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Исследования космоса

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Яник А.А. Космические программы и проблемы оценки социетального воздействия проектов Big Science // Исследования космоса. 2017. № 3. С. 216-227. DOI: 10.7256/2453-8817.2017.3.24860 URL: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24860

Космические программы и проблемы оценки социетального воздействия проектов Big Science

Яник Андрей Александрович

кандидат технических наук

ведущий научный сотрудник, Институт демографических исследований ФНИСЦ РАН

119333, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Фотиевой, 6, корп.1, оф. 1

Yanik Andrey Aleksandrovich

PhD in Technical Science

Leading Research Associate, Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

119333, Russia, g. Moscow, ul. Fotievoi, 6, korp.1, of. 1

cpi_2002_1@yahoo.co.uk

Другие публикации этого автора

Статья из рубрики "Государственная космическая политика"

DOI:

10.7256/2453-8817.2017.3.24860

Дата направления статьи в редакцию:

28-11-2017

Дата публикации:

27-12-2017

Аннотация: Предмет исследования – деятельность инновационно развитых государств по разработке теоретических моделей, метрик и механизмов, дающих возможность оценивать социетальное воздействие крупномасштабных научных проектов (Big Sсience) и, как следствие, управлять текущими и отдаленными эффектами, которые развитие науки и инноваций оказывает на социально-экономический прогресс. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам, связанным с необходимостью оценки социетальной значимости дорогостоящих космических программ. Цель работы – выявление опыта, пригодного к трансферу в российские условия, подготовка рекомендаций по его использованию. Для решения поставленных задач применялись общенаучные теоретические и эмпирические методы исследования с использованием междисциплинарных подходов. Хотя позитивное влияние проектов Big Science на общественное развитие считается очевидным, актуальная научная литература не содержит подтверждений этого тезиса, основанных на доказательной базе. В условиях повышенного внимания общества к качеству управления национальными ресурсами приобретает особую актуальность разработка научных инструментов, позволяющих анализировать наличие связи между увеличением расходов на крупномасштабные научные проекты и ростом инновационности экономики, ускорением трансфера знаний, появлением позитивных социальных перемен. В Российской Федерации это направление находится на начальном этапе становления. Представляется целесообразным активизировать такого рода разработки в рамках реализации Стратегии научно-технологического развития Российской Федерации на 2017 - 2019 годы.

Ключевые слова:

Космос, Космическая программа, Большой научный проект, Крупномасштабное исследование, НАСА, Социетальное воздействие, Социальное последствие, Социетальная значимость, Методы оценки, Научная политика

Abstract: The research subject is the activities of innovatively developed countries in the development of theoretical models, metrics and mechanisms helping to estimate societal impact of large-scale research projects (Big Science) as, consequently, manage the current and long-term impact of the development of science and innovations on socio-economic progress. Special attention is given to the need to estimate societal impact of expensive space programs. The purpose of the research is to determine the experience that could be used in Russia and to elaborate recommendations for its using. To solve the research tasks, the author uses general theoretical and empirical methods and interdisciplinary approaches. Though the positive impact of the Big Science projects on social development seems obvious, the newest scientific works don’t provide any evidence based proofs of this thesis. In the context of increased public attention to the quality of national resources management, it becomes extremely important to develop scientific instruments helping analyze the presence of interdependence between the increase of expenditures for large scale scientific projects and the growth of innovativeness of changes. In the Russian Federation, this sphere is at the initial stage of formation. It seems reasonable to activate such projects within the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for 2017 – 2019.

Keywords:

Space, Space Program, Big Science project, Large-scale research, NASA, Societal impact, Social impact, Societal Value, Assessment Methods, Science Policy

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