Аннотация: One of the principal designations of a theatrical mask consisted in formation of the image of human identity, in development of which we can observe several staged by following the historical typology of masks. Due to this fact, one of the main functions of the Western European fashion in its conception was the reflection of social status in clothing; thus emerges a hypothesis on a possible borrowing in fashion of the mechanism of formation of identity determined by the mask. Such parallel becomes possible due to the role played by clothes in establishment of the individual image in social space, which turns out to be the next step after the formed by a mask human identity. Based on a similar in many aspects function realized by both, a mask, and later by fashion, the author makes an attempt to implement a historical typology of mast towards the phenomenon of fashion for clarification of the role of Western European fashion in Medieval Times – a historical period, when an individual has completely become established as a self-sufficient means of human identity, by questioning the means through which he can be presented in social space. Namely the mechanisms of representation of an individual in social field are granted by fashion, via borrowing the instruments revealed by a mask. Because of the fact that the means of expression of an individual in Medieval Times are endowed rather with the features of marginal and transgressive phenomenon, the fashion, using the means provided by the archetype of mask and historically emerged as a way of identification of social groups, proves itself primarily as a phenomenon of social identity.

Ключевые слова: vestimentary code, individual, zoomorphism, social identity, transgression, mask, Middle Ages, fashion, social structure, identity

Библиография:
Gurevich A.Ya. Lichnost' // Slovar' srednevekovoy kul'tury. M. 2003
Newton Mary Stella. Fashion in the Age of the Black Prince. A study of the years 1340-1365. Woodbridge: Boydell, 1980
Ivanov K.A. Mnogolikoe srednevekov'e. M.: Aleteya, 1996
Dubrovskiy I.V. Turnir//Slovar' srednevekovoy kul'tury. M. 2003
Saul Nigel. Chivalry in medieval England. Harvard University Press. 2011
Crane S. The Performance of Self: Ritual, Clothing and Identity During the Hundred Years War. Pennsylvania.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002
Veblen T. Teoriya prazdnogo klassa / Per. s angl. Sorokinoy S.G. – M.: Progress, 1984
Zimmel' G. Izbrannoe. Tom 2. Sozertsanie zhizni. – M.: Yurist, 1996
Heller, S.-G. Fashion in Medieval France. D.S. Brewer. Cambridge. 2007
Tseëlon E. Masquerade and identities: essays on gender, sexuality, and marginality. London, New York.: Routledge, 2001
Wiles D. Mask and Performance in Greek tragedy. From Ancient Festival to Modern Experimentation. Cambridge University Press. 2007
Spencer H. Badges and Costumes // Johnson K.K.P. Torntore S.J. Eicher J.B. (eds). Fashion Foundations Early Writings on Fashion and Dress. Oxford. New York.: Berg. 2003. p. 100-104
Rua Zh. Zh. Istoriya rytsarstva / Per. s fr. G. Veselkova. – M.: Eksmo, 2007
Golovnya V.V. Aristofan / Uchebnoe posobie.-M.: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1955. – 171 s.
Aristotel'. Istoriya zhivotnykh. M.: Izdatel'skiy tsentr RGGU, 1996.-528 s.
Yurchenko A.G. Aleksandriyskiy «Fiziolog». Zoologicheskaya misteriya. — SPb.: Evraziya, 2001. — 448 s.
Eliade M. Masks: Mythical and ritual origins // Apostolos-Cappadona D. (ed). Symbolism, the sacred and the arts. New York.: Crossroads, 1990
Kosikov G.K. Srednie veka // Istoriya frantsuzskoy literatury: Uchebnik / L.G. Andreev N.P. Kozlova, G.K. Kosikov. – M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1987. – s. 9-140
Akvinskiy F. Vopros 169. O skromnosti vo vneshnem oblachenii // Summa teologii. Chast' 2.2. Vopros 123-189. Kiev: Nika-tsentr. 2014. – 736s.
Beltz G.F. Memorials of the order of the garter from its foundation to the present time with biographical notices of the khights in the reigns of Edward III and Richard II. London: William Pickering. 1841

References (transliteration):
Gurevich A.Ya. Lichnost' // Slovar' srednevekovoy kul'tury. M. 2003
Newton Mary Stella. Fashion in the Age of the Black Prince. A study of the years 1340-1365. Woodbridge: Boydell, 1980
Ivanov K.A. Mnogolikoe srednevekov'e. M.: Aleteya, 1996
Dubrovskiy I.V. Turnir//Slovar' srednevekovoy kul'tury. M. 2003
Saul Nigel. Chivalry in medieval England. Harvard University Press. 2011
Crane S. The Performance of Self: Ritual, Clothing and Identity During the Hundred Years War. Pennsylvania.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002
Veblen T. Teoriya prazdnogo klassa / Per. s angl. Sorokinoy S.G. – M.: Progress, 1984
Zimmel' G. Izbrannoe. Tom 2. Sozertsanie zhizni. – M.: Yurist, 1996
Heller, S.-G. Fashion in Medieval France. D.S. Brewer. Cambridge. 2007
Tseëlon E. Masquerade and identities: essays on gender, sexuality, and marginality. London, New York.: Routledge, 2001
Wiles D. Mask and Performance in Greek tragedy. From Ancient Festival to Modern Experimentation. Cambridge University Press. 2007
Spencer H. Badges and Costumes // Johnson K.K.P. Torntore S.J. Eicher J.B. (eds). Fashion Foundations Early Writings on Fashion and Dress. Oxford. New York.: Berg. 2003. p. 100-104
Rua Zh. Zh. Istoriya rytsarstva / Per. s fr. G. Veselkova. – M.: Eksmo, 2007
Golovnya V.V. Aristofan / Uchebnoe posobie.-M.: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1955. – 171 s.
Aristotel'. Istoriya zhivotnykh. M.: Izdatel'skiy tsentr RGGU, 1996.-528 s.
Yurchenko A.G. Aleksandriyskiy «Fiziolog». Zoologicheskaya misteriya. — SPb.: Evraziya, 2001. — 448 s.
Eliade M. Masks: Mythical and ritual origins // Apostolos-Cappadona D. (ed). Symbolism, the sacred and the arts. New York.: Crossroads, 1990
Kosikov G.K. Srednie veka // Istoriya frantsuzskoy literatury: Uchebnik / L.G. Andreev N.P. Kozlova, G.K. Kosikov. – M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1987. – s. 9-140
Akvinskiy F. Vopros 169. O skromnosti vo vneshnem oblachenii // Summa teologii. Chast' 2.2. Vopros 123-189. Kiev: Nika-tsentr. 2014. – 736s.
Beltz G.F. Memorials of the order of the garter from its foundation to the present time with biographical notices of the khights in the reigns of Edward III and Richard II. London: William Pickering. 1841

Аннотация: This article conducts the analysis of the processes of commemoration implemented in the city-hero Volgograd in the post-war period, as well as their correlation with the projects of national identity. Based on the examination of memorials erected in the Soviet and post-Soviet period, dedicated to the Soviet soldiers who died during the Battle of Stalingrad, it is stated that the process of commemoration are grounded due to the presence of the project of national identity within the collective conscience of the society, which is genetically structured into the concept of “ideal society”, or social duty. This project is a so-called goal of historical development, which defines not only the vector that substantiates the possibility of existence of the historical path within social conscience, but also the process of structuring of historical memory. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, memory begins to be subjected to “dispersion”, which manifests in the processes of commemoration and their results. This process of “dispersion” of historical memory of the Battle of Stalingrad, which started the commemoration during the post-Soviet era, is based on many projects of national identity created by separate nationalities, representatives of regions and individuals, thus establishing new personal or collective identity outside the total Soviet project.  

