-278.
Khoruzhiy S.S. Pereotsenka vsekh antropotsennostey // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. № 1. C. 52-60.
S. 19-31. 3. Fukuyama F. Nashe postchelovecheskoe budushchee: Posledstviya biotekhnologicheskoy revolyutsii. M.: AST, LYuKS, 2004. 349 s.
Gurevich P.S. Fenomen deantropologizatsii cheloveka // Voprosy fi-losofii. 2009. №
Chelovek i ego budushchee: Novye tekhnologii i vozmozhnosti cheloveka / Otv. red. G. L. Belkina. M.: LENAND, 2012. 496 s.
Epshteyn M. N. Tvorcheskoe ischeznovenie cheloveka. Vvedenie v gumanologiyu // Filosofskie nauki. 2009. № 2. S. 91-105.
Kurzweil R. The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. New York: Viking, 2005. 652 p.
Nitsshe F. Tak govoril Zaratustra. Kniga dlya vsekh i ni dlya kogo. SPb.: Lenizdat, Komanda «A», 2014. 352 s.
Demin I. V. Gumanizm i transgumanizm: problema sootnosheniya // Global'noe budushchee 2045. Konvergentnye tekhnologii (NBIKS) i transgumanisticheskaya evolyutsiya / Pod red. D. I. Dubrovskogo. M.: Izd-vo MBA, 2013. S. 193-202.

Аннотация: The present article is the continuation of the research of the anthropological meaning of the 'living metaphor' in the heritage of a great French philosopher. The subject under review is the paradoxical nature of the 'living metaphor' which anthropological role is being interpeted in terms of the historically presented time 'intrigue' in Paul Ricoeur's most fundamental and largest work 'Time and Narrative'. Special attention is also paid to the development of the general definitions of such terms as mimesis and poesis wherefore the intrigue of the living metaphor receives a better anthropological evaluation with reference to its development in the author's work. Therefore, in his article Cholanyuk makes an attempt to describe the anthropological meaning of the 'living metaphor' through recognition of implicated images in Paul Ricoeur's discourse during which the historical and poetic intrigue is assigned by a person who does the interpreting. Methodological and theoretical grounds of this research consist of the provisions of philosophical hermeneutics just like the grounds of the previous research. Thus, the main research method is the hermeneutic method that involves anthropological and philosophical interpretation of additional meanings of a text with reference to the ‘living metaphor’ described by Paul Ricoeur. The scientific novelty of the research and the main theoretical concept thereto are based on the following provisions: 1) the present research is the first one in Russian philosophy to trace back the development of the anthropological definition of the phenomenon of the ‘living metaphor’ in Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics; 2) the researcher establishes to which degree the intrigue of the 'living metaphor' relates to the historico-philosophical and anthropological focus of Paul Ricoeur's works  and constitutes an promising approach to understanding the time-related and narrative identity of human being; 3) the researcher analyzes the theoretical basis of the philosophico-historical and popular scientific literature that can be related to the intrigue of the ‘living metaphor’ in Paul Ricouer's 'Time and Narrative' from the point of view of modern anthropology; 4) the researcher also makes his own attempt to study the time-related intrique of the 'living metaphor' taking into account the anthropological meaning thereof; 5) the researcher provides philosophical grounds for the creative constituent of the metaphoric activity and describes the progressive role of the metaphor in the development of the society.  In this article the researcher comes to the conclusion about the compositional constituent of the 'living metaphor' as an inovative metaphoric activity that was the attribute of the French philosopher disregarding the imitative function of human creativity generally implied by Paul Ricoeur in his 'Time and Narrative'. Paul Ricoeur creates a new language model through structurally relating interpretation of historical facts to the living metaphor, thus giving to a reader to 'think more' based on the 'here and now' way of thinking.  Critical anthropological evaluation of such a model of reenactment of historical events does not assume that metaphoric description is nothing else but the reflection of famous peoples of the past. Being a mean of expression and distribution of an idea in general anthropological terms, the historical intrigue described with the help of the 'living metaphor' contains the reference of the author that encourages the continuation of the metaphoric communication.

Ключевые слова: living metaphor, modus operandi, modus vivendi, poesis, mimesis, peripatetic peripeteia, place of time, artistic place, metaphorical light, tightening

Библиография:
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References (transliteration):
Pol' Riker. Ya-sam kak drugoy / Per. s frants. – M.: Izdatel'stvo gumanitarnoy literatury, 2008. – 416c.
Gegel' G. V. F. Nauka logiki. V 3-kh t. T. 1. M., «Mysl'», 1970. – 501s.
S. Aurelii Augustini. Confessiones: ad fidem codicum Lipsiensium et editionum antiquiorum recognitas. Edidit Car. Herm. Bruder, Lipsiae, 1837, 327pp.
Rassel Bertran. Iskusstvo myslit'. Perevod s angl. Kozlovoy E. N., Nazarovoy O.A., Sychevoy S. G. – M.: Dom intellektual'noy knigi, 1999. – 239c.
Platon. Sochineniya v 4-kh tomakh. T. 3. Ch.2 / Pod obshch. red. A. F. Loseva i V. F. Asmusa; Per. s drevnegrech. – Spb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta; «Izd-vo Olega Abyshko», 2007. – 710s.
Avgustin Avreliy. Ispoved': Abelyar P. Istoriya moikh bedstviy; Per. s latin. – M.: Respublika, 1992. – 335s.
Aristotel'. Sochineniya: V 4-kh t. T. 4 / Per. s drevnegrech.; Obshch. red. A. I. Dovatura. – M.: Mysl', 1983. – 830s.
Platon. Sochineniya v 4-kh tomakh. T. 3. Ch.1 / Pod obshch. red. A. F. Loseva i V. F. Asmusa; Per. s drevnegrech. – Spb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta; «Izd-vo Olega Abyshko», 2007. – 752s.
Gomer. Odisseya / Per. V. A. Zhukovskogo. – M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1987. – 350c.
Petrarka F. Kantson'ere. Moya tayna, Ili kniga besed o prezrenii k miru. Kniga pisem o delakh povsednevnykh. Starcheskie pis'ma: M.: «Rosad», 1996. – 734c.
Ricoeur, Paul. [Parcours de la reconnaissance. English] The course of recognition / Paul Ricoeur; translated by David Pellauer; p. cm. – (Institute for Human Sciences Vienna lecture series) Includes bibliographical references and index. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, 2005-xi, 297p.
Ricoeur, Paul. Imagination in discourse and in action // Rethinking imagination. Culture and creativity: Edited by Gillian Robinson and John Rundell. Routledge, London & New York, 1994, 192pp.
Platon. Sochineniya v 4-kh tomakh. T. 2 / Pod obshch. red. A. F. Loseva i V. F. Asmusa; Per. s drevnegrech. – Spb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta; «Izd-vo Olega Abyshko», 2007. – 625c.
Gegel' G. V. F. Nauka logiki. V 3-kh t. T. 2. M., «Mysl'», 1971. – 248s.
Ricoeur, Paul. Rule of Metaphor. The creation of meaning in language. Translated by Robert Czerny with Kathleen McLaughlin and John Costello, Routledge Classics. London and New York, 2003 [1977], 465pp.
Aristotel'. Ob iskusstve poezii: Bilingva drevnegrechesko-russkiy. Per. V. Appel'rota. Izd. 2-e. – M.: Knizhnyy dom «Librokom», 2012. – 97s.
Pol' Riker. Vremya i rasskaz. T. 1. Intriga i istoricheskiy rasskaz; M.; SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, 1998. – 313s.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the main models of physicality in ethics and philosophy. The author of the article describes the following approaches ('paradigms') to the concepts of 'body' and 'physicality' in modern philosophy: 1) the 'paradigm' of existence (existential or holisti approach to body); 2) the 'paradigm' of possession (instrumental or functional concepts of body); 3) the 'paradigm' of construction (body as a project or a technological artefact). Each model involves particular standards and sets a certain type of formation of anthropological borders and anthropological norms. By applying the historical-philosophical approach and ethical analysis, the author demonstrates that in a life of a modern man there is always the dialectics of existence, possession and construction. The author concludes that at the epoch of the intensive technological development, body technologies created as a result of the external socio-cultural transformation of the biotic substrate ('physicality') are gradually turning into the body techologies that are the results of the symbiosis between life and technology. Potential integration of biotechnologies into a human body that have the effects of socialization and education creates new forms of 'self-care'. 

