Аннотация: The subject of this research is the Kabbalah as the most well-known mystical tradition of Judaism. It is studied in the context of comparative analysis of the philosophical-mystical traditions of the world in accordance with the three fundamental positions: 1) Essence of the Absolute and the character of mystical contact with Him; 2) Correlation between the ideal and phenomenal (material) being; 3) Methods of mystical psychopractice. The article carries out a comparative analysis of the ideas of Kabbalah and other immanent mystical traditions of the world, primarily Tantrism, Advaita Vedanta, and Buddhism. Kabbalah represents an immanent pantheistic integrative mystical tradition. The Absolute is being viewed as the Wholeness, which exists by the principle “everything in one, one in everything”. Through the mystical “closeness” (Devekut) with the Absolute (Ein Sof) the egocentric consciousness is being overcome, and the global unitotality achieved. The main methods of the psychopractice of Kabbalah consist in love and trust, meditative contemplation of the Absolute, psychosomatic exercise, and disciplinary asceticism. Such psychopractive actively uses the energy cores of a person (Sephiroth). As a result, the transformation of consciousness (enlightenment) is achieved.  

Ключевые слова: Devekut, psychopractice, integrative tradition, immanent mysticism, enlightened consciousness, egocentric consciousness, Kabbalah, Absolute, Sephiroth, Ein-Sof

Библиография:
Zhirtueva N.S. Osnovnye napravleniya issledovaniya misticheskogo fenomena v sovremennoy nauke // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2014. - 12. - C. 1325 - 1334. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.12.13582.
Zhirtueva N.S. Mistika kak psikhopraktika preodoleniya Ego i vospitaniya samoaktualizirovannoy lichnosti. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2015. - 2. - C. 183 - 193. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2015.2.14115.
Bulgakov S. N. Svet nevecherniy: Sozertsaniya i umozreniya. // Elektronnaya biblioteka Royallib.com [http://psylib.org.ua/books/govin02/index.htm, dostup ot 03.07.2016].
Zhirtueva N. S. Problema soznaniya v immanentnykh misticheskikh ucheniyakh i sovremennoy nauke.// Fіlosofs'kі obrії. – Vip. 35. – 2016. – S. 130-139.
Zhirtueva N.S. Psikhologicheskiy i sotsial'nyy vektory misticheskikh ucheniy (praktika preobrazheniya cheloveka i obshchestva) // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2015. - 4. - C. 402 - 412. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2015.4.14429.
Zhirtueva N.S. Mnogoobrazie misticheskoy lyubvi v religioznykh traditsiyakh mira // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2015. - 3. - C. 77 - 111. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2015.3.14813. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_14813.html
Eliade M. Opyty misticheskogo sveta. // Biblioteka ezoteriki «Pazly». [ http://e-puzzle.ru/page.php?al=eliade_mirchaopyty_mis, dostup ot 16.04.2016].
Kravtsov M. A. Kabbalisticheskiy ocherk i kommentarii. // Shimon R. Fragmenty iz knigi «Zogar»; [komment. i per. s aram. M. A. Kravtsova]. – M. : Gnozis, 1994. – S. 255 – 324.
Sholem G. Osnovnye techeniya v evreyskoy mistike. // Biblioteka-aliya. Ierusalim. [http://abuss.narod.ru/Biblio/sholem/sholem.htm, dostup ot 03.07.2016].
Golmen D. Mnogoobrazie meditativnogo opyta.-Kiev : «Sofiya», 1993. – 137 s.
Shimon R. Fragmenty iz knigi «Zogar». M. : Gnozis, 1994. – 336 s.
Laytman M. ZOAR.-M. : AST, Astrel', 2008. – 703 s.
Torchinov E. A. Religii mira: opyt zapredel'nogo. Psikhotekhnika i transpersonal'nye sostoyaniya.// Biblioteka Fonda sodeystviya razvitiyu psikhicheskoy kul'tury. [http://psylib.org.ua/books/torch01/index.htm, dostup ot 03.07.2016].
DubnovS. M. Kratkaya istoriya evreev. Ch.3.-Uzhgorod: «Patent», b/g. – 158 s.
Stace W. T. Mysticism and Philosophy. – London : Macmillan, 1961. – 349 p.
Zhirtueva N. S. Tipologiya misticheskikh traditsiy i metodov misticheskoy psikhopraktiki. // Voprosy filosofii.-2016.-№ 4. – S. 60-69.
Zhirtueva N. S. Tipologiya misticheskikh traditsiy i metodov misticheskoy psikhopraktiki. // Voprosy filosofii.-2015.-№ 9. – S. 201 – 210.
Ellwood R. S. Mysticism and Religion.-Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall, 1980. – 194 r.
Berdyaev N. A. Filosofiya svobodnogo dukha. / N. A. Berdyaev. //Dialektika bozhestvennogo i chelovecheskogo.-M.: «Izd-vo AST»; Khar'kov: «Folio», 2003. – S. 15-338.

References (transliteration):
Zhirtueva N.S. Osnovnye napravleniya issledovaniya misticheskogo fenomena v sovremennoy nauke // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2014. - 12. - C. 1325 - 1334. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.12.13582.
Zhirtueva N.S. Mistika kak psikhopraktika preodoleniya Ego i vospitaniya samoaktualizirovannoy lichnosti. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2015. - 2. - C. 183 - 193. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2015.2.14115.
Bulgakov S. N. Svet nevecherniy: Sozertsaniya i umozreniya. // Elektronnaya biblioteka Royallib.com [http://psylib.org.ua/books/govin02/index.htm, dostup ot 03.07.2016].
Zhirtueva N. S. Problema soznaniya v immanentnykh misticheskikh ucheniyakh i sovremennoy nauke.// Fіlosofs'kі obrії. – Vip. 35. – 2016. – S. 130-139.
Zhirtueva N.S. Psikhologicheskiy i sotsial'nyy vektory misticheskikh ucheniy (praktika preobrazheniya cheloveka i obshchestva) // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2015. - 4. - C. 402 - 412. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2015.4.14429.
Zhirtueva N.S. Mnogoobrazie misticheskoy lyubvi v religioznykh traditsiyakh mira // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2015. - 3. - C. 77 - 111. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2015.3.14813. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_14813.html
Eliade M. Opyty misticheskogo sveta. // Biblioteka ezoteriki «Pazly». [ http://e-puzzle.ru/page.php?al=eliade_mirchaopyty_mis, dostup ot 16.04.2016].
Kravtsov M. A. Kabbalisticheskiy ocherk i kommentarii. // Shimon R. Fragmenty iz knigi «Zogar»; [komment. i per. s aram. M. A. Kravtsova]. – M. : Gnozis, 1994. – S. 255 – 324.
Sholem G. Osnovnye techeniya v evreyskoy mistike. // Biblioteka-aliya. Ierusalim. [http://abuss.narod.ru/Biblio/sholem/sholem.htm, dostup ot 03.07.2016].
Golmen D. Mnogoobrazie meditativnogo opyta.-Kiev : «Sofiya», 1993. – 137 s.
Shimon R. Fragmenty iz knigi «Zogar». M. : Gnozis, 1994. – 336 s.
Laytman M. ZOAR.-M. : AST, Astrel', 2008. – 703 s.
Torchinov E. A. Religii mira: opyt zapredel'nogo. Psikhotekhnika i transpersonal'nye sostoyaniya.// Biblioteka Fonda sodeystviya razvitiyu psikhicheskoy kul'tury. [http://psylib.org.ua/books/torch01/index.htm, dostup ot 03.07.2016].
DubnovS. M. Kratkaya istoriya evreev. Ch.3.-Uzhgorod: «Patent», b/g. – 158 s.
Stace W. T. Mysticism and Philosophy. – London : Macmillan, 1961. – 349 p.
Zhirtueva N. S. Tipologiya misticheskikh traditsiy i metodov misticheskoy psikhopraktiki. // Voprosy filosofii.-2016.-№ 4. – S. 60-69.
Zhirtueva N. S. Tipologiya misticheskikh traditsiy i metodov misticheskoy psikhopraktiki. // Voprosy filosofii.-2015.-№ 9. – S. 201 – 210.
Ellwood R. S. Mysticism and Religion.-Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall, 1980. – 194 r.
Berdyaev N. A. Filosofiya svobodnogo dukha. / N. A. Berdyaev. //Dialektika bozhestvennogo i chelovecheskogo.-M.: «Izd-vo AST»; Khar'kov: «Folio», 2003. – S. 15-338.

Аннотация: The object of this research is the angelological concept of René Descartes, as well as the doctrine about spirits of the reformation theologians Balthasar Bekker and Henry Bowman.  The subject of this research is the ideas about nature and functions of the angels and demons formulated by these thinkers in the context of the fundamental positions of Cartesianism. The author examines how the methodology of Descartes was used by Bekker and Bowman for the purpose of repudiation of the Christian doctrine about spirits of Medieval Times. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this research examines a philosophical-theological aspect of Cartesianism, which remains unstudied within the Russian science, namely the outlook of Descartes upon spirits and the influence of his doctrine on the teachings of the reformation theologians pertaining to this topic. The author makes the conclusion that Descartes’ metaphysics became the key instrumentfor Bekker and Bowman, who used it to destroy the traditional beliefs in angels and demons, despite the intention of Descartes to remain faithful to the doctrine of the Catholic Church. At the same time, we can observe a connection between such development of Caertesianism (Bekker, Bowman) and their belonging to Protestantism.

Ключевые слова: Protestantism, Cartesianism, collegiants, Baltasar Becker, Rene Descartes, demons, spirits, angels, demonology, Enlightenment

Библиография:
Robbins R. Kh. Entsiklopediya koldovstva i demonologii. M.: Lokid, MIF, 1996. 560 s.
Affield R. Balthasar Bekker and the decline of the witch-craze: The old demonology and the new philosophy // Annals of Science. 1985. 42 (4). P. 383–395.
Enverov R.N., Karabykov A.V. Transformatsiya traditsionnoy khristianskoy demonologii v filosofskoy doktrine Tomasa Gobbsa (1588–1679) // Religiovedenie. 2015. № 3 (v pechati).
Zhil'son E. Izbrannoe. Tom 1. Tomizm. Vvedenie v filosofiyu sv. Fomy Akvinskogo. M.; SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, 1999. 496 s.
Hall R.A. Henry More: Magic, Religion, and Experiment. Oxford: Blackwell. 1990. 202 p.
Ashwort W.B. Christianity and the Mechanistic Universe // When science and Christianity meet. Ed by Linberg D. C., Numbers R. L. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press. 2003. 370 p.
Dekart R. Sochineniya v 2 t.: Per. s lat. i frants. T 2 / Sost., red. i primech. V. V. Sokolova. M.: Mysl', 1994. 633 s.
Shonyu P. Tsivilizatsiya klassicheskoy Evropy / Per. s fr. i poslesl. V. Babintseva. Ekaterinburg: U Faktoriya, 2005. 608 s.
Heßbrüggen-Walter S. Early Modern Thought Online: The Blog // http://emto.tumblr.com/post/11904830157/early-modern-angels-i-descartes.
Dekart R. Sochineniya v 2 t.: Per. s lat. i frants. T 1 / Sost., red., vstup. st. V. V. Sokolova. M.: Mysl', 1989. 654 s.
Kollegianty. Khristianstvo: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar': V 2 t.: t. 1. M.: Bol'shaya Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya, 1993. 786 s.
Harrison P. The Fall of Man and the Foundations of Science. Cambridge University Press. 2007. 300 p.
Fix A. Angels, Devils, and Evil Spirits in Seventeenth-Century Thought: Balthasar Bekker and the Collegiants // Journal of the History of Ideas. 1989. Vol. 50. № 4. P. 527–547.

References (transliteration):
Robbins R. Kh. Entsiklopediya koldovstva i demonologii. M.: Lokid, MIF, 1996. 560 s.
Affield R. Balthasar Bekker and the decline of the witch-craze: The old demonology and the new philosophy // Annals of Science. 1985. 42 (4). P. 383–395.
Enverov R.N., Karabykov A.V. Transformatsiya traditsionnoy khristianskoy demonologii v filosofskoy doktrine Tomasa Gobbsa (1588–1679) // Religiovedenie. 2015. № 3 (v pechati).
Zhil'son E. Izbrannoe. Tom 1. Tomizm. Vvedenie v filosofiyu sv. Fomy Akvinskogo. M.; SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, 1999. 496 s.
Hall R.A. Henry More: Magic, Religion, and Experiment. Oxford: Blackwell. 1990. 202 p.
Ashwort W.B. Christianity and the Mechanistic Universe // When science and Christianity meet. Ed by Linberg D. C., Numbers R. L. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press. 2003. 370 p.
Dekart R. Sochineniya v 2 t.: Per. s lat. i frants. T 2 / Sost., red. i primech. V. V. Sokolova. M.: Mysl', 1994. 633 s.
Shonyu P. Tsivilizatsiya klassicheskoy Evropy / Per. s fr. i poslesl. V. Babintseva. Ekaterinburg: U Faktoriya, 2005. 608 s.
Heßbrüggen-Walter S. Early Modern Thought Online: The Blog // http://emto.tumblr.com/post/11904830157/early-modern-angels-i-descartes.
Dekart R. Sochineniya v 2 t.: Per. s lat. i frants. T 1 / Sost., red., vstup. st. V. V. Sokolova. M.: Mysl', 1989. 654 s.
Kollegianty. Khristianstvo: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar': V 2 t.: t. 1. M.: Bol'shaya Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya, 1993. 786 s.
Harrison P. The Fall of Man and the Foundations of Science. Cambridge University Press. 2007. 300 p.
Fix A. Angels, Devils, and Evil Spirits in Seventeenth-Century Thought: Balthasar Bekker and the Collegiants // Journal of the History of Ideas. 1989. Vol. 50. № 4. P. 527–547.