Ключевые слова: World War II, social conscience, social identity, spiritual life of society, monument, the Battle of Stalingrad, commemoration, historical memory, national identity, Ibárruri

Библиография:
Burlakova N.S., Oleshkevich E.V. Travmaticheskiy opyt Kholokosta kak chast' istoricheskoy pamyati i identichnosti vtorogo pokoleniya // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2014. - 9. - C. 922 - 931. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.9.12781.
N. A. Soboleva Rossiyskaya gosudarstvennaya simvolika v kontekste problem rekonstruktsii natsional'noy identichnosti // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2011. - 4. - C. 32 - 41.
Parkhomenko R.N. Grazhdanstvo i natsional'naya identichnost' v ponimanii Yu. Khabermasa // Pravo i politika. - 2014. - 3. - C. 379 - 386. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.3.7797.
Koptseva N.P., Kistova A.V. Konstruirovanie etnokul'turnoy i obshchenatsional'noy identichnosti kak filosofskaya problema // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2015. - 1. - C. 12 - 19. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2015.1.10695.
Postanovlenie Administratsii Volgogradskoy obl. ot 30.09.1994 № 467 «O sozdanii Voinskogo memorial'nogo kladbishcha»//http://volgograd.news-city.info/docs/sistemsu/dok_peynbz.htm (data obrashcheniya: 05.01.2015)
Vasil'ev A. Memorializatsiya i zabvenie kak mekhanizmy proizvodstva kul'turnogo edinstva i raznoobraziya. Sb. st. po materialam kongressa.: Novyy khronograf: Eydos. T.6: Kul'turnoe nasledie: Ot proshlogo k budushchemu. 2009: 56-68.
Skorchenko I. Ispanskiy akkord stalingradskogo marsha//Argumenty nedeli – Nizhnee Povolzh'e. 2010. (1)
Mamardashvili M. K. Moy opyt netipichen. SPb.: Azbuka, 2000.
Skorchenko I. Prorochestvo Dolores Ibarruri//Byt' chelovekom.2013.(5)
Pyat' geroev Stalingrada//Sayt «Russkaya semerka» //http://russian7.ru/2014/11/5-geroev-stalingrada/ (data obrashcheniya: 15.01.2015)
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2013.
Ibarruri Ruben Ruis// Sayt Geroi strany //http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=281 (data obrashcheniya:15.01.2015)
Istoriya ulits Volgograda: fakty i foto// Sayt Pravda Volgograda// http://www.pravda34.info/?page_id=1145 (data obrashcheniya:15.01.2015)
Arendt Kh. Istoki totalitarizma. M.: TsentrKom, 1996.
Losev A.F. Ocherki antichnogo simvolizma i mifologii. M.: Mysl', 1993.
Assman A. Refreymiruya pamyat'. Mezhdu individual'nymi i kollektivnymi formami konstruirovaniya proshlogo. 28.03.2014. // http://gefter.ru/archive/11839 (Data obrashcheniya: 14. 01. 2015)
Megill A. Istoriya i pamyat': za i protiv//Filosofiya i obshchestvo. 2005. (2): 132-165.
Arendt Kh. Istoki totalitarizma. M.: TsentrKom, 1996.
Brecht B. Notizen zu Heinrich Mann „Mut“// Brecht B. Schriften. Frankfurt am Main., 1963.
Malaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya. M.: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1941.
Arendt Kh. Istoki totalitarizma. M.: TsentrKom, 1996.
Stalin I.V. Marksizm i natsional'nyy vopros//V.I. Lenin, I.V. Stalin o natsional'nom voprose. M.: OOO «Pravda-Press», 2013.
Stalin I.V. Marksizm i natsional'nyy vopros//V.I. Lenin, I.V. Stalin o natsional'nom voprose. M.: OOO «Pravda-Press», 2013.
Lokk Dzh. Opyt o chelovecheskom razumenii. M.: Mysl', 1985.
Lenin V.I. O prave natsiy na samoopredelenie//V.I. Lenin, I.V. Stalin o natsional'nom voprose. M.: OOO «Pravda-Press», 2013.
Khorkkhaymer M., Adorno T. V. Dialektika prosveshcheniya. Filosofskie fragmenty. M., S-Pb.: «Medium» «Yuventa», 1997.
Khobsbaum E. Natsii i natsionalizm posle 1780 goda. SPb.: Aleteyya, 1998.
Roginskiy A. Pamyat' o stalinizme // Doklad na konferentsii «Istoriya stalinizma». 05.12.2008. // http://polit.ru/article/2008/12/11/memory/(data obrashcheniya: 12.01.2015)
Zaretskiy Yu. Istoriya, pamyat', natsional'naya identichnost'//Neprikosnovennyy zapas. 2008. (3)// http://magazines.russ.ru/nz/2008/3/za4.html (data obrashcheniya: 12.01.2015)

References (transliteration):
Burlakova N.S., Oleshkevich E.V. Travmaticheskiy opyt Kholokosta kak chast' istoricheskoy pamyati i identichnosti vtorogo pokoleniya // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2014. - 9. - C. 922 - 931. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.9.12781.
N. A. Soboleva Rossiyskaya gosudarstvennaya simvolika v kontekste problem rekonstruktsii natsional'noy identichnosti // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2011. - 4. - C. 32 - 41.
Parkhomenko R.N. Grazhdanstvo i natsional'naya identichnost' v ponimanii Yu. Khabermasa // Pravo i politika. - 2014. - 3. - C. 379 - 386. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.3.7797.
Koptseva N.P., Kistova A.V. Konstruirovanie etnokul'turnoy i obshchenatsional'noy identichnosti kak filosofskaya problema // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2015. - 1. - C. 12 - 19. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2015.1.10695.
Postanovlenie Administratsii Volgogradskoy obl. ot 30.09.1994 № 467 «O sozdanii Voinskogo memorial'nogo kladbishcha»//http://volgograd.news-city.info/docs/sistemsu/dok_peynbz.htm (data obrashcheniya: 05.01.2015)
Vasil'ev A. Memorializatsiya i zabvenie kak mekhanizmy proizvodstva kul'turnogo edinstva i raznoobraziya. Sb. st. po materialam kongressa.: Novyy khronograf: Eydos. T.6: Kul'turnoe nasledie: Ot proshlogo k budushchemu. 2009: 56-68.
Skorchenko I. Ispanskiy akkord stalingradskogo marsha//Argumenty nedeli – Nizhnee Povolzh'e. 2010. (1)
Mamardashvili M. K. Moy opyt netipichen. SPb.: Azbuka, 2000.
Skorchenko I. Prorochestvo Dolores Ibarruri//Byt' chelovekom.2013.(5)
Pyat' geroev Stalingrada//Sayt «Russkaya semerka» //http://russian7.ru/2014/11/5-geroev-stalingrada/ (data obrashcheniya: 15.01.2015)
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2013.
Ibarruri Ruben Ruis// Sayt Geroi strany //http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=281 (data obrashcheniya:15.01.2015)
Istoriya ulits Volgograda: fakty i foto// Sayt Pravda Volgograda// http://www.pravda34.info/?page_id=1145 (data obrashcheniya:15.01.2015)
Arendt Kh. Istoki totalitarizma. M.: TsentrKom, 1996.
Losev A.F. Ocherki antichnogo simvolizma i mifologii. M.: Mysl', 1993.
Assman A. Refreymiruya pamyat'. Mezhdu individual'nymi i kollektivnymi formami konstruirovaniya proshlogo. 28.03.2014. // http://gefter.ru/archive/11839 (Data obrashcheniya: 14. 01. 2015)
Megill A. Istoriya i pamyat': za i protiv//Filosofiya i obshchestvo. 2005. (2): 132-165.
Arendt Kh. Istoki totalitarizma. M.: TsentrKom, 1996.
Brecht B. Notizen zu Heinrich Mann „Mut“// Brecht B. Schriften. Frankfurt am Main., 1963.
Malaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya. M.: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1941.
Arendt Kh. Istoki totalitarizma. M.: TsentrKom, 1996.
Stalin I.V. Marksizm i natsional'nyy vopros//V.I. Lenin, I.V. Stalin o natsional'nom voprose. M.: OOO «Pravda-Press», 2013.
Stalin I.V. Marksizm i natsional'nyy vopros//V.I. Lenin, I.V. Stalin o natsional'nom voprose. M.: OOO «Pravda-Press», 2013.
Lokk Dzh. Opyt o chelovecheskom razumenii. M.: Mysl', 1985.
Lenin V.I. O prave natsiy na samoopredelenie//V.I. Lenin, I.V. Stalin o natsional'nom voprose. M.: OOO «Pravda-Press», 2013.
Khorkkhaymer M., Adorno T. V. Dialektika prosveshcheniya. Filosofskie fragmenty. M., S-Pb.: «Medium» «Yuventa», 1997.
Khobsbaum E. Natsii i natsionalizm posle 1780 goda. SPb.: Aleteyya, 1998.
Roginskiy A. Pamyat' o stalinizme // Doklad na konferentsii «Istoriya stalinizma». 05.12.2008. // http://polit.ru/article/2008/12/11/memory/(data obrashcheniya: 12.01.2015)
Zaretskiy Yu. Istoriya, pamyat', natsional'naya identichnost'//Neprikosnovennyy zapas. 2008. (3)// http://magazines.russ.ru/nz/2008/3/za4.html (data obrashcheniya: 12.01.2015)

Аннотация: The object of the research is human and the subject of the research is the analysis of a new kind of human identity that has appeared as a result of electronic infrastructures and networks created by these electronic infrastructures and capturing one's personality. The fact that there are so many kinds of electronic devices today has a certain impact on human existence. Human becomes a so-called electronic nomad who has no home but constantly moving throughout space. Electronic microlandscape that claims to reach the macrolevel is based on the combination of natural and artificial worls, however, the distinction between them is so vague that it creates certain ambiquity: on the one hand, electronic devices depend on a nomad and help him out, on the other hand, it subdues him and creates numerous disturbances which generates a special sphere existing according to its own rules. This creates contradictions in nomad's behavior that has dialectically interrelated extravert and introvert modes. Thus, a nomad appears to have a chimerical but not inclusive personality. He is estrangedly included in the new reality by the means of high technology, however, this new reality is an illusory copy of reality and claims to play a dominating role in a nomad's life. Moreover, his inclusion into the reality is also 'flickering'. Solution of numerous problems arising for an electronic nomad can be made through reconstruction of axiosphere and appealing to traditions and searches for the meaning of life. The author of the article discusses this problem in the form of a narrative using semotical, dialectical and phenomenological methods which allows to describe peculiarities of a modern personality. The novelty of the research is based on the fact that the author analyzes a new kind of personal identity defined by the author as the 'electronic nomad'. The main provisions and conclusions of the research can be used in scientific, teaching and practical activities as well as social work and interpretation of different kinds of social situations and attempts to solve personality issues.   

