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Психология и Психотехника
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Дж. Буллингтон Феноменологический подход к выражению психосоматического тела. Глава 6. Здоровье, болезнь и холистическое здоровье (перевод В.С. Кулагиной-Ярцевой и Н.Г. Кротовской)

Аннотация: В главе приводится определение холистического здоровья, дается оценка различных подходов к здоровью человека (в том числе традиционной китайской медицины), прослеживается соответствие этих подходов определению, которое дает Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения. Излагаются взгляды французского философа, представителя феноменологической школы М. Мерло-Понти. Опровергается редукционистское доминирование модели болезни.


Ключевые слова:

психология, холизм, холистическое здоровье, феноменология, Мерло-Понти, биомедицина, целый человек, психосоматика, баланс, китайская медицина.

Abstract: In this chapter Bullington offers his definition of holistic health, provides evaluation of different approaches to health (including traditional Chinese medicine) and studies the compliance of these approaches to the definition of health according to the World Health Organization. Bullington also describes views of a French philosopher, follower of the phenomenological school Merleau-Ponty and denies the reductive domination of the illness model.


Keywords:

psychology, holism, holistic health, phenomenology, Merleau-Ponty, bio-medicine, whole person, psychosomatics, balance, Chinese medicine.


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Библиография
1. Ahmed S. Queer phenomenology: orientations, objects, others. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2007.
2. Al-Saji A. A past which has never been present: Bergsonian dimensions in Merleau-Ponty’s theory of the prepersonal // Research in Phenomenology. 2008. № 38. P. 41-47.
3. Benner P. The tradition and skill of interpretative phenomenology: embodiment, caring and ethics in health and illness. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Ltd, 1994.
4. Benner P. The phenomenon of care // Toombs K. (Ed.), Handbook of Phenomenology and medicine. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
5. Berg G.V. & Sarvimäki A. A holistic-existential approach to health promotion // Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science. 2003. № 17. P. 384-391.
6. Boors C. Health as a theoretical concept // Philosophy of Science. 1977. № 44. P. 542-573.
7. Borwick C. A holistic approach to meeting the needs of patients with conditions that affect their appearance // Primary Health Care. 2011. № 21 (1). P. 33-39.
8. Bowker J. Problems of suffering in religions of the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
9. Brown J., & Wimpenny P. Developing a holistic approach to obesity management // International Journal of Nursing Practice. 2011. № 17. Р. 9-18.
10. Bush N., & Bruni N. Spiritual care as a dimension of holistic care: a relational interpretation // International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2008. № 14 (11). P. 539-545.
11. Carel H. Illness. Stockfield: Acumen, 2008.
12. Csordas T. (Ed.). Embodiment and experience: The existential ground of culture and self. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
13. Dahlberg K., Nyström M., & Dahlberg H. Reflective lifeworld research. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2007.
14. Desjarlais R., & Throop J.C. Phenomenological Approaches in anthropology // Annual Review of Anthropology. 2011. № 40. P. 87-102.
15. Dubos R. The mirage of health. New York: Harper and Row, 1959.
16. Fleck L. The genesis and development of a scientific fact. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.
17. Gallagher S. Body schema and intentionality // Bermúdez J.A., Marcel A., Elian N. (Eds.). The Body and the Self. Cambridge: The MIT press, 1995.
18. Gallagher S. How the body shapes the mind. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005.
19. Gieck J.D., & Olsen S. Holistic wellness as a means to developing a lifestyle approach to health behavior among college students // Journal of American College Health. 2007. № 56 (1) P. 29-35.
20. Henderson S. Factors impacting on nurses’ transference of theoretical knowledge of holistic care into clinical practice // Nurse Education in Practice 2002. № 2. PP. 244-250.
21. Herzlich C. Health and illness: a social psychological analysis. London: Academic Press. 1973.
22. Hippocrates — http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/hippocrates.html.
23. Hjem K., Rolfe M., Bryar R.M., Andersson B.-L., &Fletcher M. Holism in community leg ulcer management: A comparison of nurses in Sweden and the UK // British Journal of Community Nursing, 2003. № 8 (8). P. 353-363.
24. Illich I. The limits of medicine. London: Pelican books, 1977.
25. Jacobson K. Embodied domestics, embodied politics: Women, home and agoraphobia // Human Studies. 2011. № 34. P. 1-21.
26. Jewson N.D. The Disappearance of the Sick Man from Medical Cosmology, 1770-1870 // Sociology. 1975. № 10(2). PP. 225-244.
27. Johnson M. The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1987.
28. Kaptchuk T. J. The web that has no weaver. New York: Contemporary Books Inc., 2000.
29. Knibbe K., & Versteeg P. Assessing phenomenology in ahthropology: lessons from the study of religion and experience // Critique of Anthropology. 2008. № 28 (47). P. 47-62.