Аннотация: This article is dedicated to the issue of purpose and predestination of a person in the works of the founders of the Protestant movement in Christianity – Martin Luther and John Calvin, as well as their followers. Their ideas laid the foundation for a new outlook not only on Christian religion, but also on a man as the central object of religious views. Based on the idea of philosophical anthropology, the author attempts to more objectively examine the origins of Protestant outlook on predestination of a man and individual, and in accordance with this idea, present the concept of salvation of the soul. Characterizing the components of the issue of human predestination, the author attempts to reveal the spiritual and material aspects of becoming of a true Christian (homo Christianus) within the perception of the Protestant Church. The novelty of this research consists in a comprehensive examination of this issue. On the basis of analysis of the works of Protestant ideologists – Martin Luther, John Calvin, Jacob Boehme, and Philipp Melanchthon, the author explores the doctrine of predestination, the issue of self-cognition and human cognition of God, essence of a man as an instrument in the hand of God.

Ключевые слова: homo christianus, salvation, destination, predestination, John Calvin, Martin Luther, Protestantism, knowledge, Reformation, religion

Библиография:
Lyuter M. O rabstve voli. Martin Lyuter. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. SPb.: «Andreev i soglasie», 1994. – S. 185 – 382.
Lyuter M. K khristianskomu dvoryanstvu nemetskoy natsii ob ispravlenii khristianstva // Martin Lyuter. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. SPb.: «Andreev i soglasie», 1994. – S. 55 – 119.
Beme Ya. Teosofskie poslaniya // Martin Lyuter. 95 tezisov / Sost., vstup. st., primech. i komment. I. Fokina. — SPb.: Roza mira, 2002. – S. 165 – 230.
Lyuter M. O svetskoy vlasti. V kakoy mere ey sleduet povinovat'sya. // Martin Lyuter. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. SPb.: «Andreev i soglasie», 1994. – S. 131– 164.
Lyuter M. Otkrytoe uveshchevanie ko vsem khristianam vozderzhat'sya ot smuty i myatezha // Martin Lyuter. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. SPb.: «Andreev i soglasie», 1994. – S. 120 – 130.
Dil'tey V. Vozzrenie na mir i issledovanie cheloveka so vremen Vozrozhdeniya i Reformatsii. – 2-e izd., – M.; SPb.: «Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ», 2013. – 464 s.
Lyuter M. Kratkiy katekhizis // Martin Lyuter. 95 tezisov / Sost., vstup. st., primech. i komment. I. Fokina. — SPb.: Roza mira, 2002. – S. 108 – 117.
Melankhnon F. Augsburgskoe veroispovedanie // Martin Lyuter. 95 tezisov / Sost., vstup. st., primech. i komment. I. Fokina. — SPb.: Roza mira, 2002. – S. 123 – 164.
Kal'vin Zh. Nastavleniya v khristianskoy vere.[Per. s.fr. A. D. Bakulov]. T.III. USA. 1997 – 1999. – 479 c.
Kal'vin Zh. Nastavleniya v khristianskoy vere. [Per. s.fr. A. D. Bakulov]. T.I. USA. 1997 – 1999. – S. 3 – 236.
Fokin I. Martin Lyuter i nemetskaya Reformatsiya // Martin Lyuter. 95 tezisov / Sost., vstup. st., primech. i komment. I. Fokina. — SPb.: Roza mira, 2002. – S. 3 – 44.
Makgrat A. Bogoslovskaya mysl' Reformatsii. Odessa, Izd. OBSh "Bogomyslie", 1994. – 281 s.
Merezhkovskiy D. S. Lyuter // Reformatory: Lyuter. Kal'vin. Paskal'. Bryussel': Izdatel'stvo «Zhizn' s Bogom» i Ternira Pachmuss, 1990. – 137 s.
Merezhkovskiy D. S. Kal'vin // Reformatory: Lyuter. Kal'vin. Paskal'. Bryussel': Izdatel'stvo «Zhizn' s Bogom» i Ternira Pachmuss, 1990. – 100 s.
Fisher K. Uchenie o religii v novoy filosofii // Martin Lyuter. 95 tezisov / Sost., vstup. st., primech. i komment. I. Fokina. — SPb.: Roza mira, 2002. – S. 371 – 496.
Brendler G. Martin Lyuter: Teologiya i revolyutsiya. M.; SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, 2000. – 368 s.
Ruokanen M. Uchenie o bogovdokhnovennosti. Martin Lyuter i ego mesto v ekumenicheskoy probleme bogovdokhnovennosti. SPb.: «Svetoch», 2005. – 156 s
Korotkov V.O. «Prednaznachenie cheloveka v filosofsko-religioznoy sisteme ordena iezuitov» // «Vestnik UrGUPS» №2, 2014. – S. 61 – 68.
Gorfunkel' A. Kh. Filosofiya epokhi Vozrozhdeniya. Ucheb. posobie. – M.: Vyssh. shkola, 1980. – 368 s.
Veber M. Protestantskaya etika i dukh kapitalizma // Veber M. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. M.: Progress, 1990. – S. 61 – 272.

References (transliteration):
Lyuter M. O rabstve voli. Martin Lyuter. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. SPb.: «Andreev i soglasie», 1994. – S. 185 – 382.
Lyuter M. K khristianskomu dvoryanstvu nemetskoy natsii ob ispravlenii khristianstva // Martin Lyuter. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. SPb.: «Andreev i soglasie», 1994. – S. 55 – 119.
Beme Ya. Teosofskie poslaniya // Martin Lyuter. 95 tezisov / Sost., vstup. st., primech. i komment. I. Fokina. — SPb.: Roza mira, 2002. – S. 165 – 230.
Lyuter M. O svetskoy vlasti. V kakoy mere ey sleduet povinovat'sya. // Martin Lyuter. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. SPb.: «Andreev i soglasie», 1994. – S. 131– 164.
Lyuter M. Otkrytoe uveshchevanie ko vsem khristianam vozderzhat'sya ot smuty i myatezha // Martin Lyuter. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. SPb.: «Andreev i soglasie», 1994. – S. 120 – 130.
Dil'tey V. Vozzrenie na mir i issledovanie cheloveka so vremen Vozrozhdeniya i Reformatsii. – 2-e izd., – M.; SPb.: «Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ», 2013. – 464 s.
Lyuter M. Kratkiy katekhizis // Martin Lyuter. 95 tezisov / Sost., vstup. st., primech. i komment. I. Fokina. — SPb.: Roza mira, 2002. – S. 108 – 117.
Melankhnon F. Augsburgskoe veroispovedanie // Martin Lyuter. 95 tezisov / Sost., vstup. st., primech. i komment. I. Fokina. — SPb.: Roza mira, 2002. – S. 123 – 164.
Kal'vin Zh. Nastavleniya v khristianskoy vere.[Per. s.fr. A. D. Bakulov]. T.III. USA. 1997 – 1999. – 479 c.
Kal'vin Zh. Nastavleniya v khristianskoy vere. [Per. s.fr. A. D. Bakulov]. T.I. USA. 1997 – 1999. – S. 3 – 236.
Fokin I. Martin Lyuter i nemetskaya Reformatsiya // Martin Lyuter. 95 tezisov / Sost., vstup. st., primech. i komment. I. Fokina. — SPb.: Roza mira, 2002. – S. 3 – 44.
Makgrat A. Bogoslovskaya mysl' Reformatsii. Odessa, Izd. OBSh "Bogomyslie", 1994. – 281 s.
Merezhkovskiy D. S. Lyuter // Reformatory: Lyuter. Kal'vin. Paskal'. Bryussel': Izdatel'stvo «Zhizn' s Bogom» i Ternira Pachmuss, 1990. – 137 s.
Merezhkovskiy D. S. Kal'vin // Reformatory: Lyuter. Kal'vin. Paskal'. Bryussel': Izdatel'stvo «Zhizn' s Bogom» i Ternira Pachmuss, 1990. – 100 s.
Fisher K. Uchenie o religii v novoy filosofii // Martin Lyuter. 95 tezisov / Sost., vstup. st., primech. i komment. I. Fokina. — SPb.: Roza mira, 2002. – S. 371 – 496.
Brendler G. Martin Lyuter: Teologiya i revolyutsiya. M.; SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, 2000. – 368 s.
Ruokanen M. Uchenie o bogovdokhnovennosti. Martin Lyuter i ego mesto v ekumenicheskoy probleme bogovdokhnovennosti. SPb.: «Svetoch», 2005. – 156 s
Korotkov V.O. «Prednaznachenie cheloveka v filosofsko-religioznoy sisteme ordena iezuitov» // «Vestnik UrGUPS» №2, 2014. – S. 61 – 68.
Gorfunkel' A. Kh. Filosofiya epokhi Vozrozhdeniya. Ucheb. posobie. – M.: Vyssh. shkola, 1980. – 368 s.
Veber M. Protestantskaya etika i dukh kapitalizma // Veber M. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. M.: Progress, 1990. – S. 61 – 272.

Аннотация: The object of study is the religious culture as a form of culture. The author examines religious culture as a phenomenon of culture rather, than an epiphenomenon of religion. He allocates such types of religious culture as: traditionalism, utilitarianism, creativism. In his vision of such destructive phenomenon as religious extremism is semantic attribute of traditionalist religious culture. Partially it is overcome in utilitarianism and removed in the religious culture of creativism. Algorithm development of religious culture presented by the author as a dialectic triad, where the thesis is religious culture of traditionalism, antithesis is religious culture of utilitarianism and synthesis is religious culture of creativism.The methodology of research represents a synthesis of such research procedures as: method of semantic and axiological reduction, in which the researcher cutting off external formal aspects of religious culture explicates their internal informative value-semantic characteristics; and method of ideal typing, aiming at the construction of mental models of religious culture, to serve as its tools of cognition.Scientific novelty and originality consists in development of culturology approach to the study of religious culture, aimed at identifying some general types of religious culture. Use as a tool for cultural study generated by the author of the typological triad: traditionalism, utilitarianism, creativism, allows you: to debunk the widespread tendency for categorizing of such destructive phenomenon as religious extremism as attribute of any concrete-historical religion; to identify universal for different religions, the semantics of this destructive phenomenon; to develop certain universal semantic antidotes to semantically neutralized this phenomenon. The author puts forward the idea that semantic antidote traditionalism is utilitarianism, shook traditionalism revived extremism and terrorism, suppressing these destructive phenomena is carried out within the framework of creativism, to eliminate the opposition of traditionalism and utilitarianism.