Ключевые слова: person inclusive, road, homelessness, traveler, nomad, electronic nomadism, identity, exclusion, flicker of life, chimerical personality

Библиография:
Eriksen T.Kh. Chto takoe antropologiya. M.: Izd. Dom Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2014. 238 s.
Bol'nov O. fon. Novaya ukrytost'. Problema preodoleniya ekzistentsializma. Vvedenie// Filosofskaya mysl'. 2001. № 2. S. 137-145.
Dom. Materialy zaochnogo «kruglogo stola» // Stupeni.1997. № 10.
Dudnik S.I., Kamnev V.M. Metafizika bezdomnosti: russkaya konservativnaya mysl' v situatsii postmoderna// Voprosy filosofii. 2015. № 1. S. 14-22.
Chaadaev P.Ya. Filosoficheskie pis'ma. M.: Rimis, 2011. 272 s.
Sand Zh. Konsuelo. M.: Azbuka, 2014. 800 s.
Mitchell U. Ya++: Chelovek, gorod, seti. M.: Strelka Press, 2012. 328 s.
Mezhuev V.M. Marks protiv marksizma. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2007. 176 s.
Makkuayr S. Mediynyy gorod: media, arkhitektura i gorodskoe prostranstvo. M.: Strelka Press, 2014. 392 s.
Lotman Yu.M. Ob iskusstve. Spb.: Iskusstvo, 1998. 288 s.
Mamardashvili M.K. Soznanie i tsivilizatsiya// Mamardashvili M.K. Kak ya ponimayu filosofiyu. M.: Progress, 1990. S. 107-121.
Bibler V. Ot naukoucheniya – k logike kul'tury. Dva filosofskikh vvedeniya v KhKhI vek. M.: Izd-vo politicheskoy literatury, 1991. 417 s.
Starobinski Zh. Greza kak arkhitektor// Esteticheskie issledovaniya. Metody i kriterii. M.: RAN In-t filosofii, 1996. S. 225-228.

References (transliteration):
Eriksen T.Kh. Chto takoe antropologiya. M.: Izd. Dom Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2014. 238 s.
Bol'nov O. fon. Novaya ukrytost'. Problema preodoleniya ekzistentsializma. Vvedenie// Filosofskaya mysl'. 2001. № 2. S. 137-145.
Dom. Materialy zaochnogo «kruglogo stola» // Stupeni.1997. № 10.
Dudnik S.I., Kamnev V.M. Metafizika bezdomnosti: russkaya konservativnaya mysl' v situatsii postmoderna// Voprosy filosofii. 2015. № 1. S. 14-22.
Chaadaev P.Ya. Filosoficheskie pis'ma. M.: Rimis, 2011. 272 s.
Sand Zh. Konsuelo. M.: Azbuka, 2014. 800 s.
Mitchell U. Ya++: Chelovek, gorod, seti. M.: Strelka Press, 2012. 328 s.
Mezhuev V.M. Marks protiv marksizma. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2007. 176 s.
Makkuayr S. Mediynyy gorod: media, arkhitektura i gorodskoe prostranstvo. M.: Strelka Press, 2014. 392 s.
Lotman Yu.M. Ob iskusstve. Spb.: Iskusstvo, 1998. 288 s.
Mamardashvili M.K. Soznanie i tsivilizatsiya// Mamardashvili M.K. Kak ya ponimayu filosofiyu. M.: Progress, 1990. S. 107-121.
Bibler V. Ot naukoucheniya – k logike kul'tury. Dva filosofskikh vvedeniya v KhKhI vek. M.: Izd-vo politicheskoy literatury, 1991. 417 s.
Starobinski Zh. Greza kak arkhitektor// Esteticheskie issledovaniya. Metody i kriterii. M.: RAN In-t filosofii, 1996. S. 225-228.

Аннотация: Definition of the essence of culture is often taken as a simple task. However, in her article Paleeva demonstrates that in the process of searching for self-identity, culture faces serious contradictions which reflects the complex nature of the phenomenon itself. Thus, even etymology of the word 'culture' hides in itself the following variants of cultural existence. Even more paradoxes are associated with the process of culture genesis. In one case, culture is viewed as the generation of nature and earthly circumstances of human life which was later developed further. In the other case, culture is associated with the word 'cult' which relates this phenonomenon to the transcendental feeling. In her research Paleeva has used the methodology of philosophy of culture. This branch of knowledge has accumulated numerous methods and procedures that allow to analyse oppositions to culture. For the first time in Russian academic literature the author of the article is viewing complexities of cultural self-identity. The author also makes an attempt to analyze contradictions between ethic cultures and universal cultures, local cultures and general cultures. The author compares the two research tendencies that have developed in contemporary science. She also carries out a critical analysis of the other researchers' attempts to view primordialism as plain antiques and to give a negative assessment of that tradition from the point of view of the social progress. Meanwhile, many authors speak highly of constructivism as the newest achievement of philosophy and science. In her article Paleeva also provides a critical analysis of peculiarities of modern constructivism.  

Ключевые слова: universals, cult, nature, primordialism, constructivism, self-identity, identity, philosophy, culture, spirituality

Библиография:
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2012. 336 s
Moren Edgar. Metod. Priroda prirody / Per. s frants. E.N. Knyazevoy. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2013. 487 s.
Gurevich P.S., Paleeva N.N. Filosofiya kul'tury. 2-e izd., dop. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. 424 s.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofiya kul'tury. M.: Aspekt-Press, 1995. 181 s.
Rorty R. Human Rights, Rationality, and Sentimentallity // The Politics of Human Rights / O. Slavic (ed.). L., 1999.
Spirova E.M. Utrachennaya samotozhdestvennost'. O knige R. Brubeyker «Etnichnost' bez grupp» // Vestnik analitiki. 2013. № 3(53). S. 155-158.
Brubeyker R. Etnichnost' bez grupp / Per. s angl. I. Borisovoy. M.: Izd. dom Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2012. 408 s.
Safonov A. Natsiya i etnos, kak sushchnostno razlichnye sotsial'nye fenomeny: novaya paradigma sotsiogeneza // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 7(79). S. 1006-1012.
Zhizhek Slavoy. Shchekotlivyy sub'ekt: otsutstvuyushchiy tsentr politicheskoy ontologii / Per. s angl. S. Shchukinoy. M.: Izd. dom «Delo», 2014. 526 s.
Grechko P.K. Ontometodologicheskiy diskurs sovremennosti. Istoricheskaya podvinutost' i ee vyzovy. M.: URSS, 2015. 301 s.
Florenskiy P.A. Iz bogoslovskogo naslediya // Bogoslovskie trudy. Vyp. 17. M., 1977.
Terri Iglton. Ideya kul'tury / Per. s angl. I. Kushnarevoy. M.: Izd. dom Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2012.

References (transliteration):
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2012. 336 s
Moren Edgar. Metod. Priroda prirody / Per. s frants. E.N. Knyazevoy. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2013. 487 s.
Gurevich P.S., Paleeva N.N. Filosofiya kul'tury. 2-e izd., dop. M.: «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2014. 424 s.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofiya kul'tury. M.: Aspekt-Press, 1995. 181 s.
Rorty R. Human Rights, Rationality, and Sentimentallity // The Politics of Human Rights / O. Slavic (ed.). L., 1999.
Spirova E.M. Utrachennaya samotozhdestvennost'. O knige R. Brubeyker «Etnichnost' bez grupp» // Vestnik analitiki. 2013. № 3(53). S. 155-158.
Brubeyker R. Etnichnost' bez grupp / Per. s angl. I. Borisovoy. M.: Izd. dom Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2012. 408 s.
Safonov A. Natsiya i etnos, kak sushchnostno razlichnye sotsial'nye fenomeny: novaya paradigma sotsiogeneza // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 7(79). S. 1006-1012.
Zhizhek Slavoy. Shchekotlivyy sub'ekt: otsutstvuyushchiy tsentr politicheskoy ontologii / Per. s angl. S. Shchukinoy. M.: Izd. dom «Delo», 2014. 526 s.
Grechko P.K. Ontometodologicheskiy diskurs sovremennosti. Istoricheskaya podvinutost' i ee vyzovy. M.: URSS, 2015. 301 s.
Florenskiy P.A. Iz bogoslovskogo naslediya // Bogoslovskie trudy. Vyp. 17. M., 1977.
Terri Iglton. Ideya kul'tury / Per. s angl. I. Kushnarevoy. M.: Izd. dom Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2012.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of cultural trauma as a reflection of the collective identity crisis experiencing by the society under the conditions of its modernization ‘transit’ to the industrial stage of development. Overcoming of the social crisis and restoration of the previous identity or acquiring a new identity are shown as a unique traumatic process that has its own logic of development and affects, first of all, the central system of values and the institutional system of society. According to the author, without the analysis of the socio-cultural trauma it would be impossible to develop relevant ‘coping strategies’, i.e. particular patterns used by the society to overcome this trauma. Speaking of the methods used in the present research, it is necessary to note that in addition to Edward Shils’ concept of ‘center and periphery’, for the first time in academic literature the author analyzes Piotr Sztompka’s concept of cultural trauma as one of the methodological bases for studying socio-cultural dynamics of modernization in general and imperial modernization of Russia in particular. According to the author, analysis of Russian philosophical and philosophical-legal heritage of the second half of the XIXth –beginning of the XXth centuries (involving the following ‘immigrants’ decades as well) will allow to see efforts of Russian philosophers to ‘see, understand and present’ to the society the cultural traumas experienced by them, ‘coping strategies’ of dealing with these traumas including active (‘cultural –creative’) and passive (‘ritualistic’) strategies. Even though those efforts did not play the essential role in society’s understanding of ongoing social transformations, today they allow us to better understand the ‘hidden flows’ of the socio-cultural development of the imperial modernization of Russia.