Ключевые слова: body, physicality, philosophy of body, ethics of physicality, anthropological borders, cyborgization of man, self-care, construction of man, designing of man, body-oriented researches

Библиография:
Dennet D. Vidy psikhiki: na puti k ponimaniyu soznaniya. M.: Ideya-Press, 2004.-http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Psihol/denn
Tam zhe. S. 56.
Tishchenko P.D. Mashina kak antropoproektsiya (zond) // Rabochie tetradi po bioetike. Vypusk 17. Chelovek-NBIC mashina (filosofskie issledovaniya). Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Moskva. 2013. S. 9.
Tam zhe.
Sm.: Marsel' Enaff. Markiz de Sad. Izobretenie tela libertena // SPb: ITs «Gumanitarnaya Akademiya», 2005.
Fuko M. Nadzirat' i nakazyvat' // http://www. philosophy. ru/library/foucault/03/fuko_oglavlenie. html
Merlo-Ponti M. Fenomenologiya vospriyatiya // SPb.: Yuventa, Nauka. 1999. S. 460.
Tam zhe. S. 460.
Sm.: Yoas Kh. Kreativnost' deystviya. SPb.: Aleteyya. 2005. S. 278.
Tam zhe. S. 258.
Sm.: Tam zhe.
Sm.: Gelen A. O sistematike antropologii // Problema cheloveka v zapadnoy filosofii: Perevody/ Sost. i poslesl. P.S. Gurevicha; Obshch. red. Yu. N. Popova. M.: Progress, 1988.
Dennet D. Vidy psikhiki: na puti k ponimaniyu soznaniya. M.: Ideya-Press, 2004.-http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Psihol/denn/
Fromm E. Imet' ili byt' // http://psylib. biz/bpage/13/1
Leyng R. Razdelennoe Ya // Logos. M. , 1992, № 3.
Il'in I.A. Filosofiya Gegelya kak uchenie o konkretnosti Boga i cheloveka. SPb: Nauka, 1994. S. 336.
E.M. Spirova Plasticheskaya operatsiya i obraz tela // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2010. - 1. - C. 79 - 89.
V.V. Mal'tseva Filosofiya telesnosti v svete kontseptsii kul'tury vremeni // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2012. - 11. - C. 39 - 43.
Dzh. Bullington Fenomenologicheskiy podkhod
k vyrazheniyu psikhosomaticheskogo tela.
Glava 2. Zhivoe telo
(perevod E.G. Rudnevoy) // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 5. - C. 492 - 505. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.5.8741.
V. M. Rozin Tri dushi znatnogo egiptyanina
drevnego mira: «ba», «ka», «akh» // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2013. - 1. - C. 67 - 72. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2013.01.7.
Ya.V. Chesnov Igra, zhenshchina i matematika // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2013. - 2. - C. 182 - 196. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.02.6.
L. Bertalanfi Novyy podkhod k probleme dush i i tela
Perevod E.G. Rudnevoy // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2012. - 10. - C. 77 - 89.
V. A. Sukovataya «Drugoy» u Gomera:
semantika gendera i seksual'nosti // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. - 2012. - 6. - C. 52 - 60.
V.O. Bogdanova Epistemologiya telesnosti: ot modeli
«telo-protez» k modeli «telo-soznanie». // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 2. - C. 9 - 19.
Ya.V. Chesnov Ekzistentsiya: niz tela // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 4. - C. 46 - 57.
Dzh.T. Dzhafarova Ekzistentsiya starosti // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2012. - 12. - C. 71 - 77.
Yu.A. Knyazeva Telesnye maski dushevnykh bolezney. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2011. - 1. - C. 15 - 24.

References (transliteration):
Dennet D. Vidy psikhiki: na puti k ponimaniyu soznaniya. M.: Ideya-Press, 2004.-http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Psihol/denn
Tam zhe. S. 56.
Tishchenko P.D. Mashina kak antropoproektsiya (zond) // Rabochie tetradi po bioetike. Vypusk 17. Chelovek-NBIC mashina (filosofskie issledovaniya). Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Moskva. 2013. S. 9.
Tam zhe.
Sm.: Marsel' Enaff. Markiz de Sad. Izobretenie tela libertena // SPb: ITs «Gumanitarnaya Akademiya», 2005.
Fuko M. Nadzirat' i nakazyvat' // http://www. philosophy. ru/library/foucault/03/fuko_oglavlenie. html
Merlo-Ponti M. Fenomenologiya vospriyatiya // SPb.: Yuventa, Nauka. 1999. S. 460.
Tam zhe. S. 460.
Sm.: Yoas Kh. Kreativnost' deystviya. SPb.: Aleteyya. 2005. S. 278.
Tam zhe. S. 258.
Sm.: Tam zhe.
Sm.: Gelen A. O sistematike antropologii // Problema cheloveka v zapadnoy filosofii: Perevody/ Sost. i poslesl. P.S. Gurevicha; Obshch. red. Yu. N. Popova. M.: Progress, 1988.
Dennet D. Vidy psikhiki: na puti k ponimaniyu soznaniya. M.: Ideya-Press, 2004.-http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Psihol/denn/
Fromm E. Imet' ili byt' // http://psylib. biz/bpage/13/1
Leyng R. Razdelennoe Ya // Logos. M. , 1992, № 3.
Il'in I.A. Filosofiya Gegelya kak uchenie o konkretnosti Boga i cheloveka. SPb: Nauka, 1994. S. 336.
E.M. Spirova Plasticheskaya operatsiya i obraz tela // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2010. - 1. - C. 79 - 89.
V.V. Mal'tseva Filosofiya telesnosti v svete kontseptsii kul'tury vremeni // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2012. - 11. - C. 39 - 43.
Dzh. Bullington Fenomenologicheskiy podkhod
k vyrazheniyu psikhosomaticheskogo tela.
Glava 2. Zhivoe telo
(perevod E.G. Rudnevoy) // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 5. - C. 492 - 505. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.5.8741.
V. M. Rozin Tri dushi znatnogo egiptyanina
drevnego mira: «ba», «ka», «akh» // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2013. - 1. - C. 67 - 72. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2013.01.7.
Ya.V. Chesnov Igra, zhenshchina i matematika // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2013. - 2. - C. 182 - 196. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.02.6.
L. Bertalanfi Novyy podkhod k probleme dush i i tela
Perevod E.G. Rudnevoy // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2012. - 10. - C. 77 - 89.
V. A. Sukovataya «Drugoy» u Gomera:
semantika gendera i seksual'nosti // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. - 2012. - 6. - C. 52 - 60.
V.O. Bogdanova Epistemologiya telesnosti: ot modeli
«telo-protez» k modeli «telo-soznanie». // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 2. - C. 9 - 19.
Ya.V. Chesnov Ekzistentsiya: niz tela // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 4. - C. 46 - 57.
Dzh.T. Dzhafarova Ekzistentsiya starosti // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2012. - 12. - C. 71 - 77.
Yu.A. Knyazeva Telesnye maski dushevnykh bolezney. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2011. - 1. - C. 15 - 24.