Библиография:
Bulgakov S.N. Dva grada. Issledovanie o prirode obshchestvennykh idealov. SPb. Izdatel'stvo Russkogo Khristianskogo gumanitarnogo instituta, 1997. 589s.
Tillikh P. Tsit. izd. S. 226-235.
Buber M. Dva obraza very. M.: Respublika, 1995. 464s.
E. B. Rashkovskiy Religiya i kul'tura v sovremennoy Rossii // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. - 2013. - 1. - C. 21 - 25. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1956.2013.01.2.
Berdyaev N.A. Smysl tvorchestva (Opyt opravdaniya cheloveka). M.: Izdatel'stvo G.A.Lemana i S.I.Sakharova,1916. 385s.
Bul'tman R. Izbrannoe: Vera i ponimanie. M. «Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya», 2004. 752s.
Bart K. Tserkovnaya dogmatika. T. 2. M.: Bibleysko-bogoslovskiy institut sv. apostola Andreya, 2011. 712 s.
Post Abu Abdurahman Faruq. The Moderate Religion. Clarification of the Moderate, Balanced Religion Between the Extremes of other Religions and their followers. Makkah Al Mukaramah, 2011. 165p.
Porterfield A. Religious Pluralism in Religious Studies// Gods in America: Religious Pluralism in the United States/edited by Charles L. Cohen and Ronald L. Numbers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. pp. 21-42.
Whitehead A.N. Process and reality. N.-Y.: Macmillan company, 1967. 546 p.
Solov'ev V. S. Sobranie sochineniy. T. 3. SPb.: Knigoizdatel'skoe Tovarishchestvo «Prosveshchenie», 1912. 440 s.
Yaspers K. Smysl i naznachenie istorii. M.: Politizdat, 1991. 527s.
Kraft J., Basinger D. Religious Tolerance through Humility. Ashgate, 2008. 138p.
Yarkova E.N. Utilitarizm kak impul's dinamiki obshchestva. Kruglyy stol uchenykh.//Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. 1998. №6. S. 51-63.
Teyyar de Sharden P. Fenomen cheloveka: Sb. ocherkov i esse. M.: Progress, 1965. 296s.
Butler P. Foreword: Terrorism and Utilitarianism: Lessons from, and for, Criminal Law// Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 2002. Vol.93. № 1. rp.1-22.
Mill J.S. Nature, the Utility of Religion and Theism. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1874. 138 p.
Paley W. The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2002. 481p.
Basyrov A. Kh. Dzhadidizm: sotsial'no-filosofskiy analiz. Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata filosofskikh nauk. Ufa, 2009. 17c.
Garnak A. Sushchnost' khristianstva: 16 lektsiy. M.: INTRADA, 2001 . 191 s.
Tsit. po: Istoriya i teoriya ateizma: Ucheb. posobie dlya filos. fak. i otd-niy un-tov/MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova; Redkol.: M. P. Novikov (otv. red.) i dr. 3-izd., dorab. M.: «Mysl'», 1987. 475s.
Sm.: Vekhi: sbornik statey o russkoy intelligentsii N.A. Berdyaeva, S.N. Bulgakova, M.O. Gershenzona, A.S. Izgoeva, B.A. Kistyakovskogo, P.B. Struve, S.L. Franka. M.:Izdatel'stvo «Novosti», 1990. 216s.
Kharris S. Konets very. Religiya, terror i budushchee razuma. M.: Eksmo, 2011. 488s.
Kyrlezhev A. Postsekulyarnaya kontseptualizatsiya religii. K postanovke problemy//Gosudarstvo. Religiya. Tserkov'. 2012. №2. S. 52-68.
Fromm E. Psikhoanaliz i religiya.//Sumerki bogov. M.: Politizdat, 1989. s. 143-221.
Klassiki mirovogo religiovedeniya. Antologiya. T.1. M.: Kanon, 1996. 496s.
Vorontsova L.M., Filatov S.B., Furman D.E. Religiya i politika v sovremennom massovom soznanii.//Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 1995. № 11. C. 81–91.
Pelipenko A.A., Yakovenko I.G. Kul'tura kak sistema. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Yazyki russkoy kul'tury», 1998. 376s.
Otto R. Svyashchennoe. Ob irratsional'nom v idee sverkh'estestvennogo i ego sootnoshenii s ratsional'nym. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2008. 274s.
Solov'ev V. S. Soch. v 2-kh t. T. 2. Chteniya o Bogochelovechestve. Filosofskaya publitsistika. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Pravda», 1989. 735s.
Yablokov N. Osnovy teoreticheskogo religiovedeniya. M.: Kosmopolis, 1994. 224s.
Men' A. V. Mirovaya dukhovnaya kul'tura. Lektsii.//http://www.lib.ru/HRISTIAN/MEN/kultura.txt_with-big-pictures.html.
Lenin V.I. Sotsializm i religiya// Sbornik proizvedeniy V.I. Lenina. M.: Politizdat, 1981. 384s.
Arun J. Religion as Culture: Anthropological Critique of de Nobili’s Approach to Religion and Culture//Interculturation of Religion. Critical Perspectives on Robert de Nobili’s Mission in India. Bangalore: Asian Trading Corporation, 2007. p.19-41.
Larin Yu.V. Problema sootnosheniya religii i kul'tury//Voprosy kul'turologii. 2015. № 3. S. 28-32.
Khantington S. Stolknovenie tsivilizatsiy. M.: OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST», 2003. 603 c.; Ali T. The Clash of Fundamentalism: Crusade, Jihads and Modernity. London: Verso, 2002. 344 p.; Khitchens K. Bog ne lyubov': Kak religiya vse otravlyaet. M.: Al'pina non-fikshn. 2011. 365s.
Tillikh P. Izbrannoe: Teologiya kul'tury. M.: Yurist, 1995. 479s.
E. B. Rashkovskiy Religiya i kul'tura v sovremennoy Rossii // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. - 2013. - 1. - C. 21 - 25. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1956.2013.01.2.

References (transliteration):
Bulgakov S.N. Dva grada. Issledovanie o prirode obshchestvennykh idealov. SPb. Izdatel'stvo Russkogo Khristianskogo gumanitarnogo instituta, 1997. 589s.
Tillikh P. Tsit. izd. S. 226-235.
Buber M. Dva obraza very. M.: Respublika, 1995. 464s.
E. B. Rashkovskiy Religiya i kul'tura v sovremennoy Rossii // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. - 2013. - 1. - C. 21 - 25. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1956.2013.01.2.
Berdyaev N.A. Smysl tvorchestva (Opyt opravdaniya cheloveka). M.: Izdatel'stvo G.A.Lemana i S.I.Sakharova,1916. 385s.
Bul'tman R. Izbrannoe: Vera i ponimanie. M. «Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya», 2004. 752s.
Bart K. Tserkovnaya dogmatika. T. 2. M.: Bibleysko-bogoslovskiy institut sv. apostola Andreya, 2011. 712 s.
Post Abu Abdurahman Faruq. The Moderate Religion. Clarification of the Moderate, Balanced Religion Between the Extremes of other Religions and their followers. Makkah Al Mukaramah, 2011. 165p.
Porterfield A. Religious Pluralism in Religious Studies// Gods in America: Religious Pluralism in the United States/edited by Charles L. Cohen and Ronald L. Numbers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. pp. 21-42.
Whitehead A.N. Process and reality. N.-Y.: Macmillan company, 1967. 546 p.
Solov'ev V. S. Sobranie sochineniy. T. 3. SPb.: Knigoizdatel'skoe Tovarishchestvo «Prosveshchenie», 1912. 440 s.
Yaspers K. Smysl i naznachenie istorii. M.: Politizdat, 1991. 527s.
Kraft J., Basinger D. Religious Tolerance through Humility. Ashgate, 2008. 138p.
Yarkova E.N. Utilitarizm kak impul's dinamiki obshchestva. Kruglyy stol uchenykh.//Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. 1998. №6. S. 51-63.
Teyyar de Sharden P. Fenomen cheloveka: Sb. ocherkov i esse. M.: Progress, 1965. 296s.
Butler P. Foreword: Terrorism and Utilitarianism: Lessons from, and for, Criminal Law// Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 2002. Vol.93. № 1. rp.1-22.
Mill J.S. Nature, the Utility of Religion and Theism. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1874. 138 p.
Paley W. The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2002. 481p.
Basyrov A. Kh. Dzhadidizm: sotsial'no-filosofskiy analiz. Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata filosofskikh nauk. Ufa, 2009. 17c.
Garnak A. Sushchnost' khristianstva: 16 lektsiy. M.: INTRADA, 2001 . 191 s.
Tsit. po: Istoriya i teoriya ateizma: Ucheb. posobie dlya filos. fak. i otd-niy un-tov/MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova; Redkol.: M. P. Novikov (otv. red.) i dr. 3-izd., dorab. M.: «Mysl'», 1987. 475s.
Sm.: Vekhi: sbornik statey o russkoy intelligentsii N.A. Berdyaeva, S.N. Bulgakova, M.O. Gershenzona, A.S. Izgoeva, B.A. Kistyakovskogo, P.B. Struve, S.L. Franka. M.:Izdatel'stvo «Novosti», 1990. 216s.
Kharris S. Konets very. Religiya, terror i budushchee razuma. M.: Eksmo, 2011. 488s.
Kyrlezhev A. Postsekulyarnaya kontseptualizatsiya religii. K postanovke problemy//Gosudarstvo. Religiya. Tserkov'. 2012. №2. S. 52-68.
Fromm E. Psikhoanaliz i religiya.//Sumerki bogov. M.: Politizdat, 1989. s. 143-221.
Klassiki mirovogo religiovedeniya. Antologiya. T.1. M.: Kanon, 1996. 496s.
Vorontsova L.M., Filatov S.B., Furman D.E. Religiya i politika v sovremennom massovom soznanii.//Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 1995. № 11. C. 81–91.
Pelipenko A.A., Yakovenko I.G. Kul'tura kak sistema. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Yazyki russkoy kul'tury», 1998. 376s.
Otto R. Svyashchennoe. Ob irratsional'nom v idee sverkh'estestvennogo i ego sootnoshenii s ratsional'nym. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2008. 274s.
Solov'ev V. S. Soch. v 2-kh t. T. 2. Chteniya o Bogochelovechestve. Filosofskaya publitsistika. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Pravda», 1989. 735s.
Yablokov N. Osnovy teoreticheskogo religiovedeniya. M.: Kosmopolis, 1994. 224s.
Men' A. V. Mirovaya dukhovnaya kul'tura. Lektsii.//http://www.lib.ru/HRISTIAN/MEN/kultura.txt_with-big-pictures.html.
Lenin V.I. Sotsializm i religiya// Sbornik proizvedeniy V.I. Lenina. M.: Politizdat, 1981. 384s.
Arun J. Religion as Culture: Anthropological Critique of de Nobili’s Approach to Religion and Culture//Interculturation of Religion. Critical Perspectives on Robert de Nobili’s Mission in India. Bangalore: Asian Trading Corporation, 2007. p.19-41.
Larin Yu.V. Problema sootnosheniya religii i kul'tury//Voprosy kul'turologii. 2015. № 3. S. 28-32.
Khantington S. Stolknovenie tsivilizatsiy. M.: OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST», 2003. 603 c.; Ali T. The Clash of Fundamentalism: Crusade, Jihads and Modernity. London: Verso, 2002. 344 p.; Khitchens K. Bog ne lyubov': Kak religiya vse otravlyaet. M.: Al'pina non-fikshn. 2011. 365s.
Tillikh P. Izbrannoe: Teologiya kul'tury. M.: Yurist, 1995. 479s.
E. B. Rashkovskiy Religiya i kul'tura v sovremennoy Rossii // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. - 2013. - 1. - C. 21 - 25. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1956.2013.01.2.

Аннотация: The purpose of the article is to trace back peculiarities of the concept of mana based on the historical references created as a result of development of the anthropology of religion in the XIXth - XXth centuries and to describe specific features of this phenomenon thereupon. For this purpose, Bychenkova suggests that the following tasks should be solved: to define mana as the primitive religious concept, to describe the role of mana in the development of the relationship between magic and religion and to consider the possibility to classify the belief in mana as the 'minimum religion'. The thematic justification is determined by the significance of identifying primitive concepts and beliefs as the primary religious systems as well as the importance of interpreting the belief in mana from the point of view of the anthropology of religion. The subject of the research is the analysis of preanimistic beliefs in the anthropology of religion. Methodological basis of the research. In her research Bychenkova has used general scientific methods such as systems approach, dialectics, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, extrapolation, modelling, analogy, induction and deduction; methods of religious research such as causal analysis, historicism (genetic approach and comparative historical research), typological method, phenomenological method, hermeneutical method and structure-function analysis. The scientific novelty of the article is caused by the following: the author 1) has summarized different kinds of preanimistic beliefs found in literature as well as their names in different cultures; 2) has described the archetype of impersonal foce in the Ancient World beliefs; 3) has described the archetypes of mana in folk religions and artwork; 4) has offered the Russian translation of extracts from such works as Codrington Robert H. The Melanesians: Studies in Their Anthropology and Folk-lore; Durkheim E. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life; Jones William. The Algonkin Manitou; McGee W. J. (William John). The Siouan Indians; Marett R. R. Anthropology; Radin Paul. Religion of the North American Indians. The conclusion of the research is that belief in impersonal force spread all over the world can be viewed as one of the historically initial forms religious beliefs. Developed religions do not completely overcome the concept of impersonal force but involve it as one of the components of a new, more complicated system of beliefs. The facts provided in the course of the analysis prove that ancient beliefs in impersonal force are still present in the form of archetype in later religions, thus defining many important components of mythological and religious consсience and even public conscience in general.  

