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Suedfeld P., Pank D. Halliwell D., Buckley N. Psychosocial aspects of spaceflight and aging

Аннотация: Many places on Earth have been used as analogs of space vehicles, with the goal of understanding the pressures and stresses of a long-duration spacefl ight such as a round-trip voyage to Mars. One of these is the situation common to many of the aged, especially those who live in group housing: planned communities, assisted living centers, or nursing homes. This paper looks at the lessons that space psychology and geriatric psychology can teach each other. Traditionally, both the literature on aging and that on spacefl ight have focused on the problems that their population of interest experiences, and on what can be done to alleviate the negative effects of those problems – or, more familiarly, on countermeasures. The problems are due to or mediated by, stress, which is a common factor in both literatures. There are many common factors related to successful aging and successful spacefl ight. Increased cross-fl ow of ideas between the two research communities would be fruitful.

Ключевые слова:

Isolated Environment, Geriatric psychology, Long-duration spacefl ight, sychological reaction, Aging, Space psychology, Stressors, ISS, Sleep deprivation, Depression.

Abstract: Many places on Earth have been used as analogs of space vehicles, with the goal of understanding the pressures and stresses of a long-duration spaceflight such as a round-trip voyage to Mars. One of these is the situation common to many of the aged, especially those who live in group housing: planned communities, assisted living centers, or nursing homes. This paper looks at the lessons that space psychology and geriatric psychology can teach each other. Traditionally, both the literature on aging and that on spaceflight have focused on the problems that their population of interest experiences, and on what can be done to alleviate the negative effects of those problems – or, more familiarly, on countermeasures. The problems are due to or mediated by, stress, which is a common factor in both literatures.There are many common factors related to successful aging and successful spaceflight. Increased cross-flow of ideas between the two research communities would be fruitful.

Keywords:

Isolated Environment, Geriatric psychology, Long-duration spaceflight, Psychological reaction, Aging, Space psychology, Stressors, ISS, Sleep deprivation, Depression


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Библиография
1. Abeles RP, White Riley M, 1977, A life-course perspective on the later years of life: Some implications for research. Social Science Research Council Annual Report 1976–1977. Quoted in Marshall and Bengtson. Theoretical perspectives on the sociology of aging. In Settersten RA, Jr, Angel JL, (Eds.) (2011). Handbook of sociology of aging.
2. K.B. Adams, S. Leibbrandt, H. Moon A critical review of the literature on social and leisure activity and wellbeing in later life Ageing Soc, 31 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X10001091.
3. A.A. Antonovsky Health, stress, and coping Jossey-Bass, San Francisco (1979).
4. A.A. Antonovsky Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well Jossey-Bass, San Francisco (1987).
5. M. Basner, D.F. Dinges, D.J. Millicone, I. Savelev, A.J. Ecker, A. Di Antonio, et al. Psychological and behavioral changes during confinement in a 520-day simulated interplanetary mission to Mars PLOS ONE (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093298
6. P.B. Baltes, M.M. Baltes Psychological perspectives on successful aging: the model of selective optimization with compensation P.B. Baltes, M.M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: perspectives from the behavioral sciences, Cambridge University Press, New York (1990).
7. K. Binsted, R.I. Kobrick, M.Ó. Griofa, S. Bishop, J. Lapierre Human factors research as part of a Mars exploration analogue mission on Devon Island Planet Space Sci, 58 (2010), pp. 994–1006ю http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.03.001
8. T. Booth, D. Phillips Group living in homes for the elderly: A comparative study of the outcomes of care
Brit J Soc Work, 17 (1987), pp. 1–20. http://www.jstor.ort/stable/23707211
9. Buckley N. Space health and aging (SHARE) [Video file]. March 31, 2016, [Retrieved 05.08.2016] from http://tedxwinnipeg.ca/speaker/nicole.