Аннотация: According to the author of the article, there are the two basic approaches to defining the sacral. Based on the first approach, the sacral is understood as an anthropological structure, the second approach views the sacral as a nonstructured anthropological phenomenon. In her article Rostova analyzes the classification of anthropological space which is the most common in Europe. In this classification the sacral plays the role of the primary shapeless givenness confined by the structure. Based on Rostova, that approach was practiced by Sigmund Freud, Georges Bataille, Roger Caillois, William Turner, Mary Douglas and Rene Girard. Rostova carries out a critical analysis of their theories. Analysis of theories of the sacral has allowed Rostova to find the invariant and define the main conceptual problems associated with it. The common ideas typical for this approach include the concept of taboo as something to be broken; the concepts of holiday as a sacral time for committing a crime, of a victim as a waste not allowed at the usual time and of a rhythm allowing the sacral to happen in the course of time. Among the most serious theoretical issues of this approach, the author names the following: inability to differentiate human from an animal and, therefore, to prove the need for the non-structured within a structure; and combination of the chaos of anti-structure and the concepts of consciousness and sociality.

Ключевые слова: sacral, anthropological chaos, non-structured, consciousness, philosophical anthropology, taboo, crime, holiday, violence, waste.

Библиография:
Batay Zh. Vlechenie i otvrashchenie.
Sotsial'naya struktura/Kollezh sotsiologii. Spb.: Nauka, 2004. 2.Batay Zh. Leyris M. Primechaniya k «Sakral'nomu»/ Batay Zh. Pen'o K. Sakral'noe. Tver': KOLONNA PUBLICATIONS, 2010.
Batay Zh. Mogila Laury/ Batay Zh. Pen'o K. Sakral'noe. Tver': KOLONNA PUBLICATIONS, 2010.
Batay Zh. Tekst Zhorzha Bataya/Kollezh sotsiologii. Spb.: Nauka, 2004.
Batay Zh. Erotika/ «Proklyataya chast'»: Sakral'naya sotsiologiya. M.: Ladomir, 2006.
Gennep A., van. Obryady perekhoda. Sistematicheskoe izuchenie obryadov. M.: Izdatel'skaya firma «Vostochnaya literatura» RAN, 1999.
Duglas M. Chistota i opasnost'. M.: KANON-press-Ts», «Kuchkovo pole», 2000.
Zhirar R. Nasilie i svyashchennoe. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2010.
Kayua R. Dvoystvennost' sakral'nogo/Kollezh sotsiologii. Spb.: Nauka, 2004.
Kayua R. Prazdnik/Kollezh sotsiologii. Spb.: Nauka, 2004.
Pen'o K.Istoriya odnoy devochki/ Batay Zh. Pen'o K. Sakral'noe. Tver': KOLONNA PUBLICATIONS, 2010.
Terner V. Simvol i ritual. M.: Nauka, 1983.
Freyd Z. Neudovletvorennost' kul'turoy. Osnovnoy instinkt. M.: Olimp; OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST-LTD», 1997.
Laura Levi Makarius, Le sacré et la violation des interdits, Payot, 1974.

References (transliteration):
Batay Zh. Vlechenie i otvrashchenie.
Sotsial'naya struktura/Kollezh sotsiologii. Spb.: Nauka, 2004. 2.Batay Zh. Leyris M. Primechaniya k «Sakral'nomu»/ Batay Zh. Pen'o K. Sakral'noe. Tver': KOLONNA PUBLICATIONS, 2010.
Batay Zh. Mogila Laury/ Batay Zh. Pen'o K. Sakral'noe. Tver': KOLONNA PUBLICATIONS, 2010.
Batay Zh. Tekst Zhorzha Bataya/Kollezh sotsiologii. Spb.: Nauka, 2004.
Batay Zh. Erotika/ «Proklyataya chast'»: Sakral'naya sotsiologiya. M.: Ladomir, 2006.
Gennep A., van. Obryady perekhoda. Sistematicheskoe izuchenie obryadov. M.: Izdatel'skaya firma «Vostochnaya literatura» RAN, 1999.
Duglas M. Chistota i opasnost'. M.: KANON-press-Ts», «Kuchkovo pole», 2000.
Zhirar R. Nasilie i svyashchennoe. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2010.
Kayua R. Dvoystvennost' sakral'nogo/Kollezh sotsiologii. Spb.: Nauka, 2004.
Kayua R. Prazdnik/Kollezh sotsiologii. Spb.: Nauka, 2004.
Pen'o K.Istoriya odnoy devochki/ Batay Zh. Pen'o K. Sakral'noe. Tver': KOLONNA PUBLICATIONS, 2010.
Terner V. Simvol i ritual. M.: Nauka, 1983.
Freyd Z. Neudovletvorennost' kul'turoy. Osnovnoy instinkt. M.: Olimp; OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST-LTD», 1997.
Laura Levi Makarius, Le sacré et la violation des interdits, Payot, 1974.

Аннотация: The author of the article describes the development of bio-socio-cultural model of human nature. Based on this model, the author defines the main historical epochs, tendencies and prospects of the existence and development of human in a modern world. The author predicts an increasingly reinforcement of processes and phenomena indicative of culture-centered modification of human nature. The author underlines that despite the concerns expressed by Margareta Bertilsson and Jean Baudrillard, this circumstance does not mean the end or implosion of social or natural determination of human but transformation of the level of their activity. Based on the critical analysis of the ideas of Russian and foreign philosophers (E. Barkova, V. Davidovich, B. Latour, M. Kagan, Yu. Fedorov and A. Schutz), the author establishes the hypothesis about a particular way of existence and functioning of culture as an internal contradictory unity of an objectified subject and subjectified object. Interpreting ‘item’, ‘standard’, ‘value’ and ‘symbol’ as the main and general forms, the author makes a conclusion about the methodological importance of the subjective (David Durkheim), standard (Claude Levi-Strauss), axiological (Heinrich Rickert) and symbolic (Ernst Cassirer) concepts of culture.

Ключевые слова: methodology, human nature, archaic character, civilization, culture, item, standard, value, symbol, human creating potential.

