Аннотация: The research subject is the regulation of legal relationship in the field of education and bridging training of minor workers. The contemporary Russian legislation, regulating minor workers’ legal status, conforms to the generally accepted international legal regulations and allows ensuring the rights and freedoms guarantees of this category of citizens. The Labour Code of the Russian Federation has been the first in the history of labour legislation to include the chapter containing the general provisions regulating education and bridging training of minor workers, including apprenticeship agreement. General educational institutions graduates and other underage persons without a profession (speciality) acquire education or bridging training on a priority basis. The author analyzes the current legislation and develops the proposals about the improvement of legal regulation of labour of minors in the Russian Federation. The research methodology includes historical legal, analytical and comparative-legal methods. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the peculiarities of labour legislation application regarding underage persons. Minors enter legal relationship for the first time, without work experience, they need special health protection and work conditions. In the context of the factual increase of employment of minors, the problem of observance of their labour rights is especially urgent. The legal system contains significant drawbacks related to the protection of minors, including the insufficiency of the mechanisms of implementation of the adopted statutory instruments, the existence of a great number of complicated and contradictory departmental instructions, provisions and rules. 

Ключевые слова: list of professions, state, educational organization, student, employee, employer, conditions of training, professional training, legal status, minor workers

Библиография:
Glebov V. G. Uchenicheskiy dogovor [Tekst] / Vladimir Glebov // Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Barnaul, 2005. 161 c.
Kirillova L.S. Predely individual'no-dogovornogo regulirovaniya trudovykh otnosheniy // Pravo i politika. - 2016. - 1. - C. 121 - 126. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2016.1.17536.
Bryukhina E.R., Novikova N.V. Uchenicheskiy dogovor s litsom, ishchushchim rabotu, kak al'ternativa trudovomu dogovoru s ispytatel'nym srokom [Tekst] // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Yuridicheskie nauki. 2013. № 3. S. 44
Buyanova A. V. Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovaniya truda nesovershennoletnikh rabotnikov [Tekst] / Anastasiya Buyanova: Diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2005. 209 c.
Bushuev I.S. Kollektivnyy dogovor: tendentsii razvitiya [Tekst] // Zakonodatel'stvo i ekonomika. 2015. № 12. S. 43.
Lushnikov A.M., Lushnikova M.V. Pravo na professional'noe obrazovanie i obuchenie: problemy realizatsii v sovremennykh usloviyakh [Tekst] // Trudovoe pravo. M.: Intel-Sintez, 2007, № 4. S. 56.

References (transliteration):
Glebov V. G. Uchenicheskiy dogovor [Tekst] / Vladimir Glebov // Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Barnaul, 2005. 161 c.
Kirillova L.S. Predely individual'no-dogovornogo regulirovaniya trudovykh otnosheniy // Pravo i politika. - 2016. - 1. - C. 121 - 126. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2016.1.17536.
Bryukhina E.R., Novikova N.V. Uchenicheskiy dogovor s litsom, ishchushchim rabotu, kak al'ternativa trudovomu dogovoru s ispytatel'nym srokom [Tekst] // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Yuridicheskie nauki. 2013. № 3. S. 44
Buyanova A. V. Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovaniya truda nesovershennoletnikh rabotnikov [Tekst] / Anastasiya Buyanova: Diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2005. 209 c.
Bushuev I.S. Kollektivnyy dogovor: tendentsii razvitiya [Tekst] // Zakonodatel'stvo i ekonomika. 2015. № 12. S. 43.
Lushnikov A.M., Lushnikova M.V. Pravo na professional'noe obrazovanie i obuchenie: problemy realizatsii v sovremennykh usloviyakh [Tekst] // Trudovoe pravo. M.: Intel-Sintez, 2007, № 4. S. 56.