10. B. Casteel. Study finds astronauts’ hearts become more spherical in space American College of Cardiology press (2014) release, [accessed 10.08.2016] from
11. N.G. Choi, S. Ransom, R.J. Wyllie Depression in older nursing home residents: the influence of nursing home environmental stressors, coping, and acceptance of group and individual therapy Aging Mental Health, 12 (5) (2008), pp. 536–547.
12. F.A. Cucinotta, F.K. Manuel, J. Jones, G. Iszard, J. Murrey, B. Djojonegro, et al. Space radiation and cataracts in astronauts Radiat Res, 156 (5) (2001), pp. 460–466.
13. De St Aubin ED, McAdams DP, Kim T-C, editors. The generative society: caring for future generations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2003.
14. M.D. Delp, J.M. Charvat, C.L. Limoli, R.K. Globus, P. Gosh. Lunar astronauts show higher cardiovascular deep space radiation effects on the vascular endothelium Sci Rep, 6 (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep29901 Article No. 29901
15. K.M. Everard The relationship between reasons for activity and older adult wellbeing J Appl Gerontol, 18 (3) (1999), pp. 325–340.
16. E.M. Friedman, C.D. Ryff Theoretical perspectives. S.K. Whitbourne, M.J. Sliwinski (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of adulthood and aging (Ch. 1), Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118392966.ch1
17. L. Gallicchio, B. Kalesan. Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res, 18 (2009), pp. 148–158.
18. E. Goffman. Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Anchor Press, New York (1961).
19. A.A. Harrison, Y.A. Clearwater, C.P. McKay (Eds.), From Antarctica to outer space: Life in isolation and confinement, Springer-Verlag, New York (1991).
20. E.C. Ihle, J.B. Ritsher, N. Kanas. Positive psychological outcomes of spaceflight: An empirical study. Aviat Space Environ Med, 77 (2006), pp. 93–101.
21. International Astronautical Congress (2016). Plenary: Living for a year on ISS: Early results and lessons learned.
22. Kanas N, Saylor S, Harris M, Neylan T, Boyd J, Weiss DS, et al. High versus low crewmember autonomy in space simulation environments. In: On orbit and beyond: Psychological perspectives on human spaceflight. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag; 2013. p. 231–45.
23. L.D. Jones, H. Pandit, C. Lavy. Back pain in the elderly: a review. Maturitas, 78 (4) (2014), pp. 258–262/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.05.004
24. E.L. Kerstman, R.A. Scheuring, M.G. Barnes, T.B. DeKorse, L.G. Saile. Space adaptation back pain: a retrospective study. Aviat Space Environ Med, 83 (2012), pp. 2–7.
25. F. Landi, M. Cesari, G. Onder, F. Lattanzio, E. Manes Gravina, R. Bernabel, et al. Physical activity and mortality in frail, community-living elderly patients. J Geront A, 59 (2004), pp. M833–M837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/59.8.M833.
26. H. Litwin, S. Shiovitz-Ezra. The association between activity and wellbeing in later life: what really matters? Ageing Soc, 26 (2) (2006), pp. 225–242.
27. H. Maier, P.L. Klumb. Social participation and survival at older ages: is the effect driven by activity content or context? Eur J Ageing, 2 (1) (2005), pp. 31–39.
28. D. Manzey. Human missions to Mars: New psychological challenges and research issues. Acta Astronaut, 55 (2004), pp. 781–790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.013
29. A. Paris. Physiological and psychological aspects of sending humans to Mars: Challenges and recommendations. J Washington Acad Scis, 100 (2014), pp. 3–20.
30. B. Resnick, L.P. Gwyther, K.A. Roberto (Eds.), Resilience in aging: concepts, research, and outcomes, Springer, New York (2011) ISBN:9781441902313; 1441902317.
31. L.H. Ritchey, P.N. Ritchey, B.E. Dietz. Clarifying the measurement of activity. Act Adaptation Aging, 26 (1) (2001), pp. 1–21.