Ключевые слова: anthropology of religion, primitive beliefs, minimum religion, mana, impersonal force, North American Indians, animatism, magic, taboo, preanimatism

Библиография:
Spens L. Mify severoamerikanskikh indeytsev. M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2006. 336 s.
Tokarev S. A. Religiya v istorii narodov mira. M.: Politizdat, 1986. 576 s.
Tokarev S. A. Rannie formy religii. M.: Politizdat, 1990. 622 s.
Codrington Robert H. The Melanesians: Studies in Their Anthropology and Folk-lore. Oxford: Clarendon, 1891. 419 s.
Petrukhin V., Polinskaya M. O kategorii «sverkh'estestvennogo» v pervobytnoy kul'ture // Istoriko-etnograficheskie issledovaniya po fol'kloru. M.: Vostoyanaya literatura RAN, 1994. 276 s.
Marett R.R. Anthropology. London: Willings & Norgate, 192. 253 p.
Puti obreteniya bessmertiya: Daosizm v perevodakh i issledovaniyakh E.A. Torchinova. SPb.: Azbuka-klassika: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie, 2007. 608 s.
Marett R. Formula tabu-mana kak minimum opredeleniya religii // Mistika. Religiya. Nauka: Klassiki mirovogo religiovedeniya: Antologiya / Per. s angl., nem., fr.; Sost. i obshch. red. A.N. Krasnikova. M.: Kanon+; ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2011. 496 s. (Istoriya filosofii v pamyatnikakh).
Kassirer E. Filosofiya simvolicheskikh form: V 2 t. T. 2. M.: Universitetskaya kniga, 2001. 280 s.
Zederblom N. Stanovlenie very v Boga // Mistika. Religiya. Nauka: Klassiki mirovogo religiovedeniya: Antologiya / Per. s angl., nem., fr.; Sost. i obshch. red. A.N. Krasnikova. M.: Kanon+; ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2011. 496 s. (Istoriya filosofii v pamyatnikakh).
Malinovskiy B. Magiya. Nauka. Religiya. M.: Refl-buk, 1998. 304 s.
Durkheim E. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. New York: The Free Press, 1965. 213 p.
Aron R. Etapy razvitiya sotsiologicheskoy mysli. M.: Progress, 1993. 608 s.
Levi-Stros Klod. Strukturnaya antropologiya. M.: EKSMO-Press, 2001. 512 s.
Yablokov I.N. Religiovedenie. M.: Gardariki, 2000. 317 s.
Eliade Mirche. Ocherki sravnitel'nogo religiovedeniya. M.: Ladomir, 1999. 488 s.
Kabo V. Proiskhozhdenie religii: istoriya problemy. Kanberra: Alcheringa, 2002. 149 s.
Tokarev S.A. Istoriya zarubezhnoy etnografii. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1978. 352 s

References (transliteration):
Spens L. Mify severoamerikanskikh indeytsev. M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2006. 336 s.
Tokarev S. A. Religiya v istorii narodov mira. M.: Politizdat, 1986. 576 s.
Tokarev S. A. Rannie formy religii. M.: Politizdat, 1990. 622 s.
Codrington Robert H. The Melanesians: Studies in Their Anthropology and Folk-lore. Oxford: Clarendon, 1891. 419 s.
Petrukhin V., Polinskaya M. O kategorii «sverkh'estestvennogo» v pervobytnoy kul'ture // Istoriko-etnograficheskie issledovaniya po fol'kloru. M.: Vostoyanaya literatura RAN, 1994. 276 s.
Marett R.R. Anthropology. London: Willings & Norgate, 192. 253 p.
Puti obreteniya bessmertiya: Daosizm v perevodakh i issledovaniyakh E.A. Torchinova. SPb.: Azbuka-klassika: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie, 2007. 608 s.
Marett R. Formula tabu-mana kak minimum opredeleniya religii // Mistika. Religiya. Nauka: Klassiki mirovogo religiovedeniya: Antologiya / Per. s angl., nem., fr.; Sost. i obshch. red. A.N. Krasnikova. M.: Kanon+; ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2011. 496 s. (Istoriya filosofii v pamyatnikakh).
Kassirer E. Filosofiya simvolicheskikh form: V 2 t. T. 2. M.: Universitetskaya kniga, 2001. 280 s.
Zederblom N. Stanovlenie very v Boga // Mistika. Religiya. Nauka: Klassiki mirovogo religiovedeniya: Antologiya / Per. s angl., nem., fr.; Sost. i obshch. red. A.N. Krasnikova. M.: Kanon+; ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2011. 496 s. (Istoriya filosofii v pamyatnikakh).
Malinovskiy B. Magiya. Nauka. Religiya. M.: Refl-buk, 1998. 304 s.
Durkheim E. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. New York: The Free Press, 1965. 213 p.
Aron R. Etapy razvitiya sotsiologicheskoy mysli. M.: Progress, 1993. 608 s.
Levi-Stros Klod. Strukturnaya antropologiya. M.: EKSMO-Press, 2001. 512 s.
Yablokov I.N. Religiovedenie. M.: Gardariki, 2000. 317 s.
Eliade Mirche. Ocherki sravnitel'nogo religiovedeniya. M.: Ladomir, 1999. 488 s.
Kabo V. Proiskhozhdenie religii: istoriya problemy. Kanberra: Alcheringa, 2002. 149 s.
Tokarev S.A. Istoriya zarubezhnoy etnografii. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1978. 352 s

Аннотация: In the 17th century memorials of other confessions made a great impact on the development of Orthodox book-publishing in Rzeczpospolita and Moscovia and were one of the factors of the development of confessional identity of Orthodox Christians. The influence of Protestantism that prevailed at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries was replaced with the impact of Roman Catholic theology by the middle of the 17th century brought to Mosow by Kiev orthodox intellectuals and books. Orthodox bookmen adapted texts of other confessions to Orthodox tradition and used numerous editing methods and techniques. These methods are analyzed by the author of the article using the example of 'The Large Catechism' published by an activist of the 'brotherly movement' in Rzeczpospolita Lavrentiy Zizaniy Tustanovskiy (Moscow, 1627), 'Man's Peace with God' by an archmandrite of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra Innokenty Gizel (Kiev, 1669) and 'The Crown of Faith' by a Belorusian theologist Symeon Polotsky. The methodological basis of the research involves the confessionalization concept (Konfessionalisierung) introduced by the German historical school (E.W. Zeeden, H. Schilling) and the concept of 'polymorphous' Orthodox culture of the late 16th - early 18th centuries offered by an Italian researcher Giovanna Brogi Bercoff. The author of the article also emphasizes the influence of 'external', i.e. non-Orthodox memorials on the development of Orthodox confessional identity of the 17th century. However, the author refers to the identity that can be reconstructed based on the analysis of the memorials of Orthodox book-publishing. According to the author, the fact that 'external' non-Orthodox sources were widely used can be a proof that Kiev (to a greater extent) and Moscow (to a lesser extent) Orthodox Christians of the 17th century were at the stage of searching for their confessional image and that image was finally developed as a result of the creative dialogue between Orthodoxy and other confessions. 

Ключевые слова: Lavrentiy Zizaniy Tustanovskiy, Rzeczpospolita, Russia, borrowings from other confessions, Orthodox books, confessionalization, Innokenty Gizel, Symeon Polotsky, Evfimiy Chudovskiy, confessional identity

Библиография:
Bulychev A.A. Istoriya odnoy politicheskoy kampanii XVII veka. Zakonodatel'nye akty vtoroy poloviny 1620-kh godov o zaprete svobodnogo rasprostraneniya «litovskikh» pechatnykh i rukopisnykh knig v Rossii. M., 2004.
Voznyak M.S. Prichinki do studiy nad pisannyami Lavrentiya Zizaniya // ZNTSh. T. 83. 1908. S. 31–88.
Dovga L. Sistema tsinnostey v ukraïns'kiy kul'turi XVII stolittya (na prikladi teoretichnoï spadshchini Inokentiya Ґizelya). Kiïv; L'viv, 2012.
Katekhizis', albo vyznanie very svyatoe sobornoe, apostol'skoe, v'skhodnee tserkvi // ChIONL. 1890. Kn. 4. Prilozheniya. S. 1–81.
Kiseleva M.S. Intellektual'nyy vybor Rossii vtoroy poloviny XVII – nachala XVIII veka: ot drevnerusskoy knizhnosti k evropeyskoy uchenosti. M., 2011.
Korzo M.A. «Mir z Bogom choloviku» Inokentiya Ґizelya u konteksti katolits'koï moral'noï teologiï kintsya XVI – pershoï polovini XVII st. // Inokentiy Ґizel'. Vibrani tvori u 3-kh tomakh. T. III. Kiïv; L'viv, 2010. S. 195–262.
Korzo M.A. O nekotorykh izdaniyakh Kievskoy mitropolii v rukopisnom nasledii Evfimiya Chudovskogo // Slavyanovedenie. 2014. № 2. S. 88–98.
Korzo M.A. Nravstvennoe bogoslovie Simeona Polotskogo: osvoenie katolicheskoy traditsii moskovskimi knizhnikami vtoroy poloviny XVII veka. M., 2011.
Korzo M.A. Ukrainskaya i belorusskaya katekheticheskaya traditsiya kontsa XVI – XVIII vv.: stanovlenie, evolyutsiya i problema zaimstvovaniy. M., 2007.
Lebedev A.P. Istoriya Greko-Vostochnoy Tserkvi pod vlast'yu turok. Ot padeniya Konstantinopolya (1453) do nastoyashchego vremeni. T. 2. Sergiev Posad, 1901.
Makariy (Bulgakov). Istoriya Russkoy Tserkvi. Kn. VI. M., 1996.
Petr Mogila. Pravoslavnoe ispovedanie very. M., 1696.
Osten'. Pamyatnik russkoy dukhovnoy pis'mennosti XVII v. Kazan', 1865.
Prenie Litovskago protopopa Lavrentiya Zizaniya s igumenom Ilieyu i spravshchikom Grigoriem po povodu ispravleniya sostavlennago Lavrentiem katekhizisa // Letopisi russkoy literatury i drevnostey, izdavaemye N. S. Tikhomirovym. T. II. Otd. II. M., 1859. S. 80–99.
Sutorius K.V. Istochniki po istorii prepodavaniya pravoslavnogo latinoyazychnogo bogosloviya v Rossii v pervoy polovine XVIII v. Dis. kand.ist. nauk. SPb., 2008.
Florovskiy G. Puti russkogo bogosloviya. Bryussel', 1982.
Chuba G. Ukraïns'ki rukopisni uchitel'ni Єvangeliya. Doslidzhennya, katalog, opisi. Kiïv; L'viv, 2011.
Єpiskop Inokentiy Vinnits'kiy. Katikhisis abo barokoviy dushpastirs'kiy sad / Suprovidni statti y uporyadkuvannya Volodimira i Denisa Pilipovichiv. Peremishl', 2007.
Bercoff G.B. Ruś, Ukraina, Ruthenia, Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie, Rzeczpospolita, Moskwa, Rosja, Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia: o wielowarstwowości i polifunkcjonalizmie kulturowym // Contributi italiani al XIII congress internacionale degli slavisti / Ed. Al. Alberti. Pisa, 2003. P. 325–387.
Greniuk Fr. Teologia Moralna w swej przeszłości. Sandomierz, 2006.
Hodana T. Między królem a carem. Kraków, 2008.
Korzo M.A. Die Union von Brest und die katechetische Literatur // Ostkirchliche Studien. Bd. 56. Heft. 2. 2007. S. 343–360.
Korzo M.A. Polski przekład katechizmu Jakuba Ledesmy TJ i jego wpływ na tradycję unicką w XVII w. // Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce. T. XLVIII. 2004. S. 149–159.
Korzo M.A. W sprawie jednego z XVI-wiecznych katechizmów kalwińskich w Rzeczpospolitej // Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce. T. LI. 2007. S. 177–198.
Kriegseisen W. Stosunki wyznaniowe w relacjach państwo – kościół między reformacją a oświeceniem (Rzesza Niemiecka – Niderlandy Północne – Rzeczpospolita polsko-litewska). Warszawa, 2010.
Melnyk M. Spór o zbawienie. Zagadnienia soteriologiczne w świetle prawosławnyc projektów unijnych powstałych w Rzeczypospolitej (koniec XVI – połowa XVII wieku). Olsztyn, 2001.
Moritz A., Müller H.-J., Pohlig M. Konfesjonalizacja Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej w XVII i XVIII wieku? // Kwartalnik Historyczny. R. CVIII. 2001. № 1. S. 37–46.
Niedźwiedź J. Kultura literacta Wilna (1323–1655). Retoryczna organizacja miasta. Kraków, 2012.