Ключевые слова: cultural trauma, collective identity crisis, modernization theory, transformation of values, system of values of society, institutional system of society, coping strategies, the age of changes, social crisis, transition epoch.

Контактная информация: Kamoza Tatyana Mikhailovna, 119571, Russia, Moscow, Prospect Vernadskogo 82, bld. 1.

Библиография:
Modernization in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire and Its Afro-Asian Successors / Eds. S. Black, C. Brown. Princeton: Darwin Press, 1992.
Lee R. Modernity, Modernities and Modernization: Tradition Reappraised // Social Science Information. 2013. 52 (3). P. 409-424.
McDaniel T. Autocracy, Modernization, and Revolution in Russia and Iran. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.
Kaya I. Modernity, Openness, Interpretation: A Perspective on Multiple Modernities // Social Science Information. 2004. 43 (1). P. 35–57.
Inglehart R., Baker W. E. Modernization, Cultural Change and the Persistence of Traditional Values // American Sociological Review. 2000. Vol. 65. No. 1. P. 19-51
Inglehart R. Modernization and Postmodernization. Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Fourie E.A Future for the Theory of Multiple Modernities: Insights from the New Modernization Theory // Social Science Information. 2012. 51 (1). P. 52-69.
Eisenstadt S. N. Social Evolution and Modernity: Some Observations on Parsons's Comparative and Evolutionary Analysis Parsons's Analysis from the Perspective of Multiple Modernities // American Sociologist. 2004. Winter. P. 5-24.
Daedalus.Vol. 129.No. 1.Winter, 2000.Multiple Modernities; Eisenstadt S. N. Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities. In 2 vol. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2003.
Comparative Modernization: A Reader / Ed. by C. E. Black. N.Y.-L.: The Free Press, 1976.
Atabaki T. The State and the Subaltern.Modernization, Society and the State in Turkey and Iran. L.: I.B. Tauris, 2007.
Etatistskie modeli modernizatsii. M.: IF RAN, 2002; i dr.
Fedotova V. G., Kolpakov V. A., Fedotova N. N. Global'nyy kapitalizm: tri velikie transformatsii. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2008.
Poberezhnikov I. V. Perekhod ot traditsionnogo k industrial'nomu obshchestvu: teoretiko-metodologicheskie problemy modernizatsii. M.: ROSSPEN, 2006.
Rossiyskaya modernizatsiya: razmyshlyaya o samobytnosti. M.: Tri kvadrata, 2008.
Perekhodnye epokhi v sotsial'nom izmerenii: Istoriya i sovremennost'. M.: Nauka, 2003. S. 7.
Pantin V.I. Volny i tsikly sotsial'nogo razvitiya: Tsivilizatsionnaya dinamika i protsessy modernizatsii. M.: Nauka, 2004.
Modernizatsiya v Rossii i konflikt tsennostey. M.: IF RAN, 1994.
Modernizatsiya i globalizatsiya: obrazy Rossii v XXI veke. M.: IF RAN, 2002.
Menyayushchayasya sotsial'nost': novye formy modernizatsii i progressa. M.: IF RAN, 2010.
Kul'tura imeet znachenie. Kakim obrazom tsennosti sposobstvuyut obshchestvennomu progressu / Pod red. L. Kharrisona i S. Khantingtona. M.: Mosk. shk. polit. issled., 2002.
Demokratiya i modernizatsiya: k diskussii o vyzovakh XXI veka. M.: Izd-vo «Evropa», 2010.
Inglkhart R., Vel'tsel' K. Modernizatsiya, kul'turnye izmeneniya i demokratiya: Posledovatel'nost' chelovecheskogo razvitiya. M.: Novoe izd-vo, 2011.
Gavrov S. N. Modernizatsiya Rossii: postimperskiy tranzit. M.: MGUDT, 2010.
Vallerstayn I. Posle liberalizma. M.: Editorial URSS, 2003.
Vasil'ev L. S. Modernizatsiya kak istoricheskiy fenomen (o general'nykh zakonomernostyakh evolyutsii). M.: Fond «Liberal'naya missiya1. Bauman Z. Tekuchaya sovremennost'. SPb.: Piter, 2008.
Belyaeva L. A. Sotsial'naya modernizatsiya», 2011.
v Rossii v kontse KhKh veka. M.: IF RAN, 1997.
Multiple Modernities / Ed. by S. N. Eisenstadt. New Bruswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. 2002.
Reflections on Multiple Modernities: European, Chinese and Other Interpretations / Eds. D. Sachsenmaier, J. Riedel, S. N. Eisenstadt. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
Schmidt V. H. Multiple Modernities or Varieties of Modernity? // Current Sociology. January 2006. 54 (1). P. 77-97
Shmuel N. Eisenstadt: Multiple Modernities-A Paradigma of Cultural and Social Evolution // ProtoSociology. 2007. Vol. 24; etc.