Аннотация: The level of training of scientific and teaching personnel influences the quality of both educational system and scientific activity; therefore it is one of the most important aspects of development of a state. At the same time, the existing system has many drawbacks. It concerns, firstly, the estimation of the value of the scientific and teaching staff or the objectivity of requirements to particular positions and the defined conditions of selection; secondly, the recognition of dissertation papers as worth granting candidate’s or doctor’s degree in accordance with the criteria of quality, but not the “payment”; thirdly, the procedure of preparation of dissertation papers during the period of a postgraduate or a doctoral course and in case of a candidate course; fourthly, the responsibility of all participants of the process of presentation and recognition of dissertations. The author attempts to propose the most appropriate variant of the solution of these problems. The author works within the paradigm of dialectical materialism, applies the general scientific and special methods of cognition, particularly the logical, formal-legal and the systems methods. The paper can be used for the optimization of the existing legislation in the sphere of training and selection of scientific and research and scientific and teaching personnel, including the reduction of corruption in giving the diplomas of a candidate (doctor) of science, provision of an objective approach to the distribution of positions in institutes of higher education and research institutes, elimination of gaps between the organizations, responsible for scientific and research personnel training, and the organizations which provide expert assessment of dissertations. 

Ключевые слова: fight against corruption, qualification requirements, thesis defence, certification of the University's staff, training of scientific personnel, doctoral course, postgraduate course, competition of teachers, expert assessment of the thesis, quality of dissertations

Библиография:
Prudinskiy A. M. O trudovom dogovore (kontrakte) prepodavateley vuzov // Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Pravovedenie. 1994. № 2.
Osipyan A. L. Korruptsiya v poslevuzovskom obrazovanii // Terra Economicus. 2010. T. 8. № 3.
Fel'dshteyn D. I. Attestatsiya nauchnykh kadrov po pedagogicheskim i psikhologicheskim spetsial'nostyam // Obrazovanie i nauka. 2012. № 10 (99).
Komarov S. A., Yakushev A. N. Kriterii, kotorym dolzhny otvechat' dissertatsii: nauchnaya nekompetentnost' ili prednamerennyy obman // Yuridicheskaya mysl'. 2013. № 1 (75).
Trudovoy kodeks RF ot 30 dekabrya 2001 goda № 197-FZ (v red. ot 6 aprelya 2015 goda № 82-FZ). Stat'ya 332. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Prikaz Minobrazovaniya RF ot 4 dekabrya 2014 goda № 1536 «Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya o poryadke zameshcheniya dolzhnostey nauchno-pedagogicheskikh rabotnikov» // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Prikaz Minobrnauki RF ot 30 marta 2015 goda № 293 «Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya o poryadke provedeniya attestatsii rabotnikov, zanimayushchikh dolzhnosti nauchno-pedagogicheskikh rabotnikov, otnosyashchikhsya k professorsko-prepodavatel'skomu sostavu» // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Sgibneva O. V., Martynova T. N. Pravovoe obespechenie attestatsii nauchno-pedagogicheskikh rabotnikov vuza // Ekonomika obrazovaniya. 2014. № 1.
Edinyy kvalifikatsionnyy spravochnik dolzhnostey rukovoditeley, spetsialistov i sluzhashchikh, razdel «Kvalifikatsionnye kharakteristiki dolzhnostey rukovoditeley i spetsialistov vysshego professional'nogo i dopolnitel'nogo professional'nogo obrazovaniya», utverzhdennyy Prikazom Minzdravsotsrazvitiya RF ot 11 yanvarya 2011 goda № 1n // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Zavgorodniy A. V. Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovaniya truda rabotnikov v vuzakh: prakticheskiy aspekt // Pravovedenie. 2007. № 5.
Vikulov S. V. O kontseptsii podgotovki i attestatsii nauchno-pedagogicheskikh kadrov v sovremennykh usloviyakh // Vooruzhenie i ekonomika. 2010. № 2 (10).
Grudtsyna L. Yu. Reformirovanie sistemy attestatsii nauchnykh i nauchno-pedagogicheskikh kadrov: nekotorye predlozheniya // Gosudarstvo i pravo. 2013. № 3.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 23 avgusta 1996 goda № 127-FZ «O nauke i gosudarstvennoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy politike» (v red. ot 2 noyabrya 2013 goda № 291-FZ). Stat'ya 4.1 // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Polozhenie o prisuzhdenii uchenykh stepeney, utverzhdennogo Postanovleniem Pravitel'stva RF ot 24 sentyabrya 2013 goda № 842 «O poryadke prisuzhdeniya uchenykh stepeney» (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami ot 30 iyulya 2014 goda). Punkt 9 // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Fidarova S.I. Sovremennaya obrazovatel'naya sreda: problemy podgotovki pedagogicheskikh kadrov // Sovremennoe obrazovanie. - 2013. - 4. - C. 74 - 81. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8736.2013.4.10464. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pp/article_10464.html