Библиография:
Bertil'sson M. Vtoroe rozhdenie prirody: posledstviya dlya kategorii sotsial'noe // Sotsis. 2002. № 9. S. 118-128.
Bodriyyar Zh. V teni molchalivogo bol'shinstva, ili konets sotsial'nogo. Izdatel'stvo Ural'skogo universiteta, 2000.
Gobbs T. Chelovecheskaya priroda // Sochineniya v 2 t. T.1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Gurevich P.S. Kul'turologiya. M.: KNORUS, 2011.
Dyurkgeym E. Sotsiologiya. Ee predmet, metod, prednaznachenie // Per. s fr., sostavlenie, posleslovie i primechaniya A.B. Gofmana. M.: Kanon, 1995.
Kagan M.S. Filosofiya kul'tury. SPb.: TOO TK «Petropolis», 1996.
Kassirer Ernst. Izbrannoe. Opyt o cheloveke. M.: Gardarika, 1998.
Latur B. Ob interob'ektivnosti // Sotsiologicheskoe obozrenie. Tom 6. № 2. 2007. S 79-96.
Levi-Stross K. Strukturnaya antropologiya. M.: EKSMO-Press, 2001.
Marks K. Tezisy o Feyerbakhe // K. Marks i F. Engel's. Soch. Izdanie vtoroe. T. 42. M.: Izdatel'stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1974. S. 261-263.
Plesner Kh. Stupeni organicheskogo i chelovek // Problema cheloveka v zapadnoy filosofii: perevody / sost. i poslesl. P.S. Gurevicha; obshch. red. Yu.N. Popova. M.: Progress, 1988. S. 96-151.
Polishchuk V.I. Ideya kul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. 2012. № 1.S. 204-217. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2012.1.87. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/fr/article_87.html
Rikkert G. Nauki o prirode i nauki o kul'ture // Kul'turologiya. KhKh vek. Antologiya. M.: Yurist, 1995. S. 69-103.
Uayt Lesli A. Ponyatie kul'tury // Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. T.1. Interpretatsii kul'tury. SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, 1997. S. 17-48.
Shyuts A. Izbrannoe: Mir, svetyashchiysya smyslom / Per. s nem. i angl. M.: «Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya» (ROSSPEN), 2004.
Popov E.A. Kul'tura, obshchestvo i chelovek v ob'ektno-predmetnom pole sovremennoy sotsial'noy kul'turologii i sotsiologii kul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2013. - 3. - C. 170 - 204. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.3.415. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_415.html
K.M. Dolgov Kul'tura v epokhu globalizatsii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 9. - C. 38 - 43.
R.N. Paleev Antropologicheskiy aspekt evolyutsii sotsial'no-kul'turnykh norm // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 6. - C. 52 - 67.
E.M. Spirova Simvol kak antropologicheskoe ponyatie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 8. - C. 36 - 43.

References (transliteration):
Bertil'sson M. Vtoroe rozhdenie prirody: posledstviya dlya kategorii sotsial'noe // Sotsis. 2002. № 9. S. 118-128.
Bodriyyar Zh. V teni molchalivogo bol'shinstva, ili konets sotsial'nogo. Izdatel'stvo Ural'skogo universiteta, 2000.
Gobbs T. Chelovecheskaya priroda // Sochineniya v 2 t. T.1. M.: Mysl', 1989.
Gurevich P.S. Kul'turologiya. M.: KNORUS, 2011.
Dyurkgeym E. Sotsiologiya. Ee predmet, metod, prednaznachenie // Per. s fr., sostavlenie, posleslovie i primechaniya A.B. Gofmana. M.: Kanon, 1995.
Kagan M.S. Filosofiya kul'tury. SPb.: TOO TK «Petropolis», 1996.
Kassirer Ernst. Izbrannoe. Opyt o cheloveke. M.: Gardarika, 1998.
Latur B. Ob interob'ektivnosti // Sotsiologicheskoe obozrenie. Tom 6. № 2. 2007. S 79-96.
Levi-Stross K. Strukturnaya antropologiya. M.: EKSMO-Press, 2001.
Marks K. Tezisy o Feyerbakhe // K. Marks i F. Engel's. Soch. Izdanie vtoroe. T. 42. M.: Izdatel'stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1974. S. 261-263.
Plesner Kh. Stupeni organicheskogo i chelovek // Problema cheloveka v zapadnoy filosofii: perevody / sost. i poslesl. P.S. Gurevicha; obshch. red. Yu.N. Popova. M.: Progress, 1988. S. 96-151.
Polishchuk V.I. Ideya kul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. 2012. № 1.S. 204-217. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2012.1.87. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/fr/article_87.html
Rikkert G. Nauki o prirode i nauki o kul'ture // Kul'turologiya. KhKh vek. Antologiya. M.: Yurist, 1995. S. 69-103.
Uayt Lesli A. Ponyatie kul'tury // Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. T.1. Interpretatsii kul'tury. SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, 1997. S. 17-48.
Shyuts A. Izbrannoe: Mir, svetyashchiysya smyslom / Per. s nem. i angl. M.: «Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya» (ROSSPEN), 2004.
Popov E.A. Kul'tura, obshchestvo i chelovek v ob'ektno-predmetnom pole sovremennoy sotsial'noy kul'turologii i sotsiologii kul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2013. - 3. - C. 170 - 204. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.3.415. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_415.html
K.M. Dolgov Kul'tura v epokhu globalizatsii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 9. - C. 38 - 43.
R.N. Paleev Antropologicheskiy aspekt evolyutsii sotsial'no-kul'turnykh norm // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 6. - C. 52 - 67.
E.M. Spirova Simvol kak antropologicheskoe ponyatie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 8. - C. 36 - 43.

Аннотация: The conversation of A. Nilogov with P. Gurevich is devoted to the modern trends in Russian philosophical anthropology. They talk about works written by V. Kutyrev, F. Girenokand other philosophers. Each author maintains his own definite position in philosophical understanding of human. V. Kutyrev, for example, shows himself as a consistent critic of innovationism as it was introduced in trans-humanism. V. Kutyrev proves that modern culture demonstrates the death instinct and this creates a threat for the humanity. F. Girenok holds himself as anarcheo-avantgardist and offers his own variants of the concepts that have been formed in philosophy and reflect interpretations of human. In their discussion A. Nilogov and P. Gurevich used the methods of historical analysis allowing to define trends in philosophical anthropology. They also applied the hermeneutic approach that allows to interpret the current situation in Russian philosophical anthropology. The novelty of the discussion is that the participants of the discussion tried to understand current trends in philosophy that are related to human, to discover the main issues of philosophy, to compare different positions and to clarity the meaning of polemic arguments. A. Nilogov and P. Gurevich noted that the range of issues under discussion should be expanded and historical fates of Russian philosophy should be discussed as well as possible influence of philosophy on modern elites.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, philosophical anthropology, human, death instinct, fiction, ‘death of human’, insanity, transhumanism, technology project, cyborg.

Контактная информация: Gurevich Pavel Semenovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, Volkhonka str., h. 14/1, bld. 5, room No. 432.