References (transliteration):
Bulychev A.A. Istoriya odnoy politicheskoy kampanii XVII veka. Zakonodatel'nye akty vtoroy poloviny 1620-kh godov o zaprete svobodnogo rasprostraneniya «litovskikh» pechatnykh i rukopisnykh knig v Rossii. M., 2004.
Voznyak M.S. Prichinki do studiy nad pisannyami Lavrentiya Zizaniya // ZNTSh. T. 83. 1908. S. 31–88.
Dovga L. Sistema tsinnostey v ukraïns'kiy kul'turi XVII stolittya (na prikladi teoretichnoï spadshchini Inokentiya Ґizelya). Kiïv; L'viv, 2012.
Katekhizis', albo vyznanie very svyatoe sobornoe, apostol'skoe, v'skhodnee tserkvi // ChIONL. 1890. Kn. 4. Prilozheniya. S. 1–81.
Kiseleva M.S. Intellektual'nyy vybor Rossii vtoroy poloviny XVII – nachala XVIII veka: ot drevnerusskoy knizhnosti k evropeyskoy uchenosti. M., 2011.
Korzo M.A. «Mir z Bogom choloviku» Inokentiya Ґizelya u konteksti katolits'koï moral'noï teologiï kintsya XVI – pershoï polovini XVII st. // Inokentiy Ґizel'. Vibrani tvori u 3-kh tomakh. T. III. Kiïv; L'viv, 2010. S. 195–262.
Korzo M.A. O nekotorykh izdaniyakh Kievskoy mitropolii v rukopisnom nasledii Evfimiya Chudovskogo // Slavyanovedenie. 2014. № 2. S. 88–98.
Korzo M.A. Nravstvennoe bogoslovie Simeona Polotskogo: osvoenie katolicheskoy traditsii moskovskimi knizhnikami vtoroy poloviny XVII veka. M., 2011.
Korzo M.A. Ukrainskaya i belorusskaya katekheticheskaya traditsiya kontsa XVI – XVIII vv.: stanovlenie, evolyutsiya i problema zaimstvovaniy. M., 2007.
Lebedev A.P. Istoriya Greko-Vostochnoy Tserkvi pod vlast'yu turok. Ot padeniya Konstantinopolya (1453) do nastoyashchego vremeni. T. 2. Sergiev Posad, 1901.
Makariy (Bulgakov). Istoriya Russkoy Tserkvi. Kn. VI. M., 1996.
Petr Mogila. Pravoslavnoe ispovedanie very. M., 1696.
Osten'. Pamyatnik russkoy dukhovnoy pis'mennosti XVII v. Kazan', 1865.
Prenie Litovskago protopopa Lavrentiya Zizaniya s igumenom Ilieyu i spravshchikom Grigoriem po povodu ispravleniya sostavlennago Lavrentiem katekhizisa // Letopisi russkoy literatury i drevnostey, izdavaemye N. S. Tikhomirovym. T. II. Otd. II. M., 1859. S. 80–99.
Sutorius K.V. Istochniki po istorii prepodavaniya pravoslavnogo latinoyazychnogo bogosloviya v Rossii v pervoy polovine XVIII v. Dis. kand.ist. nauk. SPb., 2008.
Florovskiy G. Puti russkogo bogosloviya. Bryussel', 1982.
Chuba G. Ukraïns'ki rukopisni uchitel'ni Єvangeliya. Doslidzhennya, katalog, opisi. Kiïv; L'viv, 2011.
Єpiskop Inokentiy Vinnits'kiy. Katikhisis abo barokoviy dushpastirs'kiy sad / Suprovidni statti y uporyadkuvannya Volodimira i Denisa Pilipovichiv. Peremishl', 2007.
Bercoff G.B. Ruś, Ukraina, Ruthenia, Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie, Rzeczpospolita, Moskwa, Rosja, Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia: o wielowarstwowości i polifunkcjonalizmie kulturowym // Contributi italiani al XIII congress internacionale degli slavisti / Ed. Al. Alberti. Pisa, 2003. P. 325–387.
Greniuk Fr. Teologia Moralna w swej przeszłości. Sandomierz, 2006.
Hodana T. Między królem a carem. Kraków, 2008.
Korzo M.A. Die Union von Brest und die katechetische Literatur // Ostkirchliche Studien. Bd. 56. Heft. 2. 2007. S. 343–360.
Korzo M.A. Polski przekład katechizmu Jakuba Ledesmy TJ i jego wpływ na tradycję unicką w XVII w. // Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce. T. XLVIII. 2004. S. 149–159.
Korzo M.A. W sprawie jednego z XVI-wiecznych katechizmów kalwińskich w Rzeczpospolitej // Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce. T. LI. 2007. S. 177–198.
Kriegseisen W. Stosunki wyznaniowe w relacjach państwo – kościół między reformacją a oświeceniem (Rzesza Niemiecka – Niderlandy Północne – Rzeczpospolita polsko-litewska). Warszawa, 2010.
Melnyk M. Spór o zbawienie. Zagadnienia soteriologiczne w świetle prawosławnyc projektów unijnych powstałych w Rzeczypospolitej (koniec XVI – połowa XVII wieku). Olsztyn, 2001.
Moritz A., Müller H.-J., Pohlig M. Konfesjonalizacja Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej w XVII i XVIII wieku? // Kwartalnik Historyczny. R. CVIII. 2001. № 1. S. 37–46.
Niedźwiedź J. Kultura literacta Wilna (1323–1655). Retoryczna organizacja miasta. Kraków, 2012.

Аннотация: In her article Trofimova examines the problems of humanim and religion on the pages of the American 'Religious Humanism' Journal. In her research Trofimova focuses on the 1970 - 1980s of the XXth century because it was the time when liberal religious views of different theologists and secular philosophers of the late XIXth - early XXth centuries revived and were revised. Those views covered such issues as the essence and nature of religion, human and the meaning of his existence, the relationship between humanism and religion, the place of religion in the changing world and so on. This article is the first one in the academic literature to analyze the main philosophical and theological theoretical issues raised by theologists with different views and beliefs on the pages of the journal. The articles published in the journal reflect the two tendencies in the development of religious-humanistic theories: the attempt to create a 'new' religion of the humanity that would interwine religious concepts and humanistic ideas, on the one hand, and the commitment to traditional religious beliefs. The results of the analysis of the ideas of modern religious humanists demonstrate the heterogeneity of philosophical and religious movements in the USA. 

Ключевые слова: religion without God, atheism, morals, secular humanism, religious humanism, Unitarianism, humanism, religion, religion in the USA, secular

Библиография:
Samson P. Can Humanism be Religious // Religious Humanism. 1979. №1.
Reese C. Social Action and Liberal Religious Organizations // Religious Humanism. 1982. №1.
Lamont C. The Philosophy of Humanism. N.Y., 1936.
Kurtz P. Religion and Secularization in Europe and America // International Humanism. 1989. №3.
Kurtz P. Defending Humanism against its Fundamentalist Critics // Religious Humanism. 1982. №3.
Kennedy B.E. Foundations of the Future // Religious Humanism. 1981. №4.
Humanist Sermons. Ed. By C.W. Reese. N.Y., 1910.
Kelly D. Why Conservative Churches are Growing: A Study in Sociology of Religion. N.Y.: Harper & Row, 1972.
Hudson W. The Future of Religion // Religious Humanism. 1980. №2.
Hubbel C.J. A Communication Religious Humanism: what is differentiated // Religious Humanism. 1976. №2.
Herrick J. Humanism. An Introduction. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2004.
Hemstreet R. On being Religious Humanistically // Religious Humanism. 1981. № 1.
Editorial // Religious Humanism. 1985. №2.
Green R.E. “Moral Majority”. Misconceptions of Humanism. // Religious Humanist. 1982. №1.
Beattie P.H. Prospect of Humanism // Religious Humanism. 1979. №3.
Awercamp D.R. Religion in Pluralistic Age // Religious Humanism. 1977. №2.
Arnold C.H. Who was the “Father” of Religious Humanism // Religious Humanism. 1978. №2.
A Humanist Manifesto I (1933) in Kurtz P. American Philosophy in the 20th Century. N.Y.: MacMillan, 1966.
Adler F. An Ethical Philosophy of Life. N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, 1918.
A Declaration of Independence: A New Global Ethics // Free Inquiry. 1988. №4.
Trofimova Z.P. Svobodomyslie i religiya v anglo-amerikanskoy filosofii XX veka. M.: Maks-Press, 2013.
Kurtts P. Muzhestvo stat'. Dobrodeteli gumanizma. M.: Rossiyskoe gumanisticheskoe obshchestvo, 2000.
Karimskiy A.M. Problema gumanizma v sovremennoy amerikanskoy filosofii. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1978.
Ginsburg V.L. Ob ateizme, religii i svetskom gumanizme. M.: Rossiyskoe gumanisticheskoe obshchestvo, 2008.
William D. A Celebration of Humanism and Freethought. N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1995.
Wine S.T. If Humanism is a Religion // Religious Humanist. 1979. №3.

References (transliteration):
Samson P. Can Humanism be Religious // Religious Humanism. 1979. №1.
Reese C. Social Action and Liberal Religious Organizations // Religious Humanism. 1982. №1.
Lamont C. The Philosophy of Humanism. N.Y., 1936.
Kurtz P. Religion and Secularization in Europe and America // International Humanism. 1989. №3.
Kurtz P. Defending Humanism against its Fundamentalist Critics // Religious Humanism. 1982. №3.
Kennedy B.E. Foundations of the Future // Religious Humanism. 1981. №4.
Humanist Sermons. Ed. By C.W. Reese. N.Y., 1910.
Kelly D. Why Conservative Churches are Growing: A Study in Sociology of Religion. N.Y.: Harper & Row, 1972.
Hudson W. The Future of Religion // Religious Humanism. 1980. №2.
Hubbel C.J. A Communication Religious Humanism: what is differentiated // Religious Humanism. 1976. №2.
Herrick J. Humanism. An Introduction. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2004.
Hemstreet R. On being Religious Humanistically // Religious Humanism. 1981. № 1.
Editorial // Religious Humanism. 1985. №2.
Green R.E. “Moral Majority”. Misconceptions of Humanism. // Religious Humanist. 1982. №1.
Beattie P.H. Prospect of Humanism // Religious Humanism. 1979. №3.
Awercamp D.R. Religion in Pluralistic Age // Religious Humanism. 1977. №2.
Arnold C.H. Who was the “Father” of Religious Humanism // Religious Humanism. 1978. №2.
A Humanist Manifesto I (1933) in Kurtz P. American Philosophy in the 20th Century. N.Y.: MacMillan, 1966.
Adler F. An Ethical Philosophy of Life. N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, 1918.
A Declaration of Independence: A New Global Ethics // Free Inquiry. 1988. №4.
Trofimova Z.P. Svobodomyslie i religiya v anglo-amerikanskoy filosofii XX veka. M.: Maks-Press, 2013.
Kurtts P. Muzhestvo stat'. Dobrodeteli gumanizma. M.: Rossiyskoe gumanisticheskoe obshchestvo, 2000.
Karimskiy A.M. Problema gumanizma v sovremennoy amerikanskoy filosofii. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1978.
Ginsburg V.L. Ob ateizme, religii i svetskom gumanizme. M.: Rossiyskoe gumanisticheskoe obshchestvo, 2008.
William D. A Celebration of Humanism and Freethought. N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1995.
Wine S.T. If Humanism is a Religion // Religious Humanist. 1979. №3.

Аннотация: The subject of the present article is the thesis on ‘naturality’ of religion offered by cognitive religious studies. The main idea is that religion is a resulting function of ordinary cognitive processes and therefore exists at the two parallel levels of conceptualization of religious concepts. The first level is presented by complex and abstract notions relevant to doctrinal formulas of particular religious traditions while the second level consists of simple and ‘incorrect’ (from the doctrinal point of view) notions expressing natural tendencies of our thinking and constituting ‘natural religion’. Analyzing the formation and development of the concept of ‘natural religiosity’ in cognitive religious studies, the authors define the methodological and heuristic potential of the concept and offer a definition of ‘natural religion’ from the point of view of cognitive paradigm. Introduction of the concept of ‘natural religiosity’ reveals new opportunities for experimental researches of the processes of formation and transformation of religious notions and allows to deal with the question about the relation between religious and atheistic world views at a new level. The idea of ‘natural religion’ also seems to be quite useful. It is used as an important heuristic instrument in comparative researches describing the phenomenon of ‘people’s’ religion and explaining digressions from the official teaching of this or that religious tradition.

Ключевые слова: cognitive religious studies, natural religion, religiosity, intuitive ontology, genesis of religious concepts, counter intuitivity, theological inaccuracy, super-natural concepts, anthropomorphism, agent.