References (transliteration):
Modernization in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire and Its Afro-Asian Successors / Eds. S. Black, C. Brown. Princeton: Darwin Press, 1992.
Lee R. Modernity, Modernities and Modernization: Tradition Reappraised // Social Science Information. 2013. 52 (3). P. 409-424.
McDaniel T. Autocracy, Modernization, and Revolution in Russia and Iran. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.
Kaya I. Modernity, Openness, Interpretation: A Perspective on Multiple Modernities // Social Science Information. 2004. 43 (1). P. 35–57.
Inglehart R., Baker W. E. Modernization, Cultural Change and the Persistence of Traditional Values // American Sociological Review. 2000. Vol. 65. No. 1. P. 19-51
Inglehart R. Modernization and Postmodernization. Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Fourie E.A Future for the Theory of Multiple Modernities: Insights from the New Modernization Theory // Social Science Information. 2012. 51 (1). P. 52-69.
Eisenstadt S. N. Social Evolution and Modernity: Some Observations on Parsons's Comparative and Evolutionary Analysis Parsons's Analysis from the Perspective of Multiple Modernities // American Sociologist. 2004. Winter. P. 5-24.
Daedalus.Vol. 129.No. 1.Winter, 2000.Multiple Modernities; Eisenstadt S. N. Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities. In 2 vol. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2003.
Comparative Modernization: A Reader / Ed. by C. E. Black. N.Y.-L.: The Free Press, 1976.
Atabaki T. The State and the Subaltern.Modernization, Society and the State in Turkey and Iran. L.: I.B. Tauris, 2007.
Etatistskie modeli modernizatsii. M.: IF RAN, 2002; i dr.
Fedotova V. G., Kolpakov V. A., Fedotova N. N. Global'nyy kapitalizm: tri velikie transformatsii. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2008.
Poberezhnikov I. V. Perekhod ot traditsionnogo k industrial'nomu obshchestvu: teoretiko-metodologicheskie problemy modernizatsii. M.: ROSSPEN, 2006.
Rossiyskaya modernizatsiya: razmyshlyaya o samobytnosti. M.: Tri kvadrata, 2008.
Perekhodnye epokhi v sotsial'nom izmerenii: Istoriya i sovremennost'. M.: Nauka, 2003. S. 7.
Pantin V.I. Volny i tsikly sotsial'nogo razvitiya: Tsivilizatsionnaya dinamika i protsessy modernizatsii. M.: Nauka, 2004.
Modernizatsiya v Rossii i konflikt tsennostey. M.: IF RAN, 1994.
Modernizatsiya i globalizatsiya: obrazy Rossii v XXI veke. M.: IF RAN, 2002.
Menyayushchayasya sotsial'nost': novye formy modernizatsii i progressa. M.: IF RAN, 2010.
Kul'tura imeet znachenie. Kakim obrazom tsennosti sposobstvuyut obshchestvennomu progressu / Pod red. L. Kharrisona i S. Khantingtona. M.: Mosk. shk. polit. issled., 2002.
Demokratiya i modernizatsiya: k diskussii o vyzovakh XXI veka. M.: Izd-vo «Evropa», 2010.
Inglkhart R., Vel'tsel' K. Modernizatsiya, kul'turnye izmeneniya i demokratiya: Posledovatel'nost' chelovecheskogo razvitiya. M.: Novoe izd-vo, 2011.
Gavrov S. N. Modernizatsiya Rossii: postimperskiy tranzit. M.: MGUDT, 2010.
Vallerstayn I. Posle liberalizma. M.: Editorial URSS, 2003.
Vasil'ev L. S. Modernizatsiya kak istoricheskiy fenomen (o general'nykh zakonomernostyakh evolyutsii). M.: Fond «Liberal'naya missiya1. Bauman Z. Tekuchaya sovremennost'. SPb.: Piter, 2008.
Belyaeva L. A. Sotsial'naya modernizatsiya», 2011.
v Rossii v kontse KhKh veka. M.: IF RAN, 1997.
Multiple Modernities / Ed. by S. N. Eisenstadt. New Bruswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. 2002.
Reflections on Multiple Modernities: European, Chinese and Other Interpretations / Eds. D. Sachsenmaier, J. Riedel, S. N. Eisenstadt. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
Schmidt V. H. Multiple Modernities or Varieties of Modernity? // Current Sociology. January 2006. 54 (1). P. 77-97
Shmuel N. Eisenstadt: Multiple Modernities-A Paradigma of Cultural and Social Evolution // ProtoSociology. 2007. Vol. 24; etc.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the issues of preservation and development of traditional folk culture as one of the key conditions of socio-cultural security of modern society. The importance of the research of regeneration of traditional folk culture is conditioned by the significant decrease in potentials of Russian culture and structure destruction of the cultural self-reproduction of society and at the same time people’s desire to preserve their singularity and demonstrate their original tradition in the process of radical changes happening in the modern world under the influence of globalization processes in all spheres of human life. The object of the research is the traditional folk culture as a constructive factor for consolidation of a modern society. The subject of the research is the elements of folk culture as a resource of preservation of regional cultural identity under the conditions of the development of the regional, Russian and global heritage. Research methodology is based on the cultural theory that combines methods and results of scientific researches in different branches of social humanities. This approach allows to reveal the potentials of the traditional folk culture as a mean of preservation of the socio-cultural identity of the modern society. The author concludes that in the age of globalization, values of traditional folk culture can restrain rapidly growing negative trends of social development and reinforcement of cultural traditions creates grounds for harmonization of the process of creation of socio-cultural identity and at the same time formation of intercultural tolerance.

Ключевые слова: traditional folk culture, intangible cultural heritage, cultural potential, regional culture, regional identity, folk traditions, federal target programs, regional target problems, cultural values, identity.

Контактная информация: Shevchenko Irina Vladimirovna, 625007, Russia, Tyumen, Melnikayte str. 124.

Библиография:
Babueva V.D. Traditsionnaya narodnaya kul'tura buryat : dissertatsiya ... kandidata kul'turologii : 24.00.01.-Ulan-Ude, 2006.-170 s. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.dslib.net/teorja-kultury/tradicionnaja-narodnaja-kultura-burjat.html (data obrashcheniya 10.03.2014).
Demina L.V. Sokhranenie traditsionnoy narodnoy kul'tury v sovremennom obshchestve // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta kul'tury i iskusstv. – Rezhim dostupa: http://vestnik.mguki.ru/index.php/arkhiv-zhurnala (data obrashcheniya: 20.03.2014).
Zolotareva N.V., Kur'yanova T.S., Ryndina O.M. Kapitalizatsiya kul'turnogo naslediya narodov Zapadnoy Sibiri // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2013. № 371. S. 49-57.
Kargin A.S., Kostina A.V. Sokhranenie nematerial'nogo kul'turnogo naslediya RF kak prioritet kul'turnoy politiki Rossii v XXI veke // Kul'turnaya politika. 2008. № 3. S.59-63.
Konventsiya YuNESKO «Ob okhrane nematerial'nogo kul'turnogo naslediya ». Parizh, 17 oktyabrya 2003 g.-Rezhim dostupa: http: //worldlaws.narod.ru/konvenc/00426.htm (data obrashcheniya 10.03.2014).
Poslanie Prezidenta RF Federal'nomu Sobraniyu ot 05.11.2008 "Poslanie Prezidenta RF Federal'nomu Sobraniyu". – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc /(data obrashcheniya 10.03.2014).
Shubin Yu.A. Traditsiya kak resurs sotsial'no-kul'turnoy identichnosti lichnosti v sovremennom obshchestve : dissertatsiya ... kandidata kul'turologii [Mesto zashchity: S.-Peterb. gumanitar. un-t profsoyuzov].-Sankt-Peterburg, 2009.-177 s. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.disserr.com/contents/359895.html (data obrashcheniya: 20.03.2014).
Koptseva N.P. Sovremennye kul'turnye praktiki sokhraneniya etnicheskoy identichnosti korennykh narodov Severa, Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka v Respublike Buryatiya // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva. - 2014. - 1. - C. 17 - 30. DOI: 10.7256/2306-1618.2014.1.10989. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_10989.html
Chesnov Ya.V. Germenevtika znaniya v narodnoy kul'ture (spetsial'naya teoriya antropotsenoza) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2014. - 3. - C. 413 - 425. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2014.3.10689.
Popov E.A. Sotsiokul'turnaya situatsiya v sovremennom rossiyskom regione i munitsipal'nom obrazovanii: sotsial'no-ekonomicheskaya, natsional'no-kul'turnaya, dukhovno-konsolidiruyushchaya i etnosotsial'naya spetsifika // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki. - 2013. - 2. - C. 269 - 321. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.2.362. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_362.html
P.S. Gurevich Globalizatsiya i mul'tikul'turalizm // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2012. - 8. - C. 4 - 5.
O. A. Semchenko Mezhdunarodnyy forum «Traditsionnaya kul'tura
kak strategicheskiy resurs ustoychivogo razvitiya
obshchestva» (17–20 aprelya 2012 goda; Mogilev,
Respublika Belarus') // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. - 2012. - 4. - C. 109 - 110.
D.S. Dokuchaev Regional'naya identichnost':
ponyatie, struktura, funktsii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2012. - 12. - C. 15 - 22.

References (transliteration):
Babueva V.D. Traditsionnaya narodnaya kul'tura buryat : dissertatsiya ... kandidata kul'turologii : 24.00.01.-Ulan-Ude, 2006.-170 s. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.dslib.net/teorja-kultury/tradicionnaja-narodnaja-kultura-burjat.html (data obrashcheniya 10.03.2014).
Demina L.V. Sokhranenie traditsionnoy narodnoy kul'tury v sovremennom obshchestve // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta kul'tury i iskusstv. – Rezhim dostupa: http://vestnik.mguki.ru/index.php/arkhiv-zhurnala (data obrashcheniya: 20.03.2014).
Zolotareva N.V., Kur'yanova T.S., Ryndina O.M. Kapitalizatsiya kul'turnogo naslediya narodov Zapadnoy Sibiri // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2013. № 371. S. 49-57.
Kargin A.S., Kostina A.V. Sokhranenie nematerial'nogo kul'turnogo naslediya RF kak prioritet kul'turnoy politiki Rossii v XXI veke // Kul'turnaya politika. 2008. № 3. S.59-63.
Konventsiya YuNESKO «Ob okhrane nematerial'nogo kul'turnogo naslediya ». Parizh, 17 oktyabrya 2003 g.-Rezhim dostupa: http: //worldlaws.narod.ru/konvenc/00426.htm (data obrashcheniya 10.03.2014).
Poslanie Prezidenta RF Federal'nomu Sobraniyu ot 05.11.2008 "Poslanie Prezidenta RF Federal'nomu Sobraniyu". – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc /(data obrashcheniya 10.03.2014).
Shubin Yu.A. Traditsiya kak resurs sotsial'no-kul'turnoy identichnosti lichnosti v sovremennom obshchestve : dissertatsiya ... kandidata kul'turologii [Mesto zashchity: S.-Peterb. gumanitar. un-t profsoyuzov].-Sankt-Peterburg, 2009.-177 s. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.disserr.com/contents/359895.html (data obrashcheniya: 20.03.2014).
Koptseva N.P. Sovremennye kul'turnye praktiki sokhraneniya etnicheskoy identichnosti korennykh narodov Severa, Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka v Respublike Buryatiya // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva. - 2014. - 1. - C. 17 - 30. DOI: 10.7256/2306-1618.2014.1.10989. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_10989.html
Chesnov Ya.V. Germenevtika znaniya v narodnoy kul'ture (spetsial'naya teoriya antropotsenoza) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2014. - 3. - C. 413 - 425. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2014.3.10689.
Popov E.A. Sotsiokul'turnaya situatsiya v sovremennom rossiyskom regione i munitsipal'nom obrazovanii: sotsial'no-ekonomicheskaya, natsional'no-kul'turnaya, dukhovno-konsolidiruyushchaya i etnosotsial'naya spetsifika // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki. - 2013. - 2. - C. 269 - 321. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.2.362. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_362.html
P.S. Gurevich Globalizatsiya i mul'tikul'turalizm // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2012. - 8. - C. 4 - 5.
O. A. Semchenko Mezhdunarodnyy forum «Traditsionnaya kul'tura
kak strategicheskiy resurs ustoychivogo razvitiya
obshchestva» (17–20 aprelya 2012 goda; Mogilev,
Respublika Belarus') // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. - 2012. - 4. - C. 109 - 110.
D.S. Dokuchaev Regional'naya identichnost':
ponyatie, struktura, funktsii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2012. - 12. - C. 15 - 22.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the study of media representations of ‘elitism’ that are provided by the web-based media as standards. These web-based media position themselves as the mass media addressed to the most educated and professional layer of the modern Russian society. The author is referring to such projects as Afisha.ru, Bg.ru, Lookatme, Openspace (2008-2012), W-O-S, Colta, Esquire and Snob. The research is based on ten interviews published by Afisha. ru and devoted to the changes that have been going on in the media sector (broadly discussed dismissals of editor-inchiefs and changes in editorial formats) since the start of social protests in Russia in 2011 — 2012. By using the method of discourse analysis as the main analytical instrument in the research, the author of the present research article is the first to define and systematize concrete strategies and mechanisms of constructing the images of ‘elitism’ used by the aforesaid sources. The author also discusses how the studied variant of the elitist discourse combines elements of the discourse about intellectuality and intelligentsia (with their different variants and modifications) with the idea about the importance of economic success and associated freedom of consumer choice as the core value of a developed society.