32. R.A. Settersten Jr., J.L. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of sociology of aging, Springer, New York (2011). 1441973737; 9781461440956
33. A. Sixsmith. Understanding the older user of ambient technologies. J.A. Jacko (Ed.), Proceedings of the 13th international conference on human-computer interaction. Part III: Ubiquitous and intelligent interaction, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg (2009), pp. 511–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02580-8_56
34. A. Sixsmith. Gerontological perspectives on ambient assistive living. ,in: J.C. Augusto (Ed.), et al., Handbook of ambient assisted living: Technology for healthcare, rehabilitation and well-being. Ambient intelligence and smart environments11, , IOS PRESS, Amsterdam, NL (2012), pp. 253–257.
35. S. Stenholm, E. Kronholm, P. Sainio, K. Borodulin, P. Era, M. Fogelholm, et al.Sleep-related factors and mobility in older men and women.J Gerontol A: Biol Sci Med Sci, 65A (6) (2010), pp. 649–657.
36. A.E. Stuck, J.M. Walthert, T. Nikolaus, C.J. Büla, C. Hohmann, J.C. Beck. Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: A systematic literature review. Soc Sci Med, 48 (1999), pp. 445–469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00370-0
37. P. Suedfeld. Applying positive psychology in the study of extreme environments. Hum Performance Extreme Environ, 6 (2002), pp. 21–25.
38. P. Suedfeld. Invulnerability, coping, salutogenesis, integration: four phases of space psychology. Aviat Space Environ Med, 76 (6) (2005), pp. B61–B73.
39. P. Suedfeld, J. Brcic, K. Legkaia. Coping with the problems of space flight: reports from astronauts and cosmonauts. Acta Astronaut, 65 (3) (2009), pp. 312–324.
40. Suedfeld P, Halliwell JE, Rank AD, 2013. Space and ageing, behavioural theme: An integrative literature review. Prepared for the Canadian Space Agency under Contract No. 08/7011078.
41. P. Suedfeld, K. Legkaia, J. Brcic. Changes in the hierarchy of value references associated with flying in space. J Pers, 78 (5) (2010), pp. 1411–1435.
42. P. Suedfeld, K.E. Wilk, L. Cassel. Flying with strangers: postmission reflections of multinational space crews. D.A. Vakoch (Ed.), Psychology of space exploration: Contemporary research in historical perspective, NASA Historical Series, Washington, DC (2011), pp. 143–175.
43. Suedfeld P. Extreme and unusual environments: Challenges and responses. In: Clayton S, editor. The oxford handbook of environmental and conservation psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 348–71.
44. Wada K, Shibata T, Saito T, Tanie K, 2002. Analysis of factors that bring mental effects to elderly people in robot assisted activity. In: International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2002. IEEE/RSJ, 2, 1152–1157. ISBN: 0-7803-7398-7, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IRDS.2002. 1043887.
45. P. Warr, V. Butcher, I. Robertson. Activity and psychological well-being in older people. Aging Mental Health, 8 (2) (2004), pp. 172–183.
46. S.D. Youngstedt, D.F. Kripke. Long sleep and mortality: Rationale for sleep restriction. Sleep Med Rev, 8 (2004), pp. 159–174.
References
1. Abeles RP, White Riley M, 1977, A life-course perspective on the later years of life: Some implications for research. Social Science Research Council Annual Report 1976–1977. Quoted in Marshall and Bengtson. Theoretical perspectives on the sociology of aging. In Settersten RA, Jr, Angel JL, (Eds.) (2011). Handbook of sociology of aging.
2. K.B. Adams, S. Leibbrandt, H. Moon A critical review of the literature on social and leisure activity and wellbeing in later life Ageing Soc, 31 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X10001091.
3. A.A. Antonovsky Health, stress, and coping Jossey-Bass, San Francisco (1979).
4. A.A. Antonovsky Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well Jossey-Bass, San Francisco (1987).
5. M. Basner, D.F. Dinges, D.J. Millicone, I. Savelev, A.J. Ecker, A. Di Antonio, et al. Psychological and behavioral changes during confinement in a 520-day simulated interplanetary mission to Mars PLOS ONE (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093298
6. P.B. Baltes, M.M. Baltes Psychological perspectives on successful aging: the model of selective optimization with compensation P.B. Baltes, M.M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: perspectives from the behavioral sciences, Cambridge University Press, New York (1990).