Библиография:
Nordau M. Vyrozhdenie. M., 1995. S. 214.
Kutyrev V.A., Nilogov A.S. Ob ekspansii vysokikh (postchelovecheskikh) tekhnologiy, ee perspektive, ikh tvortsakh i zhertvakh // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. 2014. № 1. S. 164-202. (URL: http://e-notabene.ru/fr/article_10676.html).
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Gurevich P.S. Filosofskaya interpretatsiya cheloveka. M., 2013.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Egorova I.V. Nuzhna li nam ideologiya? Kruglyy stol // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 1 (55). S. 99-120.
Gurevich P.S., Paleeva N.N. Filosofiya kul'tury. M., 2014.
Kutyrev V.A., Nilogov A.S. Pro et contra innovatsionizma: za sokhranenie antropomorfnoy realizatsii vozmozhnykh mirov // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 2 (74). S. 180-189.
Gurevich P.S. Lgat' ili ne lgat' – vot v chem vopros // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. 2012. № 3 (07). S. 38-56.
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz lichnosti. M., 2012.
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B'yukenen Patrik Dzh. Smert' Zapada. M., 2004.
Vysheslavtsev B.P. Etika preobrazhennogo Erosa. Chto takoe ya Sam? M., 2002.
Gurevich P.S. Antropologicheskie i esteticheskie idei Fedora Girenka // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. 2012. № 1 (05). S. 31-40.

References (transliteration):
Nordau M. Vyrozhdenie. M., 1995. S. 214.
Kutyrev V.A., Nilogov A.S. Ob ekspansii vysokikh (postchelovecheskikh) tekhnologiy, ee perspektive, ikh tvortsakh i zhertvakh // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. 2014. № 1. S. 164-202. (URL: http://e-notabene.ru/fr/article_10676.html).
Slavoy Zizec. Kant and Sade: the Ideal Couple // Lacanian Ink. N.Y., 1998. № 13. P. 12-25.
Spektr antropologicheskikh ucheniy. Vypusk 6 / otv. red. P.S. Gurevich. M., 2014.
Spektr antropologicheskikh ucheniy. Vypusk 5 / otv. red. P.S. Gurevich. M., 2013.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskaya interpretatsiya cheloveka. M., 2013.
Gurevich P.S., Bueva L.P., Egorova I.V. Nuzhna li nam ideologiya? Kruglyy stol // Vestnik analitiki. 2014. № 1 (55). S. 99-120.
Gurevich P.S., Paleeva N.N. Filosofiya kul'tury. M., 2014.
Kutyrev V.A., Nilogov A.S. Pro et contra innovatsionizma: za sokhranenie antropomorfnoy realizatsii vozmozhnykh mirov // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 2 (74). S. 180-189.
Gurevich P.S. Lgat' ili ne lgat' – vot v chem vopros // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. 2012. № 3 (07). S. 38-56.
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz lichnosti. M., 2012.
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz: V 2-kh t. M., 2013.
B'yukenen Patrik Dzh. Smert' Zapada. M., 2004.
Vysheslavtsev B.P. Etika preobrazhennogo Erosa. Chto takoe ya Sam? M., 2002.
Gurevich P.S. Antropologicheskie i esteticheskie idei Fedora Girenka // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. 2012. № 1 (05). S. 31-40.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the methodological concepts lying in the basis of the solution of philosophical and anthropological tasks based on Homer’s poems and expressions of the ‘first philosophers’ (Heraclitus and Parmenides). These tasks are usually solved by applying later concepts and terms to interpretation of ancient Greek texts. By calling that approach ‘stylization’, the author of the present article points out obvious disadvantages of it and tries to find an alternative approach. The purpose of the article is to establish methodological grounds for another approach which would go beyond the limits of the ‘stylizing’ approach. As a result, the author outlines the approach to studying the ancient man through practices mentioned in speeches and orations of Homer, Heraclitus and Parmenides.

Ключевые слова: human, ancient times, philosophical anthropology, Homer, Heraclitus, Parmenides, stylization, truth, personality.

Контактная информация: Manin Ivan Andreevich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, GSP-1, Lomonosovsky prospect, h. 27, corp. 4.

Библиография:
Akhmanov A.S. Logicheskoe uchenie Aristotelya. M.,2002.
Vernan Zh.-P. Proiskhozhdenie drevnegrecheskoy mysli. M., 1988.
Gegel' G.V.F. Filosofskaya propedevtika // Gegel' G.V.F. Raboty raznykh let. V 2 tt., t. 2. M., 1971.
Gomer. Odisseya // Gomer. Iliada. Odisseya. M., 2006.-S. 487-820.
Kaydakov S.V. Chelovek v zerkale antichnoy filosofii. M., 2002.
Losev A.F. Istoriya antichnoy estetiki. Itogi tysyacheletnego razvitiya. V 2 kn. Kn. 2. Khar'kov, M., 2000.
Aristotel'. Poetika // Aristotel'. Poetika. Ritorika. SPb., 2007. – S. 21-70.
Aristotel'. Metafizika // Aristotel'. Soch. v 4-kh tt., t.1. M., 1976.-S. 63-368.
Ado P. Filosofiya kak sposob zhit'. M.; SPb., 2005.
Losev A.F. Ocherki antichnogo simvolizma i mifologii. M., 1993.
Lukasevich Ya. Aristotelevskaya sillogistika s tochki zreniya sovremennoy formal'noy logiki. M.,1959.
Platon. Fedon // Platon. Sobr. soch. v 4-kh tt., t.2. M.,1993.-S. 7-80.
Frankfort G., Frankfort G.A., Uilson Dzh., Yakobsen T. V preddverii filosofii. Dukhovnye iskaniya drevnego cheloveka. SPb., 2001.
Khaydegger M. Chto zovetsya myshleniem? M., 2006.
Eynshteyn A. Bez formul. M., 2003.
Fragmenty rannikh grecheskikh filosofov. Ch. I. M., 1989.
Plato. Phaedo // Platonis Opera quae feruntur omnia. Ed. M. Schanz. Vol. 1. – 1875. – p. 8-186.

References (transliteration):
Akhmanov A.S. Logicheskoe uchenie Aristotelya. M.,2002.
Vernan Zh.-P. Proiskhozhdenie drevnegrecheskoy mysli. M., 1988.
Gegel' G.V.F. Filosofskaya propedevtika // Gegel' G.V.F. Raboty raznykh let. V 2 tt., t. 2. M., 1971.
Gomer. Odisseya // Gomer. Iliada. Odisseya. M., 2006.-S. 487-820.
Kaydakov S.V. Chelovek v zerkale antichnoy filosofii. M., 2002.
Losev A.F. Istoriya antichnoy estetiki. Itogi tysyacheletnego razvitiya. V 2 kn. Kn. 2. Khar'kov, M., 2000.
Aristotel'. Poetika // Aristotel'. Poetika. Ritorika. SPb., 2007. – S. 21-70.
Aristotel'. Metafizika // Aristotel'. Soch. v 4-kh tt., t.1. M., 1976.-S. 63-368.
Ado P. Filosofiya kak sposob zhit'. M.; SPb., 2005.
Losev A.F. Ocherki antichnogo simvolizma i mifologii. M., 1993.
Lukasevich Ya. Aristotelevskaya sillogistika s tochki zreniya sovremennoy formal'noy logiki. M.,1959.
Platon. Fedon // Platon. Sobr. soch. v 4-kh tt., t.2. M.,1993.-S. 7-80.
Frankfort G., Frankfort G.A., Uilson Dzh., Yakobsen T. V preddverii filosofii. Dukhovnye iskaniya drevnego cheloveka. SPb., 2001.
Khaydegger M. Chto zovetsya myshleniem? M., 2006.
Eynshteyn A. Bez formul. M., 2003.
Fragmenty rannikh grecheskikh filosofov. Ch. I. M., 1989.
Plato. Phaedo // Platonis Opera quae feruntur omnia. Ed. M. Schanz. Vol. 1. – 1875. – p. 8-186.