Ключевые слова: elitism, elite, elitist discourse, discourse-analysis, media representations, social group identity, construction of standards, socio-cultural unity, life style, consumer practices.

Контактная информация: Eltsova Ksenia Konstantinovna, 125993, Russia, Moscow, GSP-1, Miusskaya square 6, corp. 7.

Библиография:
«Razgovory o media: Andrey Loshak i Dmitriy Ol'shanskiy» v izdanii «Afisha», 08.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-loshak-olshansky/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Grigoriy Revzin i Yuriy Saprykin» v izdanii «Afisha», 06.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-revzin-saprykin/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Ekaterina Gerasicheva i Vasiliy Esmanov», izdanie «Afisha», 20.08.2012, (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-gerasicheva-esmanov/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Il'ya Tsentsiper i Dem'yan Kudryavtsev», v izdanii «Afisha», 01.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-tsentsiper-kudryavtsev/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Kseniya Sobchak i Oleg Kashin» v izdanii «Afisha», 31.07.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-sobchak-kashin; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Maksim Koval'skiy i Mikhail Zygar'», izdanie «Afisha», 03.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-kovalski-zygar; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Filipp Bakhtin i Filipp Dzyadko», izdanie «Afisha», 31.07.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-bahtin-dzyadko/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Pole samo zachishchaet sebya» – interv'yu Marii Stepanovoy izdaniyu «Afisha», 25.06.2012 (URL.: http://www.afisha.ru/article/openspace_is_over/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Alena Doletskaya i Nikolay Uskov», v izdanii «Afisha», 02.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-doletskaya-uskov/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Aleksandr Urzhanov i Petr Tolstoy», izdanie «Afisha», 07.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-urzhanov-tolstoy/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
Spisok korpusa analiziruemykh istochnikov:
post «Sergey Mostovshchikov o perspektivakh intellektual'nogo glyantsa» v Zhivom Zhurnale, yanvar' 2008 (URL.: http://volk.livejournal.com/846632.html; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Profil' Natal'i Sindeevoy (so-osnovatel'nitsy radiostantsii «Serebryanyy Dozhd'» i vladelitsy telekanala «Dozhd'») na Snob.ru (URL: http://www.snob.ru/profile/5300 i t.d.; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014).
Ob'yavlenie o seminare «Kreativnyy klass» na Lookatme, noyabr' 2009 (URL: http://www.lookatme.ru/cities/moscow/events/85877-seminar-kreativnyy-klass-literaturnyy-perevod; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014) «Chto na samom dele sozdal kreativnyy klass»; fevral' 2012 (URL: http://www.afisha.ru/article/sapr-on-creative-class/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Interv'yu s Filippom Bakhtinym (Esquire, 2010 god, URL: http://besttoday.ru/read/515.html; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Interv'yu s Dmitriem Golubovskim, Esquire, noyabr' 2011 (URL: http://os.colta.ru/media/paper/details/31881/?expand=yes&attempt=1; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Interv'yu s Artemiem Troitskim v zhurnale «Krasivye lyudi», mart 2010 (URL.: http://www.sayen.ru/ob-otele/pressa-o-kompanii/interevyu-s-artemeem-troitskim-zhurnal-krasivye-lyudi; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
«Tupye, zhirnye, nerabotayushchie, vechno p'yanye plebei glumyatsya nad obrazovannym klassom» na Snob.ru, iyun' 2011 (URL: http://www.snob.ru/selected/entry/20371; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Andrey Loshak v «Shkole zlosloviya», iyun' 2010 (URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=4wo_posmsDU&NR=1 (3’40); data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
«Sezon performansov» na Snob.ru, noyabr' 2011 (URL: http://www.snob.ru/magazine/entry/42839; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
«Otkrytoe prostranstvo pereplaniruyut», Mnenia.ru (URL.: http://mnenia.ru/rubric/society/otkrytoe-prostranstvo-pereplaniruyut; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Maksim Koval'skiy opublikoval stat'yu Mikhaila Khodorkovskogo v zhurnale “Kommersant'-Vlast'”», 16.06.2009, (URL.: http://www.snob.ru/fp/entry/3900?preview=print; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
«Itogi nulevykh: Il'ya Oskolkov-Tsentsiper, prezident instituta «Strelka», vitse-prezident kompanii Yota, osnovatel' «Afishi», 43 goda», yanvar' 2011 (URL: http://www.afisha.ru/article/8312/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Rutten E. The Faces and Spaces of a Russian Culture-News Portal: www.openspace.ru, Digital Icons: Studies in Russian, Eurasian and Central European New Media, №6 (2011): 93-103.
«Dlya mnogikh eto byla ne rabota, eto byla zhizn'» – interv'yu Il'i Oskolkova-Tsentsipera Afisha.ru, avgust 2009 (URL: http://www.afisha.ru/article/answers_oskolkov/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Spisok ispol'zovannykh Internet-publikatsiy:
«”Bol'shoy gorod” – ne otkrytoe pis'mo chinovnikam», Openspace.ru, dekabr' 2009 (URL.: http://os.colta.ru/media/paper/details/14976/page3/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Roesen T. www.snob.ru: A Social Network Site for the Elite, Digital Icons: Studies in Russian, Eurasian and Central European New Media, №6 (2011): 81-92.
Materialy konferentsii ’Middle’ and ‘Creative’: Emerging Russian Social Groups in Language and in Culture, sostoyavsheysya 26-25 oktyabrya 2013 v Tsentre printsessy Dashkovoy Edinburgskogo universiteta (URL.:http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/literatures-languages-cultures/dashkova/research-resources/middle-creative-programme; data obrashcheniya: 25.04.2014)
Hall S. The Work of Representation // Representation: Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices, The Open University 1997, pp. 13-75
Bourdieu P. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, Harvard University Press, 1984, pp. 640 [Translated by Richard Nice]
Shabanova M.A. Problemy vstraivaniya rynka v «nerynochnoe» obshchestvo // Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya, 2005, № 3, str. 5-15;
Khakhulina L. Sub'ektivnye otsenki sotsial'nogo neravenstva: rezul'taty sravnitel'nogo mezhdunarodnogo issledovaniya;
Sud'by russkoy intelligentsii. Materialy diskussiy. 1932-1925 gg. – Novosibirsk: Nauka. Sib otd-e, 1991. – 222 s.
Fuko M. Poryadok diskursa // Volya k istine: po tu storonu znaniya, vlasti i seksual'nosti. Raboty raznykh let. Per. s frants.— M., Kastal', 1996.— 448 s.
Kryshtanovskaya O.V. Biznes-elita i oligarkhi: itogi desyatiletiya // Mir Rossii, 2002 № 4, str. 3-60;
Kryshtanovskaya O.V. Formirovanie regional'noy elity: printsipy i mekhanizmy // Politicheskaya sotsiologiya, 2003;
Zvereva V.V. Reprezentatsiya i real'nost' // Otechestvennye zapiski, 2003 № 4;
Zhiznennye stili i sotsial'nye praktiki intelligentsii: Sb. statey / pod red. Zh.T. Toshchenko; Sost.: Tsapko M.S., Roslyakov A.B..; M.: RGGU, 2002. 300 s.;
El'tsova K.K. «Semiotika izbrannosti»: diskurs o mode (po materialam prilozheniya «Stil'» k gazete «Kommersant'»), MUNTs «VShEK» RGGU, Moskva 2010 g. 110 str.;
Gudkov L., Dubin B., Levada Yu. Problema elity v segodnyashney Rossii. M., 2007;
Gudkov L.D., Dubin B.V. Intelligentsiya: Zametki o literaturno-politicheskikh illyuziyakh. 2-e izd., ispr. i dop. – Spb.: Izd-vo Ivana Limbakha, 2009. – 304 s.;
Burd'e P. Formy kapitala // Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya, T. 3, № 5, noyabr' 2002, str. 60-75 (per. M.S. Dobryakovoy);
Belyaeva L.A. Material'noe neravenstvo v Rossii. Real'nost' i tendentsii // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, № 11, noyabr' 2007, s. 29-41.;