30. Leder D. The absent body. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.
31. Mansfield K. Letters and journals. London: Pelican books, 1977.
32. McEvoy L., & Duffy A. Holistic Practice — a conceptual analysis // Nurse Education in Practice. 2008. № 8. P. 412-419.
33. Merleau-Ponty, M. Phenomenology of Perception. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1945/1962.
34. Nordenfelt Lennart. On the nature of health: An action-theoretic approach. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing, 1987.
35. Odey K. Legitimizing patient sexuality and sexual health to provide holistic care // Gastrointestinal Nursing. 2009. № 7(8). PP. 43-47.
36. Pallasmaa J. The eyes of the skin: Architecture and the senses. John Wiley & Sons, UK. 2005.
37. Parsons T. Definitions of health and illness in the light of American values and social structure // Caplan A.L., Englehardt H.T., McCartney Jr. & J.J. (Eds). Concepts of health and disease Interdisciplinary Perspectives. USA. Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1981.
38. Plato. Charmides in Plato. Collected Dialogues. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1961.
39. Pörn I. Health and adaptedness // Theoretical Medicine. 1993. № 14. PP. 295-303.
40. Reed P.G. Nursing reformation: Historical reflections and philosophic foundations // Nursing Science Quarterly. 2000. № 13 (2). P. 129-136.
41. Riley J.B. Holistic self care: Strategies for initiating a personal assessment // AAOHJ Journal. 2003. № 51 (10). P. 439-447.
42. Sacks O. Awakening. New York: Harper Perennial, 2001.
43. Seedhouse D. Health: the foundation for achievement. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001.
44. Smuts J.C. Holism and evolution. New York: Macmillan, 1926.
45. Strandberg E.L., Ovhed I., Borgqvist L., & Wilhelmsson S. The perceived meaning of a (w)holistic view among general practitioners and district nurses in Swedish primary care: a qualitative study // BMC Family Practice. 2007. № 8(8).
46. Tamm M. Modeller för hälsa och sjukdom. Malmö: Tiger Förlag, 1994.
47. Thorn S.E. People and their parts: Deconstructing the debates in theorizing nursing’s clients // Nursing Philosophy. 2001. № 2. PP. 259-262.
48. Tolero M. Perception, normativity, and Selfhood in Merleau-Ponty: the spatial level and existential space // The Southern Journal of Philosophy. 2005. № 43. PP. 443-461.
49. Toombs K. (Ed.) Chronic illness: From experience to policy. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1995.
50. Toombs K. (Ed.) Handbook of phenomenology and medicine. Dordrecht. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
51. Tumer B. S. Disability and the sociology of the body // Albrecht G.L., Seelman K.D., Bury & M. (Eds). Handbook of disability studies. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication Inc. 2001. PP. 252-266.
52. Williams R. Concepts of health: an analysis of lay logic // Sociology. 1983. № 17 (2). PP. 185-205.
53. Williams S., & Bendelow G. The lived body: sociological themes, embodied issues. London & New York: Routledge, 1998.
54. World Health Organization // Official records of the World Health Organization. 1948. № 2.
55. Young I.M. On female body experience: Throwing like a girl and other essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
56. Zengerle-Levy K. Practices that facilitate critically burned Children’s holistic healing // Qualitative Health Research. 2004. № 14 (9). PP. 1255-1275
References
1. Ahmed S. Queer phenomenology: orientations, objects, others. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2007.
2. Al-Saji A. A past which has never been present: Bergsonian dimensions in Merleau-Ponty’s theory of the prepersonal // Research in Phenomenology. 2008. № 38. P. 41-47.
3. Benner P. The tradition and skill of interpretative phenomenology: embodiment, caring and ethics in health and illness. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Ltd, 1994.
4. Benner P. The phenomenon of care // Toombs K. (Ed.), Handbook of Phenomenology and medicine. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
5. Berg G.V. & Sarvimäki A. A holistic-existential approach to health promotion // Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science. 2003. № 17. P. 384-391.
6. Boors C. Health as a theoretical concept // Philosophy of Science. 1977. № 44. P. 542-573.
7. Borwick C. A holistic approach to meeting the needs of patients with conditions that affect their appearance // Primary Health Care. 2011. № 21 (1). P. 33-39.
8. Bowker J. Problems of suffering in religions of the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
9. Brown J., & Wimpenny P. Developing a holistic approach to obesity management // International Journal of Nursing Practice. 2011. № 17. R. 9-18.
10. Bush N., & Bruni N. Spiritual care as a dimension of holistic care: a relational interpretation // International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2008. № 14 (11). P. 539-545.
11. Carel H. Illness. Stockfield: Acumen, 2008.
12. Csordas T. (Ed.). Embodiment and experience: The existential ground of culture and self. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
13. Dahlberg K., Nyström M., & Dahlberg H. Reflective lifeworld research. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2007.