Аннотация: The subject under review of the present research article is Chizhevsky’s philosophical and anthropological views that are presented in his two metaphysical works ‘The First Principles of the Universe. The Cosmic System.The Problems’ and ‘ElectronicTheoryandGenesisofForms.TheProblem’.Much attention is paid not only to the general description of the aforesaid works and reconstruction of Alexander Chizhevsky’s philosophical concept of human but also to touching upon questions that may arise in understanding these theories. Philosophical and anthropological views of Alexander Chizhevsky are studied taking into account the fact that his scientific research was conducted according to the tradition of the Russian cosmism. This allows to demonstrate how the ideas of ‘Leonardo da Vinci of the 20th century’ contribute to the particular philosophical tradition as well as to describe their singularity. The following methods were used in the research: analysis of text- based sources (including materials from the funds of the 1703 Archive of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation), comparison, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, classification, generalization and historical method. The scientific novelty of the research is in reconstruction of Chizhevsky’s philosophical and anthropological views presented in his works as well as pointing out the problems and contradictions of these views. Based on the statement that Alexander Chizhevsky’s metaphysical concept of human is the part of his world view, the latter influencing Chizhevksy’s creative work in general, the author emphasizes the need for studying Chizhevsky’s metaphysical views in order to adequately evaluate and describe the heuristic potential of the cultural heritage of Leonardo da Vinci of the 20th century’.

Ключевые слова: Chizhevsky, philosophy, cosmism, philosophical anthropology, monism, electronic theory, Palingenesis, holism, mind, evolution.

Контактная информация: Zvonova Ekaterina Evgenievna, 119991, Russia, Moscow, Lomonosovsky prospect 27, korp. 4, kab. G-259.

Библиография:
Budanov V. G. Metodologiya sinergetiki v postneklassicheskoy nauke i v obrazovanii. M.: Izdatel'stvo LKI, 2008. 232s.
Budanov V. G. Sinergeticheskoe modelirovanie slozhnykh sistem. // Filosofskie nauki, 2007. №4. S. 114-131.
Gurevich P. S. Filosofskaya antropologiya: uchebnoe posobie/ P.S. Gurevich. 2-e izd., ster. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Omega-L», 2010. 607 s.
Zakharov M. L. Antropologicheskie i antropokosmicheskie vozzreniya A. L. Chizhevskogo. Vestnik MGTU. 2008. T. 11. №4. S.732-736.
Zvonova E. E.. O kosmicheskom soznanii A. L. Chizhevskogo // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika, 2014-2. S. 139-151.
Zvonova E. E.. Religiozno-misticheskie vzglyady Tsiolkovskogo i Chizhevskogo v svete predstavleniy o kosmicheskom soznanii i kontseptsii kosmicheskoy igry. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika, 2014-3. S. 329-342.
Issledovanie Chizhevskogo A. L. «Elektronnaya teoriya i genezis form. Problema» v 2-kh ch. Avtograf. // Arkhiv RAN 1703. Op. 1. D. 2. 224 l.
Istoriya filosofii: Uchebnik dlya vuzov / pod red. V. V. Vasil'eva, A. A. Krotova i D. V. Bugaya. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2005. 680 s.
Kazyutinskiy V. V. Chizhevskiy kak myslitel'. URL : http://library303.narod.ru/third/rebirth170.html. (data obrashcheniya: 01.05.2014).
Osnovnoe nachalo mirozdaniya // Dukhovnoe sozertsanie. 1997. №№ 1-2. S. 105-136.
Osnovnoe nachalo mirozdaniya // Dukhovnoe sozertsanie. 1997. №№ 3-4. S. 85-113.
Paskal' B. «Mysli» URL : http://predanie.ru/lib/book/read/78350/#toc2. (data obrashcheniya 01.05.14).
Prigozhin I., Stengers I. Poryadok iz khaosa: Novyy dialog cheloveka s prirodoy: pod obshch. red. V. I. Arshinova, Yu. L. Klimontovicha i Yu. V. Sachkova: per. s angl./ M.: Progress, 1986. 432 s.
Russkiy kosmizm: Antologiya filosofskoy mysli / sost. S. G. Semenova, A. G. Gacheva. Vstup. st.: S. G. Gacheva; predisl.: S. G. Semenova; primech.: A. G. Gacheva. M.: Pedagogika: Press, 1993. 232 s.
Terekhov S. V. Evolyutsionnye idei v estestvennonauchnom napravlenii russkogo kosmizma (K. E. Tsiolkovskiy, A. L. Chizhevskiy, V. I. Vernadskiy). Orel: GOU VPO «OGU», 2011. 152 s.
Chizhevskiy A. L. Na beregu Vselennoy. Vospominaniya o K. E. Tsiolkovskom. M.: Ayris-press, 2007. 448 s.

References (transliteration):
Budanov V. G. Metodologiya sinergetiki v postneklassicheskoy nauke i v obrazovanii. M.: Izdatel'stvo LKI, 2008. 232s.
Budanov V. G. Sinergeticheskoe modelirovanie slozhnykh sistem. // Filosofskie nauki, 2007. №4. S. 114-131.
Gurevich P. S. Filosofskaya antropologiya: uchebnoe posobie/ P.S. Gurevich. 2-e izd., ster. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Omega-L», 2010. 607 s.
Zakharov M. L. Antropologicheskie i antropokosmicheskie vozzreniya A. L. Chizhevskogo. Vestnik MGTU. 2008. T. 11. №4. S.732-736.
Zvonova E. E.. O kosmicheskom soznanii A. L. Chizhevskogo // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika, 2014-2. S. 139-151.
Zvonova E. E.. Religiozno-misticheskie vzglyady Tsiolkovskogo i Chizhevskogo v svete predstavleniy o kosmicheskom soznanii i kontseptsii kosmicheskoy igry. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika, 2014-3. S. 329-342.
Issledovanie Chizhevskogo A. L. «Elektronnaya teoriya i genezis form. Problema» v 2-kh ch. Avtograf. // Arkhiv RAN 1703. Op. 1. D. 2. 224 l.
Istoriya filosofii: Uchebnik dlya vuzov / pod red. V. V. Vasil'eva, A. A. Krotova i D. V. Bugaya. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2005. 680 s.
Kazyutinskiy V. V. Chizhevskiy kak myslitel'. URL : http://library303.narod.ru/third/rebirth170.html. (data obrashcheniya: 01.05.2014).
Osnovnoe nachalo mirozdaniya // Dukhovnoe sozertsanie. 1997. №№ 1-2. S. 105-136.
Osnovnoe nachalo mirozdaniya // Dukhovnoe sozertsanie. 1997. №№ 3-4. S. 85-113.
Paskal' B. «Mysli» URL : http://predanie.ru/lib/book/read/78350/#toc2. (data obrashcheniya 01.05.14).
Prigozhin I., Stengers I. Poryadok iz khaosa: Novyy dialog cheloveka s prirodoy: pod obshch. red. V. I. Arshinova, Yu. L. Klimontovicha i Yu. V. Sachkova: per. s angl./ M.: Progress, 1986. 432 s.
Russkiy kosmizm: Antologiya filosofskoy mysli / sost. S. G. Semenova, A. G. Gacheva. Vstup. st.: S. G. Gacheva; predisl.: S. G. Semenova; primech.: A. G. Gacheva. M.: Pedagogika: Press, 1993. 232 s.
Terekhov S. V. Evolyutsionnye idei v estestvennonauchnom napravlenii russkogo kosmizma (K. E. Tsiolkovskiy, A. L. Chizhevskiy, V. I. Vernadskiy). Orel: GOU VPO «OGU», 2011. 152 s.
Chizhevskiy A. L. Na beregu Vselennoy. Vospominaniya o K. E. Tsiolkovskom. M.: Ayris-press, 2007. 448 s.