7. K. Binsted, R.I. Kobrick, M.Ó. Griofa, S. Bishop, J. Lapierre Human factors research as part of a Mars exploration analogue mission on Devon Island Planet Space Sci, 58 (2010), pp. 994–1006yu http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.03.001
8. T. Booth, D. Phillips Group living in homes for the elderly: A comparative study of the outcomes of care
9. Brit J Soc Work, 17 (1987), pp. 1–20. http://www.jstor.ort/stable/23707211
10. Buckley N. Space health and aging (SHARE) [Video file]. March 31, 2016, [Retrieved 05.08.2016] from http://tedxwinnipeg.ca/speaker/nicole.
11. B. Casteel. Study finds astronauts’ hearts become more spherical in space American College of Cardiology press (2014) release, [accessed 10.08.2016] from
12. N.G. Choi, S. Ransom, R.J. Wyllie Depression in older nursing home residents: the influence of nursing home environmental stressors, coping, and acceptance of group and individual therapy Aging Mental Health, 12 (5) (2008), pp. 536–547.
13. F.A. Cucinotta, F.K. Manuel, J. Jones, G. Iszard, J. Murrey, B. Djojonegro, et al. Space radiation and cataracts in astronauts Radiat Res, 156 (5) (2001), pp. 460–466.
14. De St Aubin ED, McAdams DP, Kim T-C, editors. The generative society: caring for future generations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2003.
15. M.D. Delp, J.M. Charvat, C.L. Limoli, R.K. Globus, P. Gosh. Lunar astronauts show higher cardiovascular deep space radiation effects on the vascular endothelium Sci Rep, 6 (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep29901 Article No. 29901
16. K.M. Everard The relationship between reasons for activity and older adult wellbeing J Appl Gerontol, 18 (3) (1999), pp. 325–340.
17. E.M. Friedman, C.D. Ryff Theoretical perspectives. S.K. Whitbourne, M.J. Sliwinski (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of adulthood and aging (Ch. 1), Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118392966.ch1
18. L. Gallicchio, B. Kalesan. Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res, 18 (2009), pp. 148–158.
19. E. Goffman. Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Anchor Press, New York (1961).
20. A.A. Harrison, Y.A. Clearwater, C.P. McKay (Eds.), From Antarctica to outer space: Life in isolation and confinement, Springer-Verlag, New York (1991).
21. E.C. Ihle, J.B. Ritsher, N. Kanas. Positive psychological outcomes of spaceflight: An empirical study. Aviat Space Environ Med, 77 (2006), pp. 93–101.
22. International Astronautical Congress (2016). Plenary: Living for a year on ISS: Early results and lessons learned.
23. Kanas N, Saylor S, Harris M, Neylan T, Boyd J, Weiss DS, et al. High versus low crewmember autonomy in space simulation environments. In: On orbit and beyond: Psychological perspectives on human spaceflight. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag; 2013. p. 231–45.
24. L.D. Jones, H. Pandit, C. Lavy. Back pain in the elderly: a review. Maturitas, 78 (4) (2014), pp. 258–262/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.05.004
25. E.L. Kerstman, R.A. Scheuring, M.G. Barnes, T.B. DeKorse, L.G. Saile. Space adaptation back pain: a retrospective study. Aviat Space Environ Med, 83 (2012), pp. 2–7.
26. F. Landi, M. Cesari, G. Onder, F. Lattanzio, E. Manes Gravina, R. Bernabel, et al. Physical activity and mortality in frail, community-living elderly patients. J Geront A, 59 (2004), pp. M833–M837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/59.8.M833.
27. H. Litwin, S. Shiovitz-Ezra. The association between activity and wellbeing in later life: what really matters? Ageing Soc, 26 (2) (2006), pp. 225–242.