Библиография:
Anofriev I. S. Ponyatie «kontrintuitivnost'» v kognitivnom religiovedenii // Tochki / Puncta. 2012. №1-4/14. S. 155-158.
Kostylev P. N. Religiovedcheskoe issledovanie v epokhu informatsionnykh tekhnologiy: na primere kognitivnoy teorii religii // Religioznost' v izmenyayushchemsya mire: sb. materialov I Mezhdunar. zimney religiovedcheskoy shkoly, Volgograd, 2008. Volgograd: VolGU, 2008. S. 71-78.
Lakoff Dzh. Zhenshchiny, ogon' i opasnye veshchi: Chto kategorii yazyka govoryat nam o myshlenii. M.: Gnozis, 2011.
Malevich T. V. Kognitivnye determinanty «estestvennoy religii» v kontseptsii Dzhastina Barretta // Chelovek i religiya: materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., Minsk, 2013. Minsk: Chetyre chetverti, 2013. S. 310-315.
Malevich T. V. Ponyatie «estestvennaya religiya» v kognitivnom religiovedenii // Vіsnik Kiїvs'kogo natsіonal'nogo unіversitetu іm. Tarasa Shevchenka. Fіlosofіya. Polіtologіya. 2012. № 110. S. 48-49.
Markov A. V. Religiya: poleznaya adaptatsiya, pobochnyy produkt evolyutsii ili «virus mozga»? // Istoricheskaya psikhologiya i sotsiologiya istorii. 2009. T. 2/1. S. 45-56.
Pyusiaynen I. Buddizm, religiya i ponyatie «Bog» // Religiovedcheskie issledovaniya. 2012. №7-8. S. 137-154.
Sergienko R. A. Kognitivnoe religiovedenie o kul'turnoy estestvennosti religioznykh form mirovozzreniya // Dukhovnaya sfera zhizni obshchestva: problemy teorii i praktiki: Materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. Stavropol', 2011. S. 493-499.
Sergienko R. A. «Problema Mikki Mausa» i «problema Zevsa» v sovremennom kognitivnom religiovedenii // Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2011. №4/48. S. 236-241.
Shakhnovich M. Kognitivnaya nauka i issledovaniya religii // Gosudarstvo, religiya i Tserkov' v Rossii i za rubezhom. 2013. №3/31. S. 32-62.
Barrett J. L. Cognitive Constraints on Hindu Concepts of the Divine // Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 1998. Vol. 37/4. P. 608-619.
Barrett J. L. Cognitive Science of Religion: Looking Back, Looking Forward // Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 2011. Vol. 50/2. P. 229-239.
Barrett J. L. Cognitive Science, Religion, and Theology: From Human Minds to Divine Minds. West Conshohocken: Templeton Press, 2011.
Barrett J. L. Exploring the Natural Foundations of Religion // Trends in Cognitive Science. 2000. Vol. 4/1. P. 29-34.
Barrett J. L. The Naturalness of Religious Concepts: An Emerging Cognitive Science of Religion // New Approaches to the Study of Religion / Ed. by P. Antes et al. Vol. 2. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2004. P. 401-418.
Barrett J. L. Theological Correctness: Cognitive Constraint and the Study of Religion // Method & Theory in the Study of Religion. 1999. Vol. 11. P. 325-339.
Barrett J. L. Why Santa Claus is Not a God // Journal of Cognition and Culture. 2008. Vol. 8. P. 149-161.
Barrett J. L. Why Would Anyone Believe in God? Lanham: Alta Mira Press, 2004.
Barrett J. L., Keil F. Conceptualizing a Nonnatural Entity: Anthropomorphism in God Concepts // Cognitive Psychology. 1996. Vol. 31. P. 219-247.
Barrett J. L., Johnson A. H. The Role of Control in Attributing Intentional Agency to Inanimate Objects // Journal of Cognition and Culture 2003. Vol. 3/3. P. 208-217.
Boyer P. Cognitive Constraints on Cultural Representations: Natural Ontologies and Religious Ideas // Mapping the Mind: Domain Specificity in Cognition and Culture / Ed. by L. A. Hirschfeld, S. A. Gelman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P. 391-411.
Boyer P. Evolution of the Modern Mind and the Origins of Culture: Religious Concepts as a Limiting-Case // Evolution and the Human Mind: Modularity, Language and Meta-Cognition / Ed. by P. Carruthers, A. Chamberlain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. P. 93-112.
Boyer P. The Naturalness of Religious Ideas: A Cognitive Theory of Religion. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
Boyer P. Religious Ontologies and the Bounds of Sense: A Cognitive Catalogue of the Supernatural [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL: http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/courses01/rrtw/Boyer.htm (data obrashcheniya: 14.07.14)
Boyer P. Religious Thought and Behaviour as By-products of Brain Function // Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2003. Vol. 7/3. P. 119-124.
Boyer P. What Makes Anthropomorphism Natural: Intuitive Ontology and Cultural Representations // The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 1996. Vol. 2/1. P. 83-97.
Boyer P., Ramble C. Cognitive Templates for Religious Concepts: Cross-Cultural Evidence for Recall of Counter-Intuitive Representations // Cognitive Science. 2001. Vol. 25. P. 535-564.
Byrne P. Natural Religion and the Nature of Religion: The Legacy of Deism. London: Routledge, 2013.
Cohen E., Barrett J. L. Conceptualizing Spirit Possession: Ethnographic and Experimental Evidence // Ethos. 2008. Vol. 26/2. P. 246-267.
d’Aquili E. G., Newberg A. B., The Mystical Mind: Probing the Biology of Religious Experience. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1999.
Gervais W. M., Henrich J. The Zeus Problem: Why Representational Content Biases Cannot Explain Faith in Gods // Journal of Cognition and Culture. 2010. Vol. 10. P. 383-389.
Guthrie S. E. Animal Animism: Evolutionary Roots of Religious Cognition // Current Approaches in the Cognitive Science of Religion / Ed. by I. Pyysiäinen, V. Anttonen. London: Continuum, 2002. P. 38-67.
Guthrie S. E. Why Gods? A Cognitive Theory // Religion in Mind: Cognitive Perspectives on Religious Belief, Ritual, and Experience / Ed. by J. Andresen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. P. 94-101.
Hirschfeld L. A., Gelman S. A. Toward a Topography of Mind: An Introduction to Domain Specificity // Mapping the Mind: Domain Specificity in Cognition and Culture / Ed. by L. A. Hirschfeld, S. A. Gelman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P. 3-35.
Keil F. C. Constraints on Knowledge and Cognitive Development // Psychological Review. 1981. Vol. 88/3. P. 197-227.
Keil F. C. Semantic and Conceptual Development: An Ontological Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979.
Kelemen D. Are Children ‘‘Intuitive Theists’’?: Reasoning About Purpose and Design in Nature // Psychological Science. 2004. Vol. 15/5. P. 295-301.
Lawson E. T. Psychological Perspectives on Agency // Religion in Mind: Cognitive Perspectives on Religious Belief, Ritual, and Experience / Ed. by J. Andresen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. P. 141-172.
McCauley R. N. Why Religion is Natural and Science is Not. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Porubanova-Norquist M. et al. Minimal-Counterintuitiveness Revisited: Effects of Cultural and Ontological Violations on Concept Memorability // Journal for the Cognitive Science of Religion. 2013. Vol. 1/2. P. 181-192.
Richert R. A., Barrett J. L. Do You See What I See? Young Children’s Assumptions about God’s Perceptual Abilities // The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 2005. Vol. 15/4. P. 283-295.
Slone D. J. Theological Incorrectness: Why Religious People Believe What They Shouldn’t. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Sperber D. The Modularity of Thought and the Epidemiology of Representations // Mapping the Mind: Domain Specificity in Cognition and Culture / Ed. by L.A. Hirschfeld, S.A. Gelman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P. 39-67.
Spilka B. et al. A General Attribution Theory for the Psychology of Religion // Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1985. Vol. 24. P. 1-20

References (transliteration):
Anofriev I. S. Ponyatie «kontrintuitivnost'» v kognitivnom religiovedenii // Tochki / Puncta. 2012. №1-4/14. S. 155-158.
Kostylev P. N. Religiovedcheskoe issledovanie v epokhu informatsionnykh tekhnologiy: na primere kognitivnoy teorii religii // Religioznost' v izmenyayushchemsya mire: sb. materialov I Mezhdunar. zimney religiovedcheskoy shkoly, Volgograd, 2008. Volgograd: VolGU, 2008. S. 71-78.
Lakoff Dzh. Zhenshchiny, ogon' i opasnye veshchi: Chto kategorii yazyka govoryat nam o myshlenii. M.: Gnozis, 2011.
Malevich T. V. Kognitivnye determinanty «estestvennoy religii» v kontseptsii Dzhastina Barretta // Chelovek i religiya: materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., Minsk, 2013. Minsk: Chetyre chetverti, 2013. S. 310-315.
Malevich T. V. Ponyatie «estestvennaya religiya» v kognitivnom religiovedenii // Vіsnik Kiїvs'kogo natsіonal'nogo unіversitetu іm. Tarasa Shevchenka. Fіlosofіya. Polіtologіya. 2012. № 110. S. 48-49.
Markov A. V. Religiya: poleznaya adaptatsiya, pobochnyy produkt evolyutsii ili «virus mozga»? // Istoricheskaya psikhologiya i sotsiologiya istorii. 2009. T. 2/1. S. 45-56.
Pyusiaynen I. Buddizm, religiya i ponyatie «Bog» // Religiovedcheskie issledovaniya. 2012. №7-8. S. 137-154.
Sergienko R. A. Kognitivnoe religiovedenie o kul'turnoy estestvennosti religioznykh form mirovozzreniya // Dukhovnaya sfera zhizni obshchestva: problemy teorii i praktiki: Materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. Stavropol', 2011. S. 493-499.
Sergienko R. A. «Problema Mikki Mausa» i «problema Zevsa» v sovremennom kognitivnom religiovedenii // Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2011. №4/48. S. 236-241.
Shakhnovich M. Kognitivnaya nauka i issledovaniya religii // Gosudarstvo, religiya i Tserkov' v Rossii i za rubezhom. 2013. №3/31. S. 32-62.
Barrett J. L. Cognitive Constraints on Hindu Concepts of the Divine // Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 1998. Vol. 37/4. P. 608-619.
Barrett J. L. Cognitive Science of Religion: Looking Back, Looking Forward // Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 2011. Vol. 50/2. P. 229-239.
Barrett J. L. Cognitive Science, Religion, and Theology: From Human Minds to Divine Minds. West Conshohocken: Templeton Press, 2011.
Barrett J. L. Exploring the Natural Foundations of Religion // Trends in Cognitive Science. 2000. Vol. 4/1. P. 29-34.
Barrett J. L. The Naturalness of Religious Concepts: An Emerging Cognitive Science of Religion // New Approaches to the Study of Religion / Ed. by P. Antes et al. Vol. 2. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2004. P. 401-418.
Barrett J. L. Theological Correctness: Cognitive Constraint and the Study of Religion // Method & Theory in the Study of Religion. 1999. Vol. 11. P. 325-339.
Barrett J. L. Why Santa Claus is Not a God // Journal of Cognition and Culture. 2008. Vol. 8. P. 149-161.
Barrett J. L. Why Would Anyone Believe in God? Lanham: Alta Mira Press, 2004.
Barrett J. L., Keil F. Conceptualizing a Nonnatural Entity: Anthropomorphism in God Concepts // Cognitive Psychology. 1996. Vol. 31. P. 219-247.
Barrett J. L., Johnson A. H. The Role of Control in Attributing Intentional Agency to Inanimate Objects // Journal of Cognition and Culture 2003. Vol. 3/3. P. 208-217.
Boyer P. Cognitive Constraints on Cultural Representations: Natural Ontologies and Religious Ideas // Mapping the Mind: Domain Specificity in Cognition and Culture / Ed. by L. A. Hirschfeld, S. A. Gelman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P. 391-411.
Boyer P. Evolution of the Modern Mind and the Origins of Culture: Religious Concepts as a Limiting-Case // Evolution and the Human Mind: Modularity, Language and Meta-Cognition / Ed. by P. Carruthers, A. Chamberlain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. P. 93-112.
Boyer P. The Naturalness of Religious Ideas: A Cognitive Theory of Religion. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
Boyer P. Religious Ontologies and the Bounds of Sense: A Cognitive Catalogue of the Supernatural [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL: http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/courses01/rrtw/Boyer.htm (data obrashcheniya: 14.07.14)
Boyer P. Religious Thought and Behaviour as By-products of Brain Function // Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2003. Vol. 7/3. P. 119-124.
Boyer P. What Makes Anthropomorphism Natural: Intuitive Ontology and Cultural Representations // The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 1996. Vol. 2/1. P. 83-97.
Boyer P., Ramble C. Cognitive Templates for Religious Concepts: Cross-Cultural Evidence for Recall of Counter-Intuitive Representations // Cognitive Science. 2001. Vol. 25. P. 535-564.
Byrne P. Natural Religion and the Nature of Religion: The Legacy of Deism. London: Routledge, 2013.
Cohen E., Barrett J. L. Conceptualizing Spirit Possession: Ethnographic and Experimental Evidence // Ethos. 2008. Vol. 26/2. P. 246-267.
d’Aquili E. G., Newberg A. B., The Mystical Mind: Probing the Biology of Religious Experience. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1999.
Gervais W. M., Henrich J. The Zeus Problem: Why Representational Content Biases Cannot Explain Faith in Gods // Journal of Cognition and Culture. 2010. Vol. 10. P. 383-389.
Guthrie S. E. Animal Animism: Evolutionary Roots of Religious Cognition // Current Approaches in the Cognitive Science of Religion / Ed. by I. Pyysiäinen, V. Anttonen. London: Continuum, 2002. P. 38-67.
Guthrie S. E. Why Gods? A Cognitive Theory // Religion in Mind: Cognitive Perspectives on Religious Belief, Ritual, and Experience / Ed. by J. Andresen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. P. 94-101.
Hirschfeld L. A., Gelman S. A. Toward a Topography of Mind: An Introduction to Domain Specificity // Mapping the Mind: Domain Specificity in Cognition and Culture / Ed. by L. A. Hirschfeld, S. A. Gelman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P. 3-35.
Keil F. C. Constraints on Knowledge and Cognitive Development // Psychological Review. 1981. Vol. 88/3. P. 197-227.
Keil F. C. Semantic and Conceptual Development: An Ontological Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979.
Kelemen D. Are Children ‘‘Intuitive Theists’’?: Reasoning About Purpose and Design in Nature // Psychological Science. 2004. Vol. 15/5. P. 295-301.
Lawson E. T. Psychological Perspectives on Agency // Religion in Mind: Cognitive Perspectives on Religious Belief, Ritual, and Experience / Ed. by J. Andresen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. P. 141-172.
McCauley R. N. Why Religion is Natural and Science is Not. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Porubanova-Norquist M. et al. Minimal-Counterintuitiveness Revisited: Effects of Cultural and Ontological Violations on Concept Memorability // Journal for the Cognitive Science of Religion. 2013. Vol. 1/2. P. 181-192.
Richert R. A., Barrett J. L. Do You See What I See? Young Children’s Assumptions about God’s Perceptual Abilities // The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 2005. Vol. 15/4. P. 283-295.
Slone D. J. Theological Incorrectness: Why Religious People Believe What They Shouldn’t. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Sperber D. The Modularity of Thought and the Epidemiology of Representations // Mapping the Mind: Domain Specificity in Cognition and Culture / Ed. by L.A. Hirschfeld, S.A. Gelman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P. 39-67.
Spilka B. et al. A General Attribution Theory for the Psychology of Religion // Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1985. Vol. 24. P. 1-20

Аннотация: The author of the preset article views Nietzsche’s interpretation of religion, first of all, Christianity, from the point of view of its relation to the central topic of his philosophy, the phenomenon of nihilism. The history of the religious development in Nietzsche’s teachings is rather understudied. The author provides an insight into this aspect of Nietzsche’s teaching from the point of view of the fundamental conflict of ‘life approval’ and ‘life denial’ – ‘Rome and Judea’. In the course of the research the author has described and analyzed Nietzsche’s views on such problems as the genesis and purpose of religion, the essential difference between paganism and Christianity, social and cultural causes and the base for Christianity, relation to Judaism, metaphysical and psychological-anthropological grounds of Christianity, death of God and the situation of nihilism in the Early Modern Period. Nietzsche’s philosophy is shown from the point of view of its systematic interpretation. The main thesis made by the author is that Nietzsche views Christianity genealogically, i.e. not as it is but as a major exponent and accumulator of the ‘metaphysical defect’ of the denial which was distanced from the values of the real life and began to serve the opposite targets.