References (transliteration):
«Razgovory o media: Andrey Loshak i Dmitriy Ol'shanskiy» v izdanii «Afisha», 08.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-loshak-olshansky/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Grigoriy Revzin i Yuriy Saprykin» v izdanii «Afisha», 06.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-revzin-saprykin/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Ekaterina Gerasicheva i Vasiliy Esmanov», izdanie «Afisha», 20.08.2012, (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-gerasicheva-esmanov/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Il'ya Tsentsiper i Dem'yan Kudryavtsev», v izdanii «Afisha», 01.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-tsentsiper-kudryavtsev/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Kseniya Sobchak i Oleg Kashin» v izdanii «Afisha», 31.07.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-sobchak-kashin; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Maksim Koval'skiy i Mikhail Zygar'», izdanie «Afisha», 03.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-kovalski-zygar; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Filipp Bakhtin i Filipp Dzyadko», izdanie «Afisha», 31.07.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-bahtin-dzyadko/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Pole samo zachishchaet sebya» – interv'yu Marii Stepanovoy izdaniyu «Afisha», 25.06.2012 (URL.: http://www.afisha.ru/article/openspace_is_over/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Alena Doletskaya i Nikolay Uskov», v izdanii «Afisha», 02.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-doletskaya-uskov/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Razgovory o media: Aleksandr Urzhanov i Petr Tolstoy», izdanie «Afisha», 07.08.2012 (URL.: http://gorod.afisha.ru/archive/media-urzhanov-tolstoy/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
Spisok korpusa analiziruemykh istochnikov:
post «Sergey Mostovshchikov o perspektivakh intellektual'nogo glyantsa» v Zhivom Zhurnale, yanvar' 2008 (URL.: http://volk.livejournal.com/846632.html; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Profil' Natal'i Sindeevoy (so-osnovatel'nitsy radiostantsii «Serebryanyy Dozhd'» i vladelitsy telekanala «Dozhd'») na Snob.ru (URL: http://www.snob.ru/profile/5300 i t.d.; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014).
Ob'yavlenie o seminare «Kreativnyy klass» na Lookatme, noyabr' 2009 (URL: http://www.lookatme.ru/cities/moscow/events/85877-seminar-kreativnyy-klass-literaturnyy-perevod; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014) «Chto na samom dele sozdal kreativnyy klass»; fevral' 2012 (URL: http://www.afisha.ru/article/sapr-on-creative-class/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Interv'yu s Filippom Bakhtinym (Esquire, 2010 god, URL: http://besttoday.ru/read/515.html; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Interv'yu s Dmitriem Golubovskim, Esquire, noyabr' 2011 (URL: http://os.colta.ru/media/paper/details/31881/?expand=yes&attempt=1; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Interv'yu s Artemiem Troitskim v zhurnale «Krasivye lyudi», mart 2010 (URL.: http://www.sayen.ru/ob-otele/pressa-o-kompanii/interevyu-s-artemeem-troitskim-zhurnal-krasivye-lyudi; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
«Tupye, zhirnye, nerabotayushchie, vechno p'yanye plebei glumyatsya nad obrazovannym klassom» na Snob.ru, iyun' 2011 (URL: http://www.snob.ru/selected/entry/20371; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Andrey Loshak v «Shkole zlosloviya», iyun' 2010 (URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=4wo_posmsDU&NR=1 (3’40); data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
«Sezon performansov» na Snob.ru, noyabr' 2011 (URL: http://www.snob.ru/magazine/entry/42839; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
«Otkrytoe prostranstvo pereplaniruyut», Mnenia.ru (URL.: http://mnenia.ru/rubric/society/otkrytoe-prostranstvo-pereplaniruyut; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014)
«Maksim Koval'skiy opublikoval stat'yu Mikhaila Khodorkovskogo v zhurnale “Kommersant'-Vlast'”», 16.06.2009, (URL.: http://www.snob.ru/fp/entry/3900?preview=print; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
«Itogi nulevykh: Il'ya Oskolkov-Tsentsiper, prezident instituta «Strelka», vitse-prezident kompanii Yota, osnovatel' «Afishi», 43 goda», yanvar' 2011 (URL: http://www.afisha.ru/article/8312/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Rutten E. The Faces and Spaces of a Russian Culture-News Portal: www.openspace.ru, Digital Icons: Studies in Russian, Eurasian and Central European New Media, №6 (2011): 93-103.
«Dlya mnogikh eto byla ne rabota, eto byla zhizn'» – interv'yu Il'i Oskolkova-Tsentsipera Afisha.ru, avgust 2009 (URL: http://www.afisha.ru/article/answers_oskolkov/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Spisok ispol'zovannykh Internet-publikatsiy:
«”Bol'shoy gorod” – ne otkrytoe pis'mo chinovnikam», Openspace.ru, dekabr' 2009 (URL.: http://os.colta.ru/media/paper/details/14976/page3/; data obrashcheniya 25.04.2014);
Roesen T. www.snob.ru: A Social Network Site for the Elite, Digital Icons: Studies in Russian, Eurasian and Central European New Media, №6 (2011): 81-92.
Materialy konferentsii ’Middle’ and ‘Creative’: Emerging Russian Social Groups in Language and in Culture, sostoyavsheysya 26-25 oktyabrya 2013 v Tsentre printsessy Dashkovoy Edinburgskogo universiteta (URL.:http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/literatures-languages-cultures/dashkova/research-resources/middle-creative-programme; data obrashcheniya: 25.04.2014)
Hall S. The Work of Representation // Representation: Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices, The Open University 1997, pp. 13-75
Bourdieu P. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, Harvard University Press, 1984, pp. 640 [Translated by Richard Nice]
Shabanova M.A. Problemy vstraivaniya rynka v «nerynochnoe» obshchestvo // Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya, 2005, № 3, str. 5-15;
Khakhulina L. Sub'ektivnye otsenki sotsial'nogo neravenstva: rezul'taty sravnitel'nogo mezhdunarodnogo issledovaniya;
Sud'by russkoy intelligentsii. Materialy diskussiy. 1932-1925 gg. – Novosibirsk: Nauka. Sib otd-e, 1991. – 222 s.
Fuko M. Poryadok diskursa // Volya k istine: po tu storonu znaniya, vlasti i seksual'nosti. Raboty raznykh let. Per. s frants.— M., Kastal', 1996.— 448 s.
Kryshtanovskaya O.V. Biznes-elita i oligarkhi: itogi desyatiletiya // Mir Rossii, 2002 № 4, str. 3-60;
Kryshtanovskaya O.V. Formirovanie regional'noy elity: printsipy i mekhanizmy // Politicheskaya sotsiologiya, 2003;
Zvereva V.V. Reprezentatsiya i real'nost' // Otechestvennye zapiski, 2003 № 4;
Zhiznennye stili i sotsial'nye praktiki intelligentsii: Sb. statey / pod red. Zh.T. Toshchenko; Sost.: Tsapko M.S., Roslyakov A.B..; M.: RGGU, 2002. 300 s.;
El'tsova K.K. «Semiotika izbrannosti»: diskurs o mode (po materialam prilozheniya «Stil'» k gazete «Kommersant'»), MUNTs «VShEK» RGGU, Moskva 2010 g. 110 str.;
Gudkov L., Dubin B., Levada Yu. Problema elity v segodnyashney Rossii. M., 2007;
Gudkov L.D., Dubin B.V. Intelligentsiya: Zametki o literaturno-politicheskikh illyuziyakh. 2-e izd., ispr. i dop. – Spb.: Izd-vo Ivana Limbakha, 2009. – 304 s.;
Burd'e P. Formy kapitala // Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya, T. 3, № 5, noyabr' 2002, str. 60-75 (per. M.S. Dobryakovoy);
Belyaeva L.A. Material'noe neravenstvo v Rossii. Real'nost' i tendentsii // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, № 11, noyabr' 2007, s. 29-41.;

Аннотация: The process of formation of the integrated European community creates a discourse about formation of the European identity that involves discussion of the issue on self-identification of a dynamic and rapidly growing Muslim community in the West and Great Britain in particular. The fiercest debates including debates on the prospects of multiculturalism deal with Muslims performing their religious customs and traditions in Europe. The question about religious and legal self-consciousness of British Muslims has become one of the key topics to be discussed by the governments of many European states. European culture has managed to find place for Muslim dispute resolution agencies as traditional (religious) but not solely legal institutions. European Muslims are in some kind of «legal pluralism» that allows them to retain their religion, culture and values. On one hand, it creates the difference between Muslim and European (mostly secular) identity and, on the other hand, allows European Muslims to coexist in harmony with the European identity.