Аннотация: The author of the present article views the feeling and experience of pleasure as a tool for reconstruction of human’s essential nature by using a special construct called ‘hedonistic human’. The feeling of pleasure acts as an essential element participating in the genesis of the origin of human, his consciousness and culture. The phenomenon of pleasure goes beyond the scope of direct psychological and ethnic interpretations and acts as the central feature of human being, social and cultural processes and axiological field of a modern society. The author of the article also analyzes cultural values related to the feeling and experience of pleasure as well as consequences of actualization of hedonistic artifacts in the society and forms of their transmission and interpretation. The methodological base of the research is presented by works and researches carried out in the spheres of phenomenology, philosophical anthropology and philosophy of culture. The author also describes psychoanalytical, phenomenological and post-modernistic approaches to and interpretations of the phenomenon of pleasure. The author also describes how the hedonistic axiology applies to Russian reality. The construct of ‘hedonistic human’ is introduced by the author similarly with other definitions of human reflecting human’s essential nature such as homo sapiens (‘reasonable human’), working human, playing human, laughing human, ashamed human and so on.

Ключевые слова: consumer society, essential definitions of human, Russian value consciousness, emotions, origin of human, phenomenology of consciousness, sexuality, pleasure, hedonistic values, cultural values.

Контактная информация: Emelianov Alexander Vladimirovich, 426034, Russia, Izhevsk, ul. V. Sivkova 12А.

Библиография:
Bazhenov M.V. Bytie styda (styd v cheloveke, chelovek v styde). – Izhevsk: Izd-vo IzhGTU, 2009.
Boroday Yu.M. Ot fantazii k real'nosti. – M.: Izd-vo IF RAN, 1995
Gadamer G.G. Dialekticheskaya etika Platona.-SPb, 2000.
Zhizhek S. 13 opytov o Lenine. – M.: Ad Marginem, 2003
Kostetskiy V.V. Chelovek v ekstaze.-Tyumen': Izd-vo Tyumenskogo mezhdunarodnogo kolledzha, 1996.
Levinas E. Vremya i drugoy. Gumanizm drugogo cheloveka. * SPb.: Vysshaya religiozno-filosofskaya shkola, 1999.
Markov B.V. Istina i udovol'stvie //Filosofiya pira: opyt postizheniya. – SPb: Izdatel'sko-torgovyy dom “Letniy sad”, 1999. – s.22-26
Miroshnikov Yu.I. Aksiologiya: kontseptsiya emotivizma. – Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN, 2007.
Nitsshe F. Volya k vlasti. – Kazan', 1994.
Freyd Z. Po tu storonu printsipa udovol'stviya. //Freyd Z. Psikhologiya bessoznatel'nogo. – M.:Prosveshchenie, 1990.-s.382-424
Fuko M. Volya k istine. – M.: Magisterium, 1996.

References (transliteration):
Bazhenov M.V. Bytie styda (styd v cheloveke, chelovek v styde). – Izhevsk: Izd-vo IzhGTU, 2009.
Boroday Yu.M. Ot fantazii k real'nosti. – M.: Izd-vo IF RAN, 1995
Gadamer G.G. Dialekticheskaya etika Platona.-SPb, 2000.
Zhizhek S. 13 opytov o Lenine. – M.: Ad Marginem, 2003
Kostetskiy V.V. Chelovek v ekstaze.-Tyumen': Izd-vo Tyumenskogo mezhdunarodnogo kolledzha, 1996.
Levinas E. Vremya i drugoy. Gumanizm drugogo cheloveka. * SPb.: Vysshaya religiozno-filosofskaya shkola, 1999.
Markov B.V. Istina i udovol'stvie //Filosofiya pira: opyt postizheniya. – SPb: Izdatel'sko-torgovyy dom “Letniy sad”, 1999. – s.22-26
Miroshnikov Yu.I. Aksiologiya: kontseptsiya emotivizma. – Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN, 2007.
Nitsshe F. Volya k vlasti. – Kazan', 1994.
Freyd Z. Po tu storonu printsipa udovol'stviya. //Freyd Z. Psikhologiya bessoznatel'nogo. – M.:Prosveshchenie, 1990.-s.382-424
Fuko M. Volya k istine. – M.: Magisterium, 1996.

Аннотация: This is the translation of B. Kilborn’s article ‘Anthropology and human imagination’. Kilborn’s article is devoted to the history of anthropology that had been thought to be the natural science for quite a long time. Kilborn establishes that anthropology will never be anything else but humanities just like other social studies. The subject matter of anthropology is the humankind and experts in anthropology are humans, too. Kilborn stresses out the important role of human imagination in social and anthropological researches. In this regard he analyzes Giambattista Vico’s work ‘On the Grounds of New Science about the Common Nature of Nations’ where Vico explained the fundamental difference between, on one hand, knowing and understanding and, on the other hand, knowledge and science. This is nothing else but the radical epistemological gap between natural sciences, on one hand, and social studies and humanities, on the other hand. This is the gap the history of anthropology of the XX century tried to overcome.

Ключевые слова: anthropology, human imagination, natural science, humanities, social studies, social anthropology, cultural anthropology.

Контактная информация: Starovoitov Vladimir Vasilievich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn. 411.

Библиография:
Kilborne B. Anthropology and the Human Imagination // Journal of European Psychoanalysis. Nov. 2006. № 2.

References (transliteration):
Kilborne B. Anthropology and the Human Imagination // Journal of European Psychoanalysis. Nov. 2006. № 2.