Ключевые слова: nihilism, religion, Christianity, criticism of Christianity, Jesus, Judaism, death of God, Nietzsche, paganism, reappraisal of values.

Контактная информация: Tsendrovsky Oleg Yurievich, 603005, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Ulianova str. 1.

Библиография:
The New Nietzsche: Contemporary Styles of Interpretation / ed. by D.B. Allison. N.Y.: Dell Publishing Co., 1977.
Kaufmann W. Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974.
Lowith K. Nietzsche's Philosophy of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same. Berkley: University of California Press, 1997.
Fink E. Nietzsche’s Philosophy. L., N.Y.: Continuum, 2003.
Yaspers K. Nitsshe i khristianstvo. M.: Medium, 1994.
Khaydegger M. Chto zovetsya myshleniem? M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2010.
Naumov Yu.V. Religiozno-filosofskie idei naslediya F. Nitsshe i V. Solov'eva (Komparativistskiy analiz). // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011.
C. 114-120. 6. Nitsshe F. Soch.: v 2 t. / Sost. i obshch. red.: K.A. Svas'yana. M.: Mysl', 1996.
Yaspers K. Nitsshe: vvedenie v ponimanie ego filosofstvovaniya. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2003.
Nitsshe F. Volya k vlasti. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2005.
Mochkin A.N. Revolyutsiya «nigilizma» F. Nitsshe i konservativnaya revolyutsiya O. Shpenglera // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. 3. C. 316-324. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.03.5.
Delez Zh. Nitsshe i filosofiya. M.: Ad Marginem, 2003.
Levit K. Ot Gegelya k Nitsshe. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2002.
Markov B. V. Chelovek, gosudarstvo i Bog v filosofii Nitsshe. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2005.

References (transliteration):
The New Nietzsche: Contemporary Styles of Interpretation / ed. by D.B. Allison. N.Y.: Dell Publishing Co., 1977.
Kaufmann W. Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974.
Lowith K. Nietzsche's Philosophy of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same. Berkley: University of California Press, 1997.
Fink E. Nietzsche’s Philosophy. L., N.Y.: Continuum, 2003.
Yaspers K. Nitsshe i khristianstvo. M.: Medium, 1994.
Khaydegger M. Chto zovetsya myshleniem? M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2010.
Naumov Yu.V. Religiozno-filosofskie idei naslediya F. Nitsshe i V. Solov'eva (Komparativistskiy analiz). // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2011.
C. 114-120. 6. Nitsshe F. Soch.: v 2 t. / Sost. i obshch. red.: K.A. Svas'yana. M.: Mysl', 1996.
Yaspers K. Nitsshe: vvedenie v ponimanie ego filosofstvovaniya. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2003.
Nitsshe F. Volya k vlasti. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2005.
Mochkin A.N. Revolyutsiya «nigilizma» F. Nitsshe i konservativnaya revolyutsiya O. Shpenglera // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. 3. C. 316-324. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.03.5.
Delez Zh. Nitsshe i filosofiya. M.: Ad Marginem, 2003.
Levit K. Ot Gegelya k Nitsshe. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2002.
Markov B. V. Chelovek, gosudarstvo i Bog v filosofii Nitsshe. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2005.

Аннотация: The bishop of Alexandria Athanasius the Great was famous only as a theologian but also a successor to the tradition of Apologists who taught Christianity to pagans. All scientists who study the history of Christianity speak highly of St. Athanasius’ activity. The author of the present article studies philosophical grounds of the classification of religious worships and substantiations of polytheism provided in ‘Orations Against Hellenes’ of St. Athanasius the Great. Oratio contra gentes is not only a polemic but also educating work by St. Athanasius. In his speech the theologian tried to find the reason why people estranged from the natural knowledge of God. He believed that the reason was in people’s attraction to sensuality. However, St. Athanasius believed that the moral decay is not only in one’s estrangement from observing spiritual reality but in one’s focus on himself. The author of the present research article shows how St. Athanasius’ views developed from the basic concepts to the classification of diversified forms of the polytheistic cult and myth. Therefore, St. Athanasius can be considered the founder of the philosophy of religion in the history of Christianity.

Ключевые слова: Athanasius the Great, philosophy of religion, paganism, polytheism, pantheism, contra gentes, Christianity, Patristics, Hellenism, school of Alexandria.

Контактная информация: Savrey Valery Yakovlevich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, GSP-1, Lomonosovsky prospect, h. 27, corp. 4.

Библиография:
Afanasiy Velikiy, svt. Tvoreniya. T. 1. M.: Izd. Spaso-Preobrazhenskogo Valaamskogo monastyrya, 1994.
Dmitrevskiy V., svyashch. Aleksandriyskaya shkola. Ocherk iz istorii dukhovnogo prosveshcheniya ot I do nachala V veka po R.Kh. Kazan', 1884.
Dodds E.R. Greki i irratsional'noe. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2000.
Nikanor, arkhiep. Sv. Afanasiy Velikiy, arkhiepiskop Aleksandriyskiy, i ego izbrannye tvoreniya. SPb., 1893.
Skurat K.E. Zolotoy vek svyatootecheskoy pis'mennosti (IV–V vv.). M.: Svyato-Troitskaya lavra, 2003.
Altaner B., Stuiber A. Patrologie. Basel: Herder, 1966.
Athanasius Alexandrinus. Contra gentes / ed. J. P. Migne. PG vol. 25. Paris, 1857.
Quasten J. Patrology. Vol. 3: The Golden Age of Greek Patristic Literature. Utrecht; Antwerpen, 1960.
Rist J.M. Basil’s «Neoplatonism»: Its Background and Nature // Basil of Caesarea: Christian, Humanist, Ascetic / ed. P.J. Fedwick Toronto, 1981. P. 173.
Prat J.-M. Histoire de l’eclectisme alexandrin considere dans sa lutte avec le christianisme. T. 1. Lyon, 1843.
Simone J. Historie de l’ecole d’Alexandrie. Vol. 2. Paris, 1845.
Socrates Scholasticus. Historia Ecclesiastica / ed. J. P. Migne. PG vol. 67. Paris, 1859.

References (transliteration):
Afanasiy Velikiy, svt. Tvoreniya. T. 1. M.: Izd. Spaso-Preobrazhenskogo Valaamskogo monastyrya, 1994.
Dmitrevskiy V., svyashch. Aleksandriyskaya shkola. Ocherk iz istorii dukhovnogo prosveshcheniya ot I do nachala V veka po R.Kh. Kazan', 1884.
Dodds E.R. Greki i irratsional'noe. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2000.
Nikanor, arkhiep. Sv. Afanasiy Velikiy, arkhiepiskop Aleksandriyskiy, i ego izbrannye tvoreniya. SPb., 1893.
Skurat K.E. Zolotoy vek svyatootecheskoy pis'mennosti (IV–V vv.). M.: Svyato-Troitskaya lavra, 2003.
Altaner B., Stuiber A. Patrologie. Basel: Herder, 1966.
Athanasius Alexandrinus. Contra gentes / ed. J. P. Migne. PG vol. 25. Paris, 1857.
Quasten J. Patrology. Vol. 3: The Golden Age of Greek Patristic Literature. Utrecht; Antwerpen, 1960.
Rist J.M. Basil’s «Neoplatonism»: Its Background and Nature // Basil of Caesarea: Christian, Humanist, Ascetic / ed. P.J. Fedwick Toronto, 1981. P. 173.
Prat J.-M. Histoire de l’eclectisme alexandrin considere dans sa lutte avec le christianisme. T. 1. Lyon, 1843.
Simone J. Historie de l’ecole d’Alexandrie. Vol. 2. Paris, 1845.
Socrates Scholasticus. Historia Ecclesiastica / ed. J. P. Migne. PG vol. 67. Paris, 1859.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the main parameters of traditional spirituality in opposition to post-traditional (modernistic and post-modernistic) spirituality. Methods used by the author in his research are based on theological principles of the Traditional School. From this point of view, the author compares the term ‘tradition’ to the term ‘religion’ and formulates the conditional definition of ‘traditional religion’ as well as describes the main features of traditional religion from the point of view of ontology.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, tradition, religion, desacralization, Post-Modernism, sacred, succession, ritual, transcendence, initiation.

Контактная информация: Tovbin Kirill Mikhailovich, 215110, Russia, Smolenskaya obl., Vyazma, ul. Prosveschenia 6-А.

Библиография:
1. Aver'yanov V.V. Traditsiya kak metodologicheskaya problema v otechestvennoy kul'turologii KhKh veka:
Avtoref. diss. … dokt. filos. nauk. M.: GASK, 2012.
2. Aver'yanov V.V. Traditsiya kak preemstvennost' i sluzhenie // Chelovek. 2000. № 2. S. 38–51.
3. Gennep A., van. Obryady perekhoda. Sistematicheskoe izuchenie. M.: Vostochnaya literatura, 1999.
4. Genon R. Krizis sovremennogo mira / per. N.V. Melent'evoy // Genon R. Krizis sovremennogo mira. M.:
Eksmo, 2008. S. 5–140.
5. Genon R. Simvoly svyashchennoy nauki. M.: Belovod'e, 2002.
6. Genon R. Tsarstvo kolichestva i znameniya vremeni // Genon R. Krizis sovremennogo mira. M.: Eksmo,
2008. S. 443–712.
7. De Benua A. Opredelenie Traditsii // Polyus. 2008. № 1. S. 3–5.
8. Dugin A.G. Postfilosofiya. Tri paradigmy v istorii mysli. M.: Evraziyskoe Dvizhenie, 2009.
9. Dugin A.G. Filosofiya politiki. M.: Arktogeya, 2004.
10. Dugin A.G. Filosofiya traditsionalizma. M.: Arktogeya-tsentr, 2002.
11. Evzlin M. Kosmogoniya i ritual. M.: Radiks, 1993.
12. Zil'berman D.B. Traditsiya kak kommunikatsiya: translyatsiya tsennostey; pis'mennost' // Voprosy fi-
losofii. 1996. № 4. S. 95–135.
13. Kayua R. Mif i chelovek. Chelovek i sakral'noe. M.: OGI, 2003.
14. Kiprian (Kern), arkhim. Antropologiya sv. Grigoriya Palamy. M., 1996.
15. Markaryan E.S. Teoriya kul'tury i sovremennaya nauka. M.: Mysl', 1983.
16. Otto R. Svyashchennoe. Ob irratsional'nom v idee bozhestvennogo i ego sootnoshenii s ratsional'nym.
SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGU, 2008.
17. Evola Yu. Chto takoe «metafizicheskaya real'nost'»? // Evola Yu. Abstraktnoe iskusstvo / Red. N.V. Spe-
ranskaya. M.: Evraziyskoe Dvizhenie, 2012. S. 101–111.
18. Eliade M. Svyashchennoe i mirskoe. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1994.
19. Borella J. The secret of the Christian way. N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 2001.
20. Cutsinger J.S. An Open Letter on Tradition // Modern Age. 1994. Vol. 36:3. P. 2–8.
21. Guénon R. Essential Characteristics of Metaphysics // The essential René Guénon: metaphysics, tradition, and
the crisis of modernity / Ed. J. Herlihy. Bloomington: World Wisdom, Inc., 2009. P. 13–232.
22. Guénon R. Perspectives on Initiation / Ed. S.D. Fohr. N.Y: Sophia Perennis, 1946.
23. Nasr S.H., Jahanbegloo R. In search of the sacred: A conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on his life and
thought. Santa Barbara: Praeger, 2010.
24. Quinn W.W., Jr. The Only Tradition. N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1997.
25. Schuon F. General Considerations on Spiritual Functions // Aymard J.-B., Laude P. Frithjof Schuon: life and
teachings. N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 2004. P. 111–150.