Ключевые слова: culture, religion, identity, globalization, Islamic Law, European Muslims, Euro Islam, secularism, multiculturalism, self-consciousness.

Контактная информация: Tkhor Vadim Viktorovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Vokhonka 14/1, bld. 5, room 419.

Библиография:
Krymskiy A.E. Istoriya musul'manstva. – M., 2003.
Kurbanov R.V. Fikkh musul'manskikh men'shinstv Musul' manskoe zakonodatel'stvo v sovremennom nemusul'manskom mire (na primere stran Zapadnoy Evropy i Severnoy Ameriki): monografiya / Pod obshch. red. D. V. Mukhetdinova.-M .-N . Novgorod : ID «Medina» , 2011.
Identichnost' kak predmet politicheskogo analiza. Sbornik statey po itogam Vserossiyskogo nauchno-teoreticheskoy konferentsii (IMEMO RAN, 21-22 oktyabrya 2010 g.).-Moskva, 2011.
Guseynov A. A. Vozmozhno li global'noe obshchestvo bez global'nogo etosa?//Gumanitarnaya kul'tura kak faktor preobrazovaniya Rossii. SPb.: GPU, 1998.
Religiya v samosoznanii naroda (religioznyy faktor v identifikatsionnykh protsessakh) / Otv. red. M.P. Mchedlov-M.: Institut sotsiologii RAN, 2008.
Malakhov V.S. Neudobstva s identichnost'yu.// http://intellectuals.ru/malakhov/izbran/8ident.htm
Marietta Stepanyants. Etnokonfessional'nye protsessy v sovremennoy Rossii: islam.// «Neprikosnovennyy zapas» 2002, №6(26). http://magazines.russ.ru/nz/2002/6/mariettt.html
Syukiyaynen L.R. Vzaimodeystvie islamskoy i evropeyskoy pravovykh kul'tur: sovremennyy opyt // Ezhegodnik liberal'no-yuridicheskoy teorii, 2009. № 2.-C. 171-188.
Syukiyaynen L.R. Islam i musul'manskie men'shinstva v Evrope: protivostoyanie pravovykh kul'tur// http://iph.ras.ru/uplfile/smirnov/ishraq/3/36_suk.pdf.
Tishkov V.A., Shabaev Yu.B. Etnopolitologiya: politicheskie funktsii etnichnosti: uchebnik dlya vuzov. – M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 2011.
Ashworth L. Islamic arbitration of family law disputes in New Zealand. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachalor of Laws with Honours at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. – October, 2010.
Buchler A. Islamic law in Europe? Legal pluralism and its limits in European family laws. – UK: Ashgate, 2012.
Hadi, Abdul al-Hakim. A Code of Practice for Muslims in the West. In accordance with the edicts of His Eminence Grand Ayatullah As-Sayyid Ali al-Husaini as-Seestani. Translated by Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi. Edited by Najim al-Khafaji. – London: Imam Ali Foundation, 2001.
Islam, Europe’s second religion: the new social, cultural and political landscape. – Edited by Hunter S.T. – Washington: Praeger publishers, 2002.
Kymlicka W. Multicultural odysseys. Navigating the New International politics of diversity. – New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Klausen J. The Islamic challenge: politics and religion in Western Europe. – New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Levey G.B., Modood T. Secularism, religion and multicultural citizenship. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
MacEoin D. Sharia Law or ‘One Law for all?’ – London: The Cromwell Press Group, 2009.
Multiculturalism, Muslims and citizenship: a European approach.-Edited by Modood T., Triandafyllidou A. and Zapata-Barrero R. – London, New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2006.
Muslim Britain: Communities under Pressure. – Edited by Abbas T. – London, 2005.

References (transliteration):
Krymskiy A.E. Istoriya musul'manstva. – M., 2003.
Kurbanov R.V. Fikkh musul'manskikh men'shinstv Musul' manskoe zakonodatel'stvo v sovremennom nemusul'manskom mire (na primere stran Zapadnoy Evropy i Severnoy Ameriki): monografiya / Pod obshch. red. D. V. Mukhetdinova.-M .-N . Novgorod : ID «Medina» , 2011.
Identichnost' kak predmet politicheskogo analiza. Sbornik statey po itogam Vserossiyskogo nauchno-teoreticheskoy konferentsii (IMEMO RAN, 21-22 oktyabrya 2010 g.).-Moskva, 2011.
Guseynov A. A. Vozmozhno li global'noe obshchestvo bez global'nogo etosa?//Gumanitarnaya kul'tura kak faktor preobrazovaniya Rossii. SPb.: GPU, 1998.
Religiya v samosoznanii naroda (religioznyy faktor v identifikatsionnykh protsessakh) / Otv. red. M.P. Mchedlov-M.: Institut sotsiologii RAN, 2008.
Malakhov V.S. Neudobstva s identichnost'yu.// http://intellectuals.ru/malakhov/izbran/8ident.htm
Marietta Stepanyants. Etnokonfessional'nye protsessy v sovremennoy Rossii: islam.// «Neprikosnovennyy zapas» 2002, №6(26). http://magazines.russ.ru/nz/2002/6/mariettt.html
Syukiyaynen L.R. Vzaimodeystvie islamskoy i evropeyskoy pravovykh kul'tur: sovremennyy opyt // Ezhegodnik liberal'no-yuridicheskoy teorii, 2009. № 2.-C. 171-188.
Syukiyaynen L.R. Islam i musul'manskie men'shinstva v Evrope: protivostoyanie pravovykh kul'tur// http://iph.ras.ru/uplfile/smirnov/ishraq/3/36_suk.pdf.
Tishkov V.A., Shabaev Yu.B. Etnopolitologiya: politicheskie funktsii etnichnosti: uchebnik dlya vuzov. – M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 2011.
Ashworth L. Islamic arbitration of family law disputes in New Zealand. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachalor of Laws with Honours at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. – October, 2010.
Buchler A. Islamic law in Europe? Legal pluralism and its limits in European family laws. – UK: Ashgate, 2012.
Hadi, Abdul al-Hakim. A Code of Practice for Muslims in the West. In accordance with the edicts of His Eminence Grand Ayatullah As-Sayyid Ali al-Husaini as-Seestani. Translated by Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi. Edited by Najim al-Khafaji. – London: Imam Ali Foundation, 2001.
Islam, Europe’s second religion: the new social, cultural and political landscape. – Edited by Hunter S.T. – Washington: Praeger publishers, 2002.
Kymlicka W. Multicultural odysseys. Navigating the New International politics of diversity. – New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Klausen J. The Islamic challenge: politics and religion in Western Europe. – New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Levey G.B., Modood T. Secularism, religion and multicultural citizenship. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
MacEoin D. Sharia Law or ‘One Law for all?’ – London: The Cromwell Press Group, 2009.
Multiculturalism, Muslims and citizenship: a European approach.-Edited by Modood T., Triandafyllidou A. and Zapata-Barrero R. – London, New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2006.
Muslim Britain: Communities under Pressure. – Edited by Abbas T. – London, 2005.

Аннотация: A classical concept about self-knowledge as the ‘appeal of the knower to himself’ (reflection) faces a difficulty: in order to make it possible for one to understand himself by the means of reflection, it is necessary for him to have the basic knowledge about his own structures (such as temporality and intentionality) allowing to state that it is him who is being the object of reflection. Spontaneous features of the knower create the grounds for credibility of facts discovered during the process of reflection. As a result, a gap between the knower and the other world can be created. The author of the article shows that critics of the Cartesian paradigm, caused by the above difficulties, is limited to subject-object relations and does not touch upon reflection as the process requiring certain knowledge about ourselves. As a result, concepts that do not take into account the role of the knower are dependent on reflective structures and certain difficulties caused by these structures. In order to overcome these difficulties we need to deny the supposition about initial equivalence of the knower and the object of self-knowledge.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, subject, reflection, consciousness, self-consciousness, knowledge, intentionality, phenomenology, temporality, self-objectivation.

Контактная информация: Ryabushkina Tatyana Mikhailovna, 109028, Russia, Moscow, Maliy Trekhsvyatitelsky per. 8/2, komn. 309.

Библиография:
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