Аннотация: The author of the article analyzes ethnomethodological concept offered by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The author underlines that the philosopher had a very singular concept of the phenomenology of ethnos. His views on that matter differed from the Eurocentristic concept created during the age of Enlightenment in the XVIII century. Based on ethnographic researchers, Rousseau created a completely different definition of human self-identity. The French philosopher disagreed with Descartes who believed the internal efforts towards improvement of «Self» to be the grounds for the process of self-identity formation. Rousseau assumed that human’s self-concept of himself and an ethnos’ concept of its essence could not exist without other humans or ethnic units. The concept of «Self» is narrowed because by accepting the image of the other person, an individual realizes that his concepts and ideals are limited. It is true for an ethnos, too. Human tries to see himself as a reflection of the other creature or culture. This is why Claude Levi-Strauss used to say that Rousseau was the founder of the humanities. The idea of self-recognition of human himself as well as the other culture described by Rousseau was then developed in terms of Post-Modernism philosophy.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, culture, identity, ethnos, human, ethnography, ethnomethodology, Eurocentrism, difference, rationalism.

Контактная информация: Shazhinbatyn Arinua, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Vokhonka 14/1, bld. 5, room 432.

Библиография:
Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla. M., 2006.
Brubeyker Rodzhers. Etnichnost' bez grupp. M., 2012.
Gurevich P.S. Kul'turologiya. M., 2011.
Gurevich P.S. Esteticheskie vzglyady A. Shopengauera // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. № 1. S. 119-128.
Pol' Riker v Moskve / Nauchnyy rukovoditel' proekta I.S. Vdovina. M., 2013.
Russo Zh.-Zh. Izbr. soch. M., 1961. T. 1.
Russo Zh.-Zh. Izbr. soch. M., 1961. T. 3.
Strukturnaya antropologiya: sbornik perevodov. M., 1980

References (transliteration):
Bodriyyar Zh. Prozrachnost' zla. M., 2006.
Brubeyker Rodzhers. Etnichnost' bez grupp. M., 2012.
Gurevich P.S. Kul'turologiya. M., 2011.
Gurevich P.S. Esteticheskie vzglyady A. Shopengauera // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. № 1. S. 119-128.
Pol' Riker v Moskve / Nauchnyy rukovoditel' proekta I.S. Vdovina. M., 2013.
Russo Zh.-Zh. Izbr. soch. M., 1961. T. 1.
Russo Zh.-Zh. Izbr. soch. M., 1961. T. 3.
Strukturnaya antropologiya: sbornik perevodov. M., 1980

Аннотация: From the point of view of philosophical anthropology genius is viewed, first of all, as a higher state of human mind and secondly, as a phenomenon of spiritual culture. The author of the article defines the three types of mind, practical mind, positive mind and creative mind. Human is different from other living creatures not because human has a mind but because human has spirits (‘human genius’) presented in mind, consciousness and creative activity as an integrated phenomenon. It is proved that human genius is what triggers human history and develops spiritual culture. In its turn, genius is created by culture in all known forms of culture (religion, art, philosophy, science and education) because it is the main source of spiritual culture.

Ключевые слова: philosophical anthropology, genius, practical mind, positive mind, creative mind, cognition, creative activity, contemplation of ideas, spiritual culture.

Контактная информация: Chernov Sergey Vasilievich, 144003, Russia, Moscow Region, Elektrostal, prospect Lenina 45, of. 12.

Библиография:
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Shopengauer A. Sobranie sochineniy: V 6 T. T.5: Paralipomena. – M.: TERRA – Knizhnyy klub; Respublika, 2001. – S.57–71.
Yaspers K. Razum i ekzistentsiya. – M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2013. – 336 s.

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Shopengauer A. Sobranie sochineniy: V 6 T. T.5: Paralipomena. – M.: TERRA – Knizhnyy klub; Respublika, 2001. – S.57–71.
Yaspers K. Razum i ekzistentsiya. – M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2013. – 336 s.

Аннотация: In our modern Post-Modern age the idea of the absence of gender identity and changeability of gender selfidentification is growing more and more evident. Such attitude to gender is now possible because the internal logic of understanding gender only as a derivative of socio-cultural processes made some researchers narrow down gender to physical properties and others to turn gender into some kind of simulacrum. In the author’s opinion, gender was discredited in both cases. According to the author, gender can be understood as an anthropological style represented in culture, social life and everyday life of men and women. Such approach allows to see all the picture of relations between male and female beginnings in each person. The core of these relations is gender-related life strategies. The latter is shown as the system of preferences and the difference between masculinity-femininity of women and masculinityfemininity of men. Such approach can add additional shades to interpretation of male and female archetypes and ways of realization of the main spiritual values of the mankind.

Ключевые слова: cultural studies, anthropology, gender, sex, masculinity, femininity, simulacrum, strategy, identity.

Контактная информация: Khavizova Natalia Alekseevna, 614000, Russia, Perm, Komsomolsky prospect 29 a.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the key meanings of humanism in relation to culture. The author shows the contradicting nature of humanism as the love for mankind. Humanism is shown as a search of a human for his own self. The author also discusses the questions about relations between a human as a subject and being in history of culture. Humanism, as a discovery of a human of his being and discover of human as being are opposed to human anti-humanism (subject-without-being).

Ключевые слова: philosophy, humanism, culture, human, love for mankind, subject, activity, being, existence, subjectivism.

Контактная информация: Shilovskaya Natalya Stanislavovna, 603950, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, ul. Yulianova 1.

Библиография:
1. Gertsen A.I. Sobr. soch. v 30 t. M., 1954. T. 3.
2. Dostoevskiy F.M. Zapiski iz podpol'ya // Dostoevskiy F.M. Sobr. soch. v 12 tt. M., 1982. T. 2.
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vremenniki o myslitele. M., 2007.
4. Losev A.F. Obshchaya kharakteristika estetiki Vozrozhdeniya // A.F. Losev: iz tvorcheskogo naslediya:
sovremenniki o myslitele. M., 2007.
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nie. Mn.-M., 2001.
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denie. Mn.-M., 2001.
7. Khaydegger M. Parmenid. M.-SPb, 2009.
8. Khaydegger M. Pis'mo o gumanizme // Vremya i bytie. M., 1993.
9. Eko U. Prazhskoe kladbishche. M., 2011.

References (transliteration):
1. Gertsen A.I. Sobr. soch. v 30 t. M., 1954. T. 3.
2. Dostoevskiy F.M. Zapiski iz podpol'ya // Dostoevskiy F.M. Sobr. soch. v 12 tt. M., 1982. T. 2.
3. Losev A.F. Dvenadtsat' tezisov ob antichnoy kul'ture // A.F. Losev: iz tvorcheskogo naslediya: so-
vremenniki o myslitele. M., 2007.
4. Losev A.F. Obshchaya kharakteristika estetiki Vozrozhdeniya // A.F. Losev: iz tvorcheskogo naslediya:
sovremenniki o myslitele. M., 2007.
5. Manetti D. O dostoinstve i prevoskhodstve cheloveka // Antologiya mirovoy filosofii: Vozrozhde-
nie. Mn.-M., 2001.
6. Mirandola Piko della. Rech' o dostoinstve cheloveka // Antologiya mirovoy filosofii: Vozrozh-
denie. Mn.-M., 2001.
7. Khaydegger M. Parmenid. M.-SPb, 2009.
8. Khaydegger M. Pis'mo o gumanizme // Vremya i bytie. M., 1993.
9. Eko U. Prazhskoe kladbishche. M., 2011.