References (transliteration):
1. Aver'yanov V.V. Traditsiya kak metodologicheskaya problema v otechestvennoy kul'turologii KhKh veka:
Avtoref. diss. … dokt. filos. nauk. M.: GASK, 2012.
2. Aver'yanov V.V. Traditsiya kak preemstvennost' i sluzhenie // Chelovek. 2000. № 2. S. 38–51.
3. Gennep A., van. Obryady perekhoda. Sistematicheskoe izuchenie. M.: Vostochnaya literatura, 1999.
4. Genon R. Krizis sovremennogo mira / per. N.V. Melent'evoy // Genon R. Krizis sovremennogo mira. M.:
Eksmo, 2008. S. 5–140.
5. Genon R. Simvoly svyashchennoy nauki. M.: Belovod'e, 2002.
6. Genon R. Tsarstvo kolichestva i znameniya vremeni // Genon R. Krizis sovremennogo mira. M.: Eksmo,
2008. S. 443–712.
7. De Benua A. Opredelenie Traditsii // Polyus. 2008. № 1. S. 3–5.
8. Dugin A.G. Postfilosofiya. Tri paradigmy v istorii mysli. M.: Evraziyskoe Dvizhenie, 2009.
9. Dugin A.G. Filosofiya politiki. M.: Arktogeya, 2004.
10. Dugin A.G. Filosofiya traditsionalizma. M.: Arktogeya-tsentr, 2002.
11. Evzlin M. Kosmogoniya i ritual. M.: Radiks, 1993.
12. Zil'berman D.B. Traditsiya kak kommunikatsiya: translyatsiya tsennostey; pis'mennost' // Voprosy fi-
losofii. 1996. № 4. S. 95–135.
13. Kayua R. Mif i chelovek. Chelovek i sakral'noe. M.: OGI, 2003.
14. Kiprian (Kern), arkhim. Antropologiya sv. Grigoriya Palamy. M., 1996.
15. Markaryan E.S. Teoriya kul'tury i sovremennaya nauka. M.: Mysl', 1983.
16. Otto R. Svyashchennoe. Ob irratsional'nom v idee bozhestvennogo i ego sootnoshenii s ratsional'nym.
SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGU, 2008.
17. Evola Yu. Chto takoe «metafizicheskaya real'nost'»? // Evola Yu. Abstraktnoe iskusstvo / Red. N.V. Spe-
ranskaya. M.: Evraziyskoe Dvizhenie, 2012. S. 101–111.
18. Eliade M. Svyashchennoe i mirskoe. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1994.
19. Borella J. The secret of the Christian way. N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 2001.
20. Cutsinger J.S. An Open Letter on Tradition // Modern Age. 1994. Vol. 36:3. P. 2–8.
21. Guénon R. Essential Characteristics of Metaphysics // The essential René Guénon: metaphysics, tradition, and
the crisis of modernity / Ed. J. Herlihy. Bloomington: World Wisdom, Inc., 2009. P. 13–232.
22. Guénon R. Perspectives on Initiation / Ed. S.D. Fohr. N.Y: Sophia Perennis, 1946.
23. Nasr S.H., Jahanbegloo R. In search of the sacred: A conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on his life and
thought. Santa Barbara: Praeger, 2010.
24. Quinn W.W., Jr. The Only Tradition. N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1997.
25. Schuon F. General Considerations on Spiritual Functions // Aymard J.-B., Laude P. Frithjof Schuon: life and
teachings. N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 2004. P. 111–150.

Аннотация: The article is devoted to the influence of ancient philosophy on evolution of the early concept of the trinity offered by Augustine of Hippo (354–430). The early version of Augustine’s trinity doctrine which was in many ways influenced by Neo-Platonism metaphysics had two branches: philosophical anagogy that described gradual elation of soul from the sensible world to the world of the infinite Mind and freshless Truth and ontology of the Trinity that view each item created by God as having the three base characteristics (unity, form, order and etc.). The early version of Augustine’s doctrine of the Trinity was created under the influence of Neo-Platonic metaphysic and psychology and Aristotle logics and the theory of knowledge and speech. Later this concept developed into a mature «psychological theory» of the Trinity. According to that theory, the internal life of the Divine Trinity can be understood similarly with the structure of individual consciousness of human soul or «trinity cogito».

Ключевые слова: Ancient philosophy, religion, Christianity, patristic, theology, trinity doctrine, Neo-Platonism, Aristotelianism, metaphysics, psychology.

Контактная информация: Fokin Aleksey Ruslanovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Vokhonka 14/1, bld. 5, room 409.

Библиография:
Augustin Handbuch / Hrsg. V. H. Drecoll. Tübingen, 2007.
Augustinus-Lexikon / Ed. C. Mayer et al. Basel, 1996–2002.
Ayres L. Augustine and the Trinity. Cambridge, N.Y., 2010.
Barnes M. R. Augustine in Contemporary Trinitarian Theology // Theological Studies 56 (1995). P. 237–250; Idem. Re-reading Augustine’s Theology of the Trinity // The Trinity: An Interdisciplinary Symposium on the Trinity / Ed. S. T. Davis, D. Kendall, G. O’Collins. Oxford, N. Y., 1999. P. 145–176.
Bell D. Esse, Vivere, Intellegere: The Noetic Triad and the Image of God // Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale 52 (1985). P. 5–43.
Boyer Ch. Christianisme et néo-platonisme dans la formation de saint Augustin. Paris, 1920.
Vereshchatskiy P. Plotin i Avgustin v ikh otnoshenii k trinitarnoy probleme // Pravoslavnyy sobesednik, 7–8 (1911). S. 171–197; 9 (1911). S. 305–328.
Cavallera F. Les premières formulas trinitaires de saint Augustin // Bulletin de literature ecclésiastique 31 (1930). P. 97–123.
Cipriani N. Le fonti cristiane della dottrina trinitaria nei primi Dialogi di S. Agostino // Augustinianum 34 (1994). P. 264–312; Idem. La presenza di Mario Vittorino nella riflessione trinitaria di S. Agostino // Augustinianum 42 (2002). P. 261–313.
Du Roy O. L’intelligence de la foi en la Trinité selon saint Augustin. Genèse de sa théologie trinitaire jusqu’en 391. Paris, 1966.
Fattal M. Plotin chez Augustin. Paris, 2006.
Gerber Ch. T. The Spirit of Augustine's Early Theology. Contextualizing Augustine’s Pneumatology. Farnham (Surrey, UK), Burlington (USA), 2012.
Gioia L. Theological Epistemology of Augustine’s “De Trinitate”. Oxford, N. Y., 2008.
Zyablitsev G., diak. Bogoslovie blazhennogo Avgustina i antichnaya filosofiya // Tserkov' i vremya, 1 (1991). S. 65–76.
Hadot P. L’image de la Trinité dans l’âme chez Victorinus et chez saint Augustin // Studia Patristica, 6 (1962). P. 409–442; Idem. Porphyre et Victorinus. Paris, 1968. Vol. I–II.
Huber G. Das Sein und Absolute. Basel, 1955.
Legrand L. La notion philosophique de la Trinité chez saint Augustin. Paris, 1931.
Manchester P. The noetic triad in Plotinus, Marius Victorinus and Augustine // Neoplatonism and Gnosticism / Ed. R. T. Wallis, J. Bregman. Albany, N. Y., 1992. P. 207–222.
Moreskini K. Istoriya patristicheskoy filosofii. M., 2011.
Nozdrin V. V. Filosofsko-teologicheskie istoki trinitarnoy kontseptsii Avreliya Avgustina. Kand. diss. Spb., 2009.
Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. Bd. 43. Stuttgart, 1953.
Pepin J. Études sur les lectures philosophiques de saint Augustin. Amsterdam. 1977; Idem. Le tout et les parties dans la connaissance de la mens par elle-même (De Trin. X 3, 5–4, 6). Nouveaux schemes porphyriens chez saint Augustin // Gott und sein Bild. Augustins «De Trinitate» im Spiegel gegenwärtiger Forschung / Hrsg. J. Brachtendorf. Paderborn, 2000. S. 105–126.
Schindler A. Wort und Analogie in Augustins Trinitätslehre. Hermeneutische Untersuchungen zur Theologie. Tübingen, 1965.
Sullivan J. E. The Image of God: The Doctrine of St. Augustine and its Influence. Dubuque (Iowa). 1963.
Theiler W. Porphyrios und Augustin. Halle, 1933.
Wassmer Th. The Trinitarian Theology of Augustine and His Debt to Plotinus // The Harvard Theological Review 53 (1960). P. 261–268.

References (transliteration):
Augustin Handbuch / Hrsg. V. H. Drecoll. Tübingen, 2007.
Augustinus-Lexikon / Ed. C. Mayer et al. Basel, 1996–2002.
Ayres L. Augustine and the Trinity. Cambridge, N.Y., 2010.
Barnes M. R. Augustine in Contemporary Trinitarian Theology // Theological Studies 56 (1995). P. 237–250; Idem. Re-reading Augustine’s Theology of the Trinity // The Trinity: An Interdisciplinary Symposium on the Trinity / Ed. S. T. Davis, D. Kendall, G. O’Collins. Oxford, N. Y., 1999. P. 145–176.
Bell D. Esse, Vivere, Intellegere: The Noetic Triad and the Image of God // Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale 52 (1985). P. 5–43.
Boyer Ch. Christianisme et néo-platonisme dans la formation de saint Augustin. Paris, 1920.
Vereshchatskiy P. Plotin i Avgustin v ikh otnoshenii k trinitarnoy probleme // Pravoslavnyy sobesednik, 7–8 (1911). S. 171–197; 9 (1911). S. 305–328.
Cavallera F. Les premières formulas trinitaires de saint Augustin // Bulletin de literature ecclésiastique 31 (1930). P. 97–123.
Cipriani N. Le fonti cristiane della dottrina trinitaria nei primi Dialogi di S. Agostino // Augustinianum 34 (1994). P. 264–312; Idem. La presenza di Mario Vittorino nella riflessione trinitaria di S. Agostino // Augustinianum 42 (2002). P. 261–313.
Du Roy O. L’intelligence de la foi en la Trinité selon saint Augustin. Genèse de sa théologie trinitaire jusqu’en 391. Paris, 1966.
Fattal M. Plotin chez Augustin. Paris, 2006.
Gerber Ch. T. The Spirit of Augustine's Early Theology. Contextualizing Augustine’s Pneumatology. Farnham (Surrey, UK), Burlington (USA), 2012.
Gioia L. Theological Epistemology of Augustine’s “De Trinitate”. Oxford, N. Y., 2008.
Zyablitsev G., diak. Bogoslovie blazhennogo Avgustina i antichnaya filosofiya // Tserkov' i vremya, 1 (1991). S. 65–76.
Hadot P. L’image de la Trinité dans l’âme chez Victorinus et chez saint Augustin // Studia Patristica, 6 (1962). P. 409–442; Idem. Porphyre et Victorinus. Paris, 1968. Vol. I–II.
Huber G. Das Sein und Absolute. Basel, 1955.
Legrand L. La notion philosophique de la Trinité chez saint Augustin. Paris, 1931.
Manchester P. The noetic triad in Plotinus, Marius Victorinus and Augustine // Neoplatonism and Gnosticism / Ed. R. T. Wallis, J. Bregman. Albany, N. Y., 1992. P. 207–222.
Moreskini K. Istoriya patristicheskoy filosofii. M., 2011.
Nozdrin V. V. Filosofsko-teologicheskie istoki trinitarnoy kontseptsii Avreliya Avgustina. Kand. diss. Spb., 2009.
Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. Bd. 43. Stuttgart, 1953.
Pepin J. Études sur les lectures philosophiques de saint Augustin. Amsterdam. 1977; Idem. Le tout et les parties dans la connaissance de la mens par elle-même (De Trin. X 3, 5–4, 6). Nouveaux schemes porphyriens chez saint Augustin // Gott und sein Bild. Augustins «De Trinitate» im Spiegel gegenwärtiger Forschung / Hrsg. J. Brachtendorf. Paderborn, 2000. S. 105–126.
Schindler A. Wort und Analogie in Augustins Trinitätslehre. Hermeneutische Untersuchungen zur Theologie. Tübingen, 1965.
Sullivan J. E. The Image of God: The Doctrine of St. Augustine and its Influence. Dubuque (Iowa). 1963.
Theiler W. Porphyrios und Augustin. Halle, 1933.
Wassmer Th. The Trinitarian Theology of Augustine and His Debt to Plotinus // The Harvard Theological Review 53 (1960). P. 261–268.

Аннотация: The author of the article discusses the traditional system of values aimed at acquiring, preservation and augmentation of energy and life force. Common sense advice, social rules and religious rituals are usually developed in the traditional culture according to the aforesaid system of values which the author calls ‘energy paradigm’. The force acquaints us with the sacral and creates roots in existence. The phenomenon of energy paradigm is viewed based on the example of Tamil culture where the phenomenon was represented by such aspects of culture as the concept of energy named Anangu (Shakti in later years), sacrifice rituals, experience of cross-cousin marriages, rituals of women’s fasting Nonbu, Tamils’ attitudes to suffering, giving, love and faithfulness. In Tamil culture where a woman is believed to be the personification of Shakti special attention is paid at chastity of women which directs her energy in the right direction. It is typical for Tamil myths and social practices to focus on energy interactions between supernatural being in myths, between people and gods in cults, between people in the society and between human and natural forces as well as man-made objects.

Ключевые слова: philosophy, energy, pragmatism, Tamil culture, sacrifice, chastity, sacral, myth, ritual, cross-cousin marriage.

Контактная информация: Khruscheva Polina Viktorovna, 620100, Sverdlov Region, Ekaterinburg, Sibirsky trakt 37.