28. H. Maier, P.L. Klumb. Social participation and survival at older ages: is the effect driven by activity content or context? Eur J Ageing, 2 (1) (2005), pp. 31–39.
29. D. Manzey. Human missions to Mars: New psychological challenges and research issues. Acta Astronaut, 55 (2004), pp. 781–790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.013
30. A. Paris. Physiological and psychological aspects of sending humans to Mars: Challenges and recommendations. J Washington Acad Scis, 100 (2014), pp. 3–20.
31. B. Resnick, L.P. Gwyther, K.A. Roberto (Eds.), Resilience in aging: concepts, research, and outcomes, Springer, New York (2011) ISBN:9781441902313; 1441902317.
32. L.H. Ritchey, P.N. Ritchey, B.E. Dietz. Clarifying the measurement of activity. Act Adaptation Aging, 26 (1) (2001), pp. 1–21.
33. R.A. Settersten Jr., J.L. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of sociology of aging, Springer, New York (2011). 1441973737; 9781461440956
34. A. Sixsmith. Understanding the older user of ambient technologies. J.A. Jacko (Ed.), Proceedings of the 13th international conference on human-computer interaction. Part III: Ubiquitous and intelligent interaction, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg (2009), pp. 511–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02580-8_56
35. A. Sixsmith. Gerontological perspectives on ambient assistive living. ,in: J.C. Augusto (Ed.), et al., Handbook of ambient assisted living: Technology for healthcare, rehabilitation and well-being. Ambient intelligence and smart environments11, , IOS PRESS, Amsterdam, NL (2012), pp. 253–257.
36. S. Stenholm, E. Kronholm, P. Sainio, K. Borodulin, P. Era, M. Fogelholm, et al.Sleep-related factors and mobility in older men and women.J Gerontol A: Biol Sci Med Sci, 65A (6) (2010), pp. 649–657.
37. A.E. Stuck, J.M. Walthert, T. Nikolaus, C.J. Büla, C. Hohmann, J.C. Beck. Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: A systematic literature review. Soc Sci Med, 48 (1999), pp. 445–469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00370-0
38. P. Suedfeld. Applying positive psychology in the study of extreme environments. Hum Performance Extreme Environ, 6 (2002), pp. 21–25.
39. P. Suedfeld. Invulnerability, coping, salutogenesis, integration: four phases of space psychology. Aviat Space Environ Med, 76 (6) (2005), pp. B61–B73.
40. P. Suedfeld, J. Brcic, K. Legkaia. Coping with the problems of space flight: reports from astronauts and cosmonauts. Acta Astronaut, 65 (3) (2009), pp. 312–324.
41. Suedfeld P, Halliwell JE, Rank AD, 2013. Space and ageing, behavioural theme: An integrative literature review. Prepared for the Canadian Space Agency under Contract No. 08/7011078.
42. P. Suedfeld, K. Legkaia, J. Brcic. Changes in the hierarchy of value references associated with flying in space. J Pers, 78 (5) (2010), pp. 1411–1435.
43. P. Suedfeld, K.E. Wilk, L. Cassel. Flying with strangers: postmission reflections of multinational space crews. D.A. Vakoch (Ed.), Psychology of space exploration: Contemporary research in historical perspective, NASA Historical Series, Washington, DC (2011), pp. 143–175.
44. Suedfeld P. Extreme and unusual environments: Challenges and responses. In: Clayton S, editor. The oxford handbook of environmental and conservation psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 348–71.
45. Wada K, Shibata T, Saito T, Tanie K, 2002. Analysis of factors that bring mental effects to elderly people in robot assisted activity. In: International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2002. IEEE/RSJ, 2, 1152–1157. ISBN: 0-7803-7398-7, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IRDS.2002. 1043887.
46. P. Warr, V. Butcher, I. Robertson. Activity and psychological well-being in older people. Aging Mental Health, 8 (2) (2004), pp. 172–183.
47. S.D. Youngstedt, D.F. Kripke. Long sleep and mortality: Rationale for sleep restriction. Sleep Med Rev, 8 (2004), pp. 159–174.
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