References (transliteration):
Prudinskiy A. M. O trudovom dogovore (kontrakte) prepodavateley vuzov // Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Pravovedenie. 1994. № 2.
Osipyan A. L. Korruptsiya v poslevuzovskom obrazovanii // Terra Economicus. 2010. T. 8. № 3.
Fel'dshteyn D. I. Attestatsiya nauchnykh kadrov po pedagogicheskim i psikhologicheskim spetsial'nostyam // Obrazovanie i nauka. 2012. № 10 (99).
Komarov S. A., Yakushev A. N. Kriterii, kotorym dolzhny otvechat' dissertatsii: nauchnaya nekompetentnost' ili prednamerennyy obman // Yuridicheskaya mysl'. 2013. № 1 (75).
Trudovoy kodeks RF ot 30 dekabrya 2001 goda № 197-FZ (v red. ot 6 aprelya 2015 goda № 82-FZ). Stat'ya 332. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Prikaz Minobrazovaniya RF ot 4 dekabrya 2014 goda № 1536 «Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya o poryadke zameshcheniya dolzhnostey nauchno-pedagogicheskikh rabotnikov» // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Prikaz Minobrnauki RF ot 30 marta 2015 goda № 293 «Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya o poryadke provedeniya attestatsii rabotnikov, zanimayushchikh dolzhnosti nauchno-pedagogicheskikh rabotnikov, otnosyashchikhsya k professorsko-prepodavatel'skomu sostavu» // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Sgibneva O. V., Martynova T. N. Pravovoe obespechenie attestatsii nauchno-pedagogicheskikh rabotnikov vuza // Ekonomika obrazovaniya. 2014. № 1.
Edinyy kvalifikatsionnyy spravochnik dolzhnostey rukovoditeley, spetsialistov i sluzhashchikh, razdel «Kvalifikatsionnye kharakteristiki dolzhnostey rukovoditeley i spetsialistov vysshego professional'nogo i dopolnitel'nogo professional'nogo obrazovaniya», utverzhdennyy Prikazom Minzdravsotsrazvitiya RF ot 11 yanvarya 2011 goda № 1n // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Zavgorodniy A. V. Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovaniya truda rabotnikov v vuzakh: prakticheskiy aspekt // Pravovedenie. 2007. № 5.
Vikulov S. V. O kontseptsii podgotovki i attestatsii nauchno-pedagogicheskikh kadrov v sovremennykh usloviyakh // Vooruzhenie i ekonomika. 2010. № 2 (10).
Grudtsyna L. Yu. Reformirovanie sistemy attestatsii nauchnykh i nauchno-pedagogicheskikh kadrov: nekotorye predlozheniya // Gosudarstvo i pravo. 2013. № 3.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 23 avgusta 1996 goda № 127-FZ «O nauke i gosudarstvennoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy politike» (v red. ot 2 noyabrya 2013 goda № 291-FZ). Stat'ya 4.1 // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Polozhenie o prisuzhdenii uchenykh stepeney, utverzhdennogo Postanovleniem Pravitel'stva RF ot 24 sentyabrya 2013 goda № 842 «O poryadke prisuzhdeniya uchenykh stepeney» (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami ot 30 iyulya 2014 goda). Punkt 9 // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Fidarova S.I. Sovremennaya obrazovatel'naya sreda: problemy podgotovki pedagogicheskikh kadrov // Sovremennoe obrazovanie. - 2013. - 4. - C. 74 - 81. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8736.2013.4.10464. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pp/article_10464.html