14. Desjarlais R., & Throop J.C. Phenomenological Approaches in anthropology // Annual Review of Anthropology. 2011. № 40. P. 87-102.
15. Dubos R. The mirage of health. New York: Harper and Row, 1959.
16. Fleck L. The genesis and development of a scientific fact. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.
17. Gallagher S. Body schema and intentionality // Bermúdez J.A., Marcel A., Elian N. (Eds.). The Body and the Self. Cambridge: The MIT press, 1995.
18. Gallagher S. How the body shapes the mind. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005.
19. Gieck J.D., & Olsen S. Holistic wellness as a means to developing a lifestyle approach to health behavior among college students // Journal of American College Health. 2007. № 56 (1) P. 29-35.
20. Henderson S. Factors impacting on nurses’ transference of theoretical knowledge of holistic care into clinical practice // Nurse Education in Practice 2002. № 2. PP. 244-250.
21. Herzlich C. Health and illness: a social psychological analysis. London: Academic Press. 1973.
22. Hippocrates — http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/hippocrates.html.
23. Hjem K., Rolfe M., Bryar R.M., Andersson B.-L., &Fletcher M. Holism in community leg ulcer management: A comparison of nurses in Sweden and the UK // British Journal of Community Nursing, 2003. № 8 (8). P. 353-363.
24. Illich I. The limits of medicine. London: Pelican books, 1977.
25. Jacobson K. Embodied domestics, embodied politics: Women, home and agoraphobia // Human Studies. 2011. № 34. P. 1-21.
26. Jewson N.D. The Disappearance of the Sick Man from Medical Cosmology, 1770-1870 // Sociology. 1975. № 10(2). PP. 225-244.
27. Johnson M. The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1987.
28. Kaptchuk T. J. The web that has no weaver. New York: Contemporary Books Inc., 2000.
29. Knibbe K., & Versteeg P. Assessing phenomenology in ahthropology: lessons from the study of religion and experience // Critique of Anthropology. 2008. № 28 (47). P. 47-62.
30. Leder D. The absent body. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.
31. Mansfield K. Letters and journals. London: Pelican books, 1977.
32. McEvoy L., & Duffy A. Holistic Practice — a conceptual analysis // Nurse Education in Practice. 2008. № 8. P. 412-419.
33. Merleau-Ponty, M. Phenomenology of Perception. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1945/1962.
34. Nordenfelt Lennart. On the nature of health: An action-theoretic approach. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing, 1987.
35. Odey K. Legitimizing patient sexuality and sexual health to provide holistic care // Gastrointestinal Nursing. 2009. № 7(8). PP. 43-47.
36. Pallasmaa J. The eyes of the skin: Architecture and the senses. John Wiley & Sons, UK. 2005.
37. Parsons T. Definitions of health and illness in the light of American values and social structure // Caplan A.L., Englehardt H.T., McCartney Jr. & J.J. (Eds). Concepts of health and disease Interdisciplinary Perspectives. USA. Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1981.
38. Plato. Charmides in Plato. Collected Dialogues. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1961.
39. Pörn I. Health and adaptedness // Theoretical Medicine. 1993. № 14. PP. 295-303.
40. Reed P.G. Nursing reformation: Historical reflections and philosophic foundations // Nursing Science Quarterly. 2000. № 13 (2). P. 129-136.
41. Riley J.B. Holistic self care: Strategies for initiating a personal assessment // AAOHJ Journal. 2003. № 51 (10). P. 439-447.
42. Sacks O. Awakening. New York: Harper Perennial, 2001.
43. Seedhouse D. Health: the foundation for achievement. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001.
44. Smuts J.C. Holism and evolution. New York: Macmillan, 1926.
45. Strandberg E.L., Ovhed I., Borgqvist L., & Wilhelmsson S. The perceived meaning of a (w)holistic view among general practitioners and district nurses in Swedish primary care: a qualitative study // BMC Family Practice. 2007. № 8(8).
46. Tamm M. Modeller för hälsa och sjukdom. Malmö: Tiger Förlag, 1994.
47. Thorn S.E. People and their parts: Deconstructing the debates in theorizing nursing’s clients // Nursing Philosophy. 2001. № 2. PP. 259-262.
48. Tolero M. Perception, normativity, and Selfhood in Merleau-Ponty: the spatial level and existential space // The Southern Journal of Philosophy. 2005. № 43. PP. 443-461.
49. Toombs K. (Ed.) Chronic illness: From experience to policy. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1995.
50. Toombs K. (Ed.) Handbook of phenomenology and medicine. Dordrecht. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
51. Tumer B. S. Disability and the sociology of the body // Albrecht G.L., Seelman K.D., Bury & M. (Eds). Handbook of disability studies. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication Inc. 2001. PP. 252-266.
52. Williams R. Concepts of health: an analysis of lay logic // Sociology. 1983. № 17 (2). PP. 185-205.
53. Williams S., & Bendelow G. The lived body: sociological themes, embodied issues. London & New York: Routledge, 1998.
54. World Health Organization // Official records of the World Health Organization. 1948. № 2.
55. Young I.M. On female body experience: Throwing like a girl and other essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
56. Zengerle-Levy K. Practices that facilitate critically burned Children’s holistic healing // Qualitative Health Research. 2004. № 14 (9). PP. 